scholarly journals The Analysis of Samoan Schools Dropout Rates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lealaolesau Fitu
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Student Teacher ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Dropout Rate ◽  
School Level ◽  
Dropout Rates ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
School Building ◽  
Positive Direction

<p>This thesis investigates the dropout problem in Samoan schools particularly at primary and secondary levels from 1995 to 2007. It aims at identifying and comparing the dropout rate by region (or geographical locations), school level (primary, primary/secondary and secondary) and school status (Government, Mission and Private). Moreover, it also investigates whether the student-teacher ratio, school size, the gender and ethnicity of the teacher, the qualification of the teacher, the school building and school facility variables are associated with the dropout of students. The investigation is carried out through analysis of census data gathered annually by the Samoa Ministry of Education, Sports and Culture (MESC) through census forms from all the primary and secondary schools in the country. Given our response variable is a dichotomous one, the logit regression models to model the effect of both the categorical and continuous explanatory variables on the dropout was adopted. Moreover, since the dropout rates across different year levels (eg, Year 2, Year 3, and Year 13) are correlated within each school we then use the Generalised Estimating Equations (GEE) approach. The results show that higher dropout rates are found in the rural areas (Rest of Upolu combined with Savaii region) as compared to urban area (Apia urban region). In addition, students are more likely to leave secondary schools earlier than primary or primary/secondary schools. Apparently, the majority of these dropouts are those who have attended Government schools. Surprisingly, students are less likely to get affected with the dropout in larger schools and those schools with higher student-teacher ratios. The gender of the school teacher has nothing to do with the dropout however; having more Samoan and highly qualified teachers in a school will significantly reduce the dropout rate. Nonetheless, a couple of school building variables are significantly associated with the dropout in the positive direction, while another couple inversely relate with the dropout. Schools with more trucks as means of transportation for students, and more radios for school programs and students’ activities are less likely to get affected with the dropouts.</p>

scholarly journals The Analysis of Samoan Schools Dropout Rates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lealaolesau Fitu
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Student Teacher ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Dropout Rate ◽  
School Level ◽  
Dropout Rates ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
School Building ◽  
Positive Direction

<p>This thesis investigates the dropout problem in Samoan schools particularly at primary and secondary levels from 1995 to 2007. It aims at identifying and comparing the dropout rate by region (or geographical locations), school level (primary, primary/secondary and secondary) and school status (Government, Mission and Private). Moreover, it also investigates whether the student-teacher ratio, school size, the gender and ethnicity of the teacher, the qualification of the teacher, the school building and school facility variables are associated with the dropout of students. The investigation is carried out through analysis of census data gathered annually by the Samoa Ministry of Education, Sports and Culture (MESC) through census forms from all the primary and secondary schools in the country. Given our response variable is a dichotomous one, the logit regression models to model the effect of both the categorical and continuous explanatory variables on the dropout was adopted. Moreover, since the dropout rates across different year levels (eg, Year 2, Year 3, and Year 13) are correlated within each school we then use the Generalised Estimating Equations (GEE) approach. The results show that higher dropout rates are found in the rural areas (Rest of Upolu combined with Savaii region) as compared to urban area (Apia urban region). In addition, students are more likely to leave secondary schools earlier than primary or primary/secondary schools. Apparently, the majority of these dropouts are those who have attended Government schools. Surprisingly, students are less likely to get affected with the dropout in larger schools and those schools with higher student-teacher ratios. The gender of the school teacher has nothing to do with the dropout however; having more Samoan and highly qualified teachers in a school will significantly reduce the dropout rate. Nonetheless, a couple of school building variables are significantly associated with the dropout in the positive direction, while another couple inversely relate with the dropout. Schools with more trucks as means of transportation for students, and more radios for school programs and students’ activities are less likely to get affected with the dropouts.</p>

The Current Construction Situation and Future Development Strategy of Rural Primary Boarding Schools in Jiangxi Province

2011 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 196-199
Author(s):  
Lu Nie ◽  
Zhi Qing Zhao ◽  
Zhi Yun Wu
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
Boarding Schools ◽  
Jiangxi Province ◽  
School Building ◽  
Design Strategies

The current primary and secondary schools in China's rural areas and the readjustment of the distribution mechanism to ensure funding for rural compulsory education in the context of the reform of the province is pushing forward rural boarding schools project key projects. This paper elaborates the development of rural primary school’s construction actualities and summed up the design strategies outlook and principle of primary school building about function, standardization and regulation.

scholarly journals Employment first and transition: Utah school-to-work initiative

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Tricia Jones-Parkin ◽  
Faith Thomas ◽  
Kelie Hess ◽  
Aubrey Snyder
Keyword(s):  
English Language Learners ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
School To Work ◽  
School Level ◽  
Collaborative Teams ◽  
Significant Disabilities ◽  
Integrated Employment ◽  
Students With Significant Disabilities

BACKGROUND: Utah’s School-to-Work Initiative is funded by a Partnerships in Integrated Employment Systems Change grant. Our project focuses on building school-level collaborative teams to support transitioning students with the most significant disabilities. Participating students complete work experiences and paid internships leading to permanent competitive integrated employment prior to exit. OBJECTIVE: By integrating two predictors for post-secondary employment, our framework implements customized employment to demonstrate Employment First for students with the most significant disabilities. METHODS: An advisory board evaluated applications and selected Utah secondary schools representing urban, suburban, and rural areas. We provide professional development on transition during biannual community of practice meetings. Subject matter experts provide technical assistance to collaborative teams on implementing the customized employment. RESULTS: Eight school districts have collaborative teams that serve nine secondary schools. We blend funding from VR, Medicaid Waiver, and WIOA to support students with significant disabilities obtain competitive integrated employment. Students’ outcomes have been challenged by the lack of employment providers for customized employment, the turnover of staff in agencies, and the limited resources for English language learners. CONCLUSIONS: We have successfully blended funding and collaboratively support 82 students with significant disabilities and families navigate the adult agency process.

scholarly journals Vaccination Dropout Rates Among Children Aged 12-23 Months in the Urban-Rural Health District of Mont Ngafula II, Democratic Republic of the Congo: A Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry-César Kayembe-Ntumba ◽  
Felly Vangola ◽  
Papy Ansobi ◽  
Eric Bokabo ◽  
Bien-Aimé Mandja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Dropout Rate ◽  
Dropout Rates ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reminder System ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Republic Of The Congo

Abstract Background: Globally, 1.8 million children failed to receive the 3-dose diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (DTP) series every year in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Currently, an emergency plan targeting 9 provinces, including the capital of Kinshasa, is launched to reinforce routine immunization. The Mont Ngafula II health district (HD) was the only one to report high vaccination dropout rates over almost five consecutive years. This study aimed to assess issues within the local dynamic system of vaccination services and identify associated risk factors among children aged 12-23 months. Methods: A cross-sectional household survey was conducted among 418 children in June-July 2019 using a two-stage sampling design. Socio-demographic and perception data were collected through a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. The distribution of 2017-2018 immunization coverage and dropout rate was extracted from local authority of HD and mapped. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify predictors of high vaccination dropout. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05. Results: Of 14 health areas included in the Mont Ngafula II HD, four reported high vaccine coverage, only one recorded low vaccine coverage and three registered both low vaccine coverage and high dropout rate. Multivariate logistic regression showed the predictors of immunization dropout as follows: no possession of immunization card (aOR = 2.49; 95% CI = 1.25-4.93; p = 0.010), living in rural areas (aOR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.02-2.32; p = 0.042), unavailability of seating places (aOR = 7.10; 95% CI = 1.39-36.27; p = 0.019), no respect of the order of arrival (aOR = 3.88; 95% CI = 1.48-10.16; p = 0.006) during vaccination in health facilities, and the lack of a reminder system on days before the scheduled vaccination (aOR = 2.17; 95% CI = 1.43-3.32; p < 0.001). Conclusion: The poor utilization of immunization services seemed as the main health concern followed by the poor access. Residing in rural areas, no immunization card possession, absence of seating places, no respect of the order of arrival, and the lack of a reminder system were the predictors of vaccination dropout rates. These results advocate for prioritizing targeted interventions and programs that will strengthen interpersonal communication between vaccination service providers and users during vaccination in health facilities as well as implement and extend a reminder system using SMS reminders on days before the scheduled vaccination.

Socioeconomic status (SES) and the benefits of the “continuous assessment and progression system (CAPS)” in lower secondary education in Myanmar

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natsuho Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Dropout Rate ◽  
Dropout Rates ◽  
Continuous Assessment ◽  
Grade Repetition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lower Secondary Education

PurposeThis study investigated the trends of repetition and dropout rates in Myanmar's lower secondary education before and after the introduction of the “Continuous Assessment and Progression System (CAPS)” and probed the dependence of these tendencies on high-, middle- and low- socioeconomic status (SES). The obtained results were then examined to extract effective policy implications for the achievement of universal secondary education as specified in the Sustainable Development Goals.Design/methodology/approachBefore and after the CAPS introduction at four government secondary schools, grade repetition and dropout rate trends were examined with respect to differences in students' SES. The analysis utilised a sample of 7,272 students from target secondary schools in urban Yangon Region, Myanmar.FindingsIt was found that since the introduction of CAPS, the grade repetition rates had fallen significantly in all SES groups, so was effective regardless of students' SES. The results also demonstrated the influence of unequal CAPS on dropout rates: in the middle-SES group, significant falls to nearly zero post-CAPS implementation. The high-SES group was at ceiling pre- and post-CAPS, so was unaffected. However, in the low-SES group, high dropout rates persisted, indicating that the poor socioeconomic backgrounds of these students significantly reduced the benefits of CAPS.Originality/valueRather than using cross-sectional data such as education statistics, this study used longitudinal data based on academic enrollment registries that included information on individual enrollment statuses, which allowed for the relationships between grade repetition, school dropout, education policies and socioeconomic circumstances to be elucidated.

scholarly journals Rural–Urban Differences in the Factors Affecting Depressive Symptoms among Older Adults of Two Regions in Myanmar

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2818
Author(s):  
Yuri Sasaki ◽  
Yugo Shobugawa ◽  
Ikuma Nozaki ◽  
Daisuke Takagi ◽  
Yuiko Nagamine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Middle School ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
School Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle School Level

The aim of the study was to investigate rural–urban differences in depressive symptoms in terms of the risk factors among older adults of two regions in Myanmar to provide appropriate intervention for depression depending on local characteristics. This cross-sectional study, conducted between September and December, 2018, used a multistage sampling method to recruit participants from the two regions, for face-to-face interviews. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 15-item version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Depressive symptoms were positively associated with living in rural areas (B = 0.42; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.12,0.72), female (B = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.31,0.79), illness during the preceding year (B = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.45,0.91) and non-Buddhist religion (B = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.001,1.15) and protectively associated with education to middle school level or higher (B = −0.61; 95% CI: −0.94, −0.28) and the frequency of visits to religious facilities (B = −0.20; 95% CI: −0.30, −0.10). In women in urban areas, depressive symptoms were positively associated with illness during the preceding year (B = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.36, 1.20) and protectively associated with education to middle school level or higher (B = −0.67; 95% CI: −1.23, −0.11), middle or high wealth index (B = −0.92; 95% CI: −1.59, −0.25) and the frequency of visits to religious facilities (B = −0.20; 95% CI: −0.38, −0.03). In men in rural areas, illness during the preceding year was positively associated with depressive symptoms (B = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.33, 1.42). In women in rural areas, depressive symptoms were positively associated with illness during the preceding year (B = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.36, 1.30) and protectively associated with primary education (B = −0.62; 95% CI: −1.12, −0.12) and the frequency of visits to religious facilities (B = −0.44; 95% CI: −0.68, −0.21). Religion and wealth could have different levels of association with depression between older adults in the urban and rural areas and men and women. Interventions for depression in older adults should consider regional and gender differences in the roles of religion and wealth in Myanmar.

The promise of Telemedicine in Pakistan: A Systematic Review (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Sarosh Mahdi ◽  
Franceso Amenta ◽  
Raheel Allana ◽  
Gopi Battineni 3rd ◽  
Tamsal Khalid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Implementation Costs ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Good Support ◽  
Ottawa Scale

BACKGROUND Telemedicine is a medical practice of assisting remote patients and it has great potential in developing countries like Pakistan. Telemedicine solves the logistical barriers, deliver good support to weak health systems and unite worldwide networks of healthcare personals. Because of high implementation costs, yet it is not possible to adopt telehealth systems for low and middle-income nations. OBJECTIVE In this systematic review, we aim to present an update revision of region-based telemedical services in Pakistan. METHODS Libraries such as PubMed (Medline), CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Scopus (EMBASE) and Google Scholar were used for document search. Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) is adopted to conduct study quality. Majority of the studies (n-8) included in the review were of high quality as assessed through the Newcastle Ottawa scale. Selected study characteristics further analyzed based on different parameters such as publication year, sample size, study design, methods, motivation and outcomes. RESULTS Search produced 955 articles and 11 items were ultimately selected to conduct the review. These studies further characterized as region-based telemedicine implementation. Out of 11, eight studies were conducted in the urban region and three studies were conducted in the rural areas of Pakistan. Majority of studies produced evidence on telehealth interventions by smartphone services like SMS, apps and web-based telemedicine. CONCLUSIONS Telehealth interventions like mHealth, eHealth, telemedicine, and telepharmacy are starting to evaluate for the last two decades but certainly needs to become an integral part of Pakistan's current health infrastructure.

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