scholarly journals Pre-CAD-Frication: Re-establishing Automotive Paradigms to a Manufactured Architecture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Shaun Anthony Anderson

<p>Through the late Twentieth Century, leading vehicle manufacturers increasingly eschewed the drive from mass production and instead focused upon lean production, where output has been determined according to demand. Automotive manufacturers no longer stockpile parts, but vehicles are now made to order, and in doing so the automotive industry has attained flexibility within production; a factor that has historically been unattainable with the simplistic rationalities of mass-production. Automotive manufacturers are now guided with digital design tools, and have further addressed the complexities of flexible production and the modular composition of the 21st Century automobile. Through the utilisation of digital design tools, digital collaboration, organisational capabilities and product technologies the 21st century automobile has successfully shown the world that highly complex products can be produced both efficiently and effectively, with versatility and high craft. The building industry has not been so swift to exploit the opportunities offered by digital lean production; often still constructing in the same laborious manner it has done so for hundreds of years. Digital lean production offers strategies for exerting efficient, sustainable design within contemporary architecture. Through the design of a flexible dwelling, this thesis establishes how the principles of digital, lean production can be utilised within Building Information Modeling to address the issues of speed and precision within the design and manufacture of contemporary architecture.</p>

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Shaun Anthony Anderson

<p>Through the late Twentieth Century, leading vehicle manufacturers increasingly eschewed the drive from mass production and instead focused upon lean production, where output has been determined according to demand. Automotive manufacturers no longer stockpile parts, but vehicles are now made to order, and in doing so the automotive industry has attained flexibility within production; a factor that has historically been unattainable with the simplistic rationalities of mass-production. Automotive manufacturers are now guided with digital design tools, and have further addressed the complexities of flexible production and the modular composition of the 21st Century automobile. Through the utilisation of digital design tools, digital collaboration, organisational capabilities and product technologies the 21st century automobile has successfully shown the world that highly complex products can be produced both efficiently and effectively, with versatility and high craft. The building industry has not been so swift to exploit the opportunities offered by digital lean production; often still constructing in the same laborious manner it has done so for hundreds of years. Digital lean production offers strategies for exerting efficient, sustainable design within contemporary architecture. Through the design of a flexible dwelling, this thesis establishes how the principles of digital, lean production can be utilised within Building Information Modeling to address the issues of speed and precision within the design and manufacture of contemporary architecture.</p>


Author(s):  
Baris Lostuvali ◽  
Jay Love ◽  
Robert Hazleton

Lean production revolution started in manufacturing with origin in the Toyota Production System (TPS). Since Womack, Jones, and Roos (1990) announced this concept as a new production paradigm, various industries including the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) Industry have paid attention to its possible applications. While design, engineering and building practices in AEC are substantially different from manufacturing, the ideas drawn from Lean Production can be tailored for the AEC environment. The synthesis of lean production principles and techniques applied in AEC form the basis for a Lean Project Delivery System™ (LPDS). The principles of LPDS and Building Information Modeling (BIM) technologies offer new approaches and opportunities to improve the quality, cost, schedule and productivity of building products in a highly fragmented multi-disciplinary sector. The case study presented in this chapter provides an overview of the synergy between the principles and tools of LPDS with BIM technologies used at the California Pacific Medical Center’s (CPMC) Cathedral Hill Hospital (CHH) project in San Francisco, California.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tajda Potrč Obrecht ◽  
Martin Röck ◽  
Endrit Hoxha ◽  
Alexander Passer

To foster sustainable development, the environmental impacts of the construction sector need to be reduced substantially. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is the established methodology for the quantification of environmental impacts, and therefore has been increasingly applied to assess the environmental performance of buildings. By coupling LCAs with digital design tools, e.g., building information modeling (BIM), the identification of environmental hotspots and their mitigation is possible during the design process. The objective of the study is to identify the current integration approaches, and determine the pros and cons of the integration process from different viewpoints, namely, technical, informational, organizational and functional issues. Therefore, a comprehensive systematic literature review (SLR) was performed. We identified 60 relevant BIM-LCA case studies and analyzed the applied BIM-LCA workflows in detail. A total of 16 of the reviewed studies applied LCA during the early design stage. These studies used a manual or semiautomatic data exchange between the BIM models and LCA tools. In most cases, contemporary BIM-LCA workflows utilized conventional spreadsheets (e.g., Excel sheets in 16 cases). However, the analysis shows that an automated link between LCA and BIM can be achieved when overcoming the technical, organizational and informational issues discussed in the paper. This could enable the streamlining of LCA applications in design practice, and thus support the necessary improvements in the environmental performance of buildings.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Luana Sales ◽  
Leonardo Sousa ◽  
Juliana Quinderé

A indústria da construção civil está passível a constantes inovações e atualizações em seus métodos, ferramentas e processos. Os avanços tecnológicos oriundos da globalização possibilitaram redes de comunicação rápidas e eficientes, que com o passar dos anos, moldaram uma geração de clientes esclarecidos e com fácil acesso a informação.  Dessa forma, visando a formação de profissionais que acompanhem as demandas e as necessidades do mercado, surge a necessidade da implantação de metodologias de ensino que aproximem os estudantes dos processos que futuramente se depararão nos canteiros de obras, salas técnicas e demais setores da construção civil. Assim, a Faculdade Ari de Sá Cavalcante explanou através de abordagens teóricas e práticas na disciplina de Tópicos Integradores II, de carga horária de 40 horas, ofertada no nono semestre do curso de graduação em Engenharia Civil, dois grandes temas bastante pertinentes quando o assunto é a modernização dos processos construtivos. O Building Information Modeling, (Modelagem da Informação na Construção – BIM), uma tecnologia de modelagem associada a uma série de processos com a função de produzir, comunicar e analisar os modelos das edificações (EASTMAN et al, 2014) e o Lean Construction (Construção enxuta), uma filosofia que baseada no sistema Toyota de produção (Lean Production) visa simplificar os processos, extinguir os desperdícios, controlar e garantir a qualidade, (KOSKELA, 1992) através de um fluxo contínuo, com logística e planejamento pré-determinados em todas as etapas construtivas. O presente trabalho visa apresentar a experiência de ensino-aprendizagem vivenciada ao longo da disciplina em que o Bim foi utilizado para modelagem arquitetônica, planejamento e projeto. Durante toda a graduação os discentes do curso de Engenharia Civil da Faculdade Ari de Sá Cavalcante apresentam semestralmente projetos arquitetônicos modelados por meio do software Revit em que através de uma integração interdisciplinar são aplicados os conhecimentos adquiridos nas demais disciplinas, tais como: Materiais de construção, Mecânica dos solos, Técnicas Construtivas, Instalações prediais hidráulicas, instalações prediais elétricas, Topografia, Saneamento ambiental, Arquitetura e urbanismo, entre outras. Em Tópicos Integradores 2, de posse do modelo BIM desenvolvido ao longo do curso, os alunos devem vivenciar o planejamento e a coordenação das atividades de todo o ciclo de uma obra, através dos softwares Agilean e Navisworks. Em uma primeira etapa acontece a apresentação do Sistema de Gestão Integrado, Agilean, um software que visa a elevação da eficiência da construção através da aplicação de filosofias do Lean Construction em conjunto com tecnologias derivadas da Indústria 4.0, suas funcionalidades contribuem diretamente com o gerenciamento da construção, são elas: o Agilean Andon, uma melhoria do Andon tradicional, a verificação da qualidade, a medição dos serviços, o auxilio na formatação da folha de pagamento, a localização dos funcionários, a medição de obra e o dashboard de resultados. (CARNEIRO et al, 2019) De posse do conhecimento da operacionalização do software, os alunos simulam o passo a passo do gerenciamento de uma obra, inserindo os dados e informações dos seus projetos anteriormente desenvolvidos. O mesmo acontece no segundo momento da disciplina com a aplicação do Navisworks, software com integração Bim que possibilita a análise de projeto através de ferramentas de integração e participação colaborativa multidisciplinar, além disso ele é capaz de realizar a combinação de dados de projeto através dos modelos 3D, identificar e indicar resolução de conflitos e interferências, quantificar de forma automática materiais, dentre outras funcionalidades. (AUTODESK, 2021) O resultado de sua aplicação tem representado um enorme ganho para a Construção Civil e todo o ciclo de vida das edificações, através do aumento da rentabilidade, redução dos custos, melhoria na gestão do tempo, diminuição dos retrabalhos, otimização dos recurso, minoração dos desperdícios e garantia da segurança e de produtividade. Apesar da disciplina possuir uma carga horária relativamente pequena, a forma como o docente conduz as aulas, desperta nos alunos o interesse e entendimento da necessidade de colocar em prática os conteúdos lecionados fora do âmbito da sala de aula (no momento virtual em decorrência da pandemia). A disciplina que é estrategicamente ofertada no penúltimo semestre do curso, em conjunto com todo o trabalho que a Faculdade realiza ao longo da formação do aluno, apresentando desde os semestres iniciais a metodologia BIM, possibilita a capacitação de futuros Engenheiros(a) Civis com habilidades e competências de liderança, planejamento estratégico, trabalho colaborativo, organização, gestão, administração de finanças e de recursos humanos. Algumas dificuldades enfrentadas ao longo do processo se devem ao fato do regime de aulas remotas dificultar o acesso dos estudantes a infraestrutura que a faculdade dispõe, limitando ao que eles possuem, que em grande parte dos casos são de inferior qualidade, desde a velocidade de conexão da internet a capacidade dos computadores propriamente dita. Por outro lado, o regime remoto proporcionou uma maior flexibilização e autonomia para organização do tempo de cada discente, possibilitando os mesmo expandirem seus horizontes para além da sala de aula. Contudo, dado o exposto a experiência tem se mostrado como um enorme diferencial na formação profissional, currículo acadêmico e desenvolvimento pessoal dos alunos. Apresentação no YouTube: https://youtu.be/Hhd1g7N4FeA


Author(s):  
Paolo Fiamma

<p>Building Information Modeling methodology is the current interest for many didactic programs around the world. May be the Master program can be an opportunity to understand the whole BIM concept in the AEC industry. In the Master BIM in Pisa, Italy we are teaching an approach that is not only “tech”. In the Building Information Modeling methodology, the digital representation receives a new strategic task in the world of construction: reducing the gap between the “res aedificanda” and its simulation via object-oriented graphics. Developing research on this way means to offer new powerful opportunities to re-think the link between “the fact” and “its representation”. There is a strong link between graphics approach and cognitive paradigms in design architecture. If the Building Information Modeling could be an answer for the actual needs of the world of AEC, digital design in BIM becomes the way to think the whole project “as one”. In the BIM graphics environment, the digital drawing changes the sign in ontology. To sum up, we are moving beyond vision to "experience" the design before it is built: we design the constructive ontology according to our experience of the “fabrica”. Modeling the interaction means represent the process through the time.</p>


Author(s):  
Simone Giostra

After nearly three decades since their first appearance in architectural practice, digital design tools are increasingly pervasive in nearly every aspect of the profession and throughout the building life cycle, from project development to construction administration to demolition and recycling. While an integrated approach to building information management is becoming the key to winning projects, the creative attitude of an earlier generation of computational designers is being quickly replaced by new tools and protocols geared toward achieving efficiency targets and boosting profitability. The author reflects on the evolving nature of the digital practice and the potential for a new generation of architects to resolve diverging aspirations towards creative freedom and efficient use of resources. The chapter draws on a few experimental projects by the author that combine traditional design tools with computational techniques to explore a direct correlation between building form and energy performance while forging a new vocabulary for sustainable design.


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