Molecular Markers For Selection of Resistance to Facial Eczema

Tissue Mass ◽

Resistant Lines ◽

Demethylase Activity ◽

Ruminant Animals ◽

Facial Eczema ◽

Binding Spectra ◽

Cytochrome P 450 ◽

<p>The disease facial eczema is caused by the fungal metabolite sporidesmin which produces photosensitisation of animals whose liver and biliary tract have been damaged by the toxin. Sporidesmin is produced by the pasture fungus Pithomyces chartarum and affects ruminant animals that graze on contaminated pasture. Previous studies have shown that sporidesmin is metabolised in the liver and have suggested that the toxin is metabolically inactivated by enzymes in the glutathione S-transferase and cytochrome P-450 families. The activities of these enzymes were therefore measured in liver extracts from Romneys that had been selected for resistance or susceptibility to sporidesmin - induced liver damage. Although there were no differences in cytochrome P-450 CO binding spectra or cytochrome c reductase between the selection lines, resistant Romneys had greater nitroanisole O-demethylase activity and this difference was apparently enhanced two days after dosing with sporidesmin. Dose-dependent differences occurred in the absence of major hepatocellular injury suggesting that they reflected changes in enzyme activity rather than changes in tissue mass. Aminopyrine N-demethylase did not vary significantly between the selection lines. Some differences in GSH-dependent metabolism were also observed. Undosed resistant Romneys showed greater GSH-dependent metabolism of sporidesmin in a spectrophotometric assay. It is possible that glutathione S-transferase Mu or Theta isoforms had greater activity in the resistant lines as differences were observed using p-nitrobenzyl chloride and 1,2 epoxy-3-p-nitrophenoxypropanol but not with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene or 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene that are good substrates for these isoforms. 2-D PAGE was applied to the separation of whole homogenate and soluble proteins. Variations in expression of some proteins including GST Mu isoforms were found between the selection lines. Roles of cytochrome P-450 and glutathione S-transferase in the hepatic detoxication of sporidesmin have previously been demonstrated. Results obtained in this study suggest that resistant Romneys may have greater cytochrome P-450 O-demethylase and glutathione S-transferase activities that could be responsible for increased metabolic inactivation of sporidesmin. These differences may in the future be of use in design of DNA probes to enhance detection and selection of facial eczema resistant livestock.</p>

Effects of toluene on cytochrome p-450 mixed function oxygenase and glutathione-S-transferase activities in rat brain and liver

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology ◽

10.1007/bf01605581 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 28 (5) ◽

pp. 542-545 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

P. Chand ◽

J. Clausen

Keyword(s):

Rat Brain ◽

Rat Brain And Liver ◽

Mixed Function Oxygenase ◽

Cytochrome P 450

Induction of rat UDP-glucuronosyltransferase and glutathione S-transferase activities by L-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine without induction of cytochrome P-450

Toxicology ◽

10.1016/0300-483x(90)90085-u ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 65 (1-2) ◽

pp. 149-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Bradford W. Manning ◽

Michael R. Franklin

Keyword(s):

Udp Glucuronosyltransferase ◽

Cytochrome P 450

Influence of concentrate levels in diet and body biotypes on productive variables of Guzera beef cattle

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n6p4305 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (6) ◽

pp. 4305

Author(s):

Antonio Carlos Homem Junior ◽

Marcos Chiquitelli Neto ◽

Rafael Silvio Bonilha Pinheiro ◽

William Koury Filho ◽

Marcelo Estremote ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Beef Cattle ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Feed Cost ◽

Body Weights ◽

Ruminant Animals ◽

The Cost ◽

Performance Behavior ◽

Poor Welfare ◽

The goal of this study was evaluate diets (50 or 80% of concentrate) and body biotypes (late or early) on performance, behavior, carcass condition, meat quality, and feed cost estimates in feedlot finishing Guzera beef cattle. Use of concentrates in the diet may improve performance and carcass fat scores in ruminant animals, but Guzera beef cattle may be more efficient in forage conversion, which directly influences the economic viability of the production system. We evaluated 32 non-castrated male Guzera beef cattle at 32±2 months of age. The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments and six replicates in a 2 × 2 factorial design (2 diets × 2 body biotypes). Initial and final body weights were 459.4±31.2 kg and 566.7±40.8 kg, respectively. There was no change (P > 0.05) in dry matter intake, feed conversion, or daily weight gain when the concentrate in the diet was increased to 80%. Animals fed a diet with 80% of concentrate spent less time (P < 0.05) ruminating (17.8±6.3 vs. 6.3±2.7% of the assessed time). Body biotype did not alter the variables. The rise from 50 to 80% in the proportion of dietary concentrate increased carcass fat, with positive returns in the production process, even given the reduction in rumination, which can lead to poor welfare of animals consuming 80% of dietary concentrate. Body biotype did not affect the variables studied, but it is worth emphasizing that the age at slaughter of these animals probably influenced this result. Thus, selection of the best diet should be based on feeding cost, and in accordance with the cost estimated in this study, the diet with 80% of concentrate is the most suitable for feedlot finished Guzera beef cattle.

Hepatic and Intestinal Cytochrome P-450, Glutathione-S-Transferase and UDP-Glucuronosyl Transferase Are Affected by Six Types of Dietary Fiber in Rats Inoculated with Human Whole Fecal Flora

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1093/jn/124.9.1581 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 124 (9) ◽

pp. 1581-1587 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Nathalie Roland ◽

Lionelle Nugon-Baudon ◽

Jean-Pierre Flinois ◽

Philippe Beaune

Keyword(s):

Dietary Fiber ◽

Fecal Flora ◽

Cytochrome P 450 ◽

Glucuronosyl Transferase

Effect of intratracheal administration of DDT and endosulfan on cytochrome P-450 and glutathione-s-transferase in lung and liver of rats

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology ◽

10.1007/bf01609702 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 55-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Satya Narayan ◽

A. Bajpai ◽

S. R. Tyagi ◽

U. K. Misra

Keyword(s):

Intratracheal Administration ◽

Cytochrome P 450

Inheritance Studies of Pisum sativum F1, F2 and F3 Generation based Morphological Traits and Selection of High Yielding Powdery Mildew Resistant Lines

Legume Genomics and Genetics ◽

10.5376/lgg.2010.01.0004 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Ghafoor A.

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Pisum Sativum ◽

Morphological Traits ◽

Resistant Lines ◽

Effectiveness of recurrent selection of white clover (Trifolium repens) for resistance to New Zealand populations of clover cyst nematode (Heterodera trifolii)

Nematology ◽

10.1163/156854199508432 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 1 (5) ◽

pp. 449-455 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Chris F. Mercer ◽

John Van Den Bosch ◽

Kylie J. Miller

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

White Clover ◽

Trifolium Repens ◽

Recurrent Selection ◽

Dry Weight ◽

The Third ◽

Resistant Lines ◽

Shoot Weight ◽

Nematode Development ◽

Abstract Selections of white clover resistant or susceptible to Heterodera trifolii in earlier rounds of a recurrent selection programme were intercrossed and selected in three further rounds of selection. Resistance and susceptibility were measured by comparisons of cysts per gram of root dry weight (cpg). In the third, fourth, and fifth rounds of recurrent selection, the mean cpg of progenies from resistant parents was 23% (n = 974), 6% (n = 870) and 11% (n = 98) of that of progenies from susceptible parents. In each selection round, the resistant selections had 31, 4 and 7% of the number of cysts on susceptible selections. The percentages of immune plants (i.e. with 0 cysts) in the resistant groups were 1, 39, and 50% after the third, fourth, and fifth rounds of recurrent selection, respectively. Inoculum from 16 populations of H. trifolii from around New Zealand was added to two resistant and two susceptible white clover lines. After one generation of nematode development there were fewer cysts on the resistant lines for each population tested. Two resistant and two susceptible lines were compared in a glasshouse trial for their reaction to parasitism by H. trifolii . Infection reduced the shoot weight of all four lines but resistant lines grew better than either one or both susceptible lines at 109, 126, and 160 days after inoculation. In contrast, the uninfected lines did not differ in shoot weight over five samplings. More cysts were recovered from susceptible lines (means of 370 and 430 cysts per plant) than from resistant lines (means of 41 and 56 cysts per plant). Results indicate that development of a white clover cultivar resistant to H. trifolii is achievable and that the resistance will be effective against the nematode in most of New Zealand. The growth study indicated that advantages will be conferred in pastures where the presence of H. trifolii causes major limitations to white clover growth and persistence. Zusammenfassung- Die Wirksamkeit einer mehrfach wiederholten Selektion von Weissklee (Trifolium repens) auf Resistenz gegen das Kleezystenalchen (Heterodera trifolii)- In einem fruheren Selektionsprogramm gegen Heterodera trifolii resistente oder anfallige Weisskleeselektionen wurden gekreuzt und in weiteren Selektionsrunden selektiert. Resistenz und Anfalligkeit wurden durch Vergleich der Anzahl der Zysten je Gramm Wurzeltrockengewicht (cpg) bestimmt. In der dritten, vierten und funften Runde der Wiederholungsselektion betrugen die cpg-Werte bei Nachkommen von resistenten Eltern 23% (n = 974), 6% (n = 870) und 11% (n = 98) der Werte bei Nachkommen anfalliger Eltern. In jeder der Selektionsrunden hatten die resistenten Selektionen nur 31, 4 und 7% der Zystenzahlen an den anfalligen Selektionen. Nach der dritten, vierten bzw. funften Selektionsrunde betrugen die Anteile immuner Pflanzen (d.h. mit 0 Zysten) 1, 39 bzw. 50%. Das Inoculum von 16 Populationen aus ganz Neuseeland wurde an zwei resistente und zwei anfallige Weisskleelinien gegeben. Nach einer Generation der Nematodenentwicklung waren an den resistenten Linien bei jeder der untersuchten Populationen weniger Zysten. Die Reaktion von zwei resistenten und zwei anfalligen Linien auf einen Befall mit H. trifolii wurde in einem Gewachshausversuch gepruft. Der Befall verringerte das Sprossgewicht aller vier Linien, doch wuchsen die resistenten Linien nach 109, 126 und 160 Tagen besser als die beiden anfalligen Linien. Im Gegensatz dazu unterschieden sich die Linien bei Nichtbefall bei funf Probenahmen im Sprossgewicht nicht voneinander. An den anfalligen Pflanzen wurden mehr Zysten gefunden (im Mittel 370 und 430 je Pflanze) als an den resistenten Pflanzen (im Mittel 41 und 56 je Pflanze). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Entwicklung einer gegen H. trifolii resistenten Weisskleesorte erreichbar ist, und dass diese Resistenz gegen die Nematoden im grossten Teil Neuseelands wirksam sein wird. Die Wachstumsuntersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass die Vorteile besonders auf solchen Weideflachen deutlich werden, wo die Anwesenheit von H. trifolii erhebliche Einschrankungen des Wachstums und des Uberdauerns von Weissklee verursacht.