scholarly journals Social interactions between international visitors in New Zealand: contacts, processes and impacts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ina Reichenberger
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Outdoor Recreation ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Visitor Experience ◽  
International Visitors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Emotional Level ◽  
Insight Into

<p>The importance of the social aspect of travelling in general and contacts between visitors in particular has been acknowledged in several publications. Based on sociological and social psychological approaches, literature on social interactions in service and tourism settings as well as several areas of outdoor recreation research provide some insight into the phenomenon. However, little is known about how visitor-visitor interactions manifest themselves and what personal meaning they hold for individuals. This thesis examines social interactions between previously unacquainted international visitors in New Zealand. In doing so, it addresses the reasons why visitors interact with each other, what the dimensions and natures of these interactions are, how they are perceived and evaluated, and how they can impact the visitor experience.  A two-stage exploratory qualitative research approach was applied. The first phase of data collection consisted of 40 personal semi-structured in-depth exploratory interviews with international visitors to achieve an initial insight into the occurrence of the phenomenon within New Zealand. Based upon these results, a second round of 76 personal semi-structured interviews with international tourists was conducted in Wellington and Rotorua to collect detailed and contextual information on specific social interactions that visitors had experienced. Data were then analysed using a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches to determine relationships between interaction-related factors.  The analysis focussed on why social interactions occur and proceed in certain ways, how visitors perceive them and what types of interactions can influence the visitor experience. Occurrence, process, perception, and impact of visitor-visitor interactions were found to strongly depend upon the visitor type (i.e. travel behaviour) and personality of interviewees, as well as on the environmental settings within which their interactions take place and the characteristics of New Zealand as the destination. The majority of social interactions occurred or proceeded simply due to the pleasure visitors gained from interacting with others, although certain environmental contexts and therefore personal circumstances have been found to encourage interactions more than others. The length, duration, and conversation topics are also dependent upon these contexts, as well as on the relationship between interaction participants and on the dominance of independent travel in New Zealand. While no social interactions were perceived as negative, their perceived depth was found to strongly contribute to the impacts these interactions have on the visitor experience. Profound interactions were often longer and more personal and thus more likely to positively impact satisfaction with the current experience within which the respective interactions occurred than brief and superficial interactions. It was also found that the impact of cumulative social interactions throughout the whole holiday is not necessarily the same as the impact of specific social interactions on the current situation, as even superficial and trivial interactions contribute to a positive and friendly atmosphere. Depending on the visitors’ travel behaviour, social interactions with other tourists positively affected their visitor experience in a variety of ways. For single long-term travellers, this frequently occurred on an emotional level by contributing to psychological well-being and providing social contact and support. Interactions also often affected the travels of visitors by enhancing destination knowledge and understanding, and contributing to travel itineraries and activities and attractions that visitors participated in. This outcome is especially relevant for visitors travelling with their partner who do not benefit on an emotional level to the same extent. Visitor-visitor interactions have thus been found to directly impact other parts of the visitor experience, such as the products and services that are consumed, due to the relevance of word-of-mouth recommendations during these interactions. The complexity of the phenomenon of visitor-visitor interactions however requires further research, especially in identifying the applicability of this study to other forms of tourism or other destinations.</p>

scholarly journals Social interactions between international visitors in New Zealand: contacts, processes and impacts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ina Reichenberger
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Outdoor Recreation ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Visitor Experience ◽  
International Visitors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Emotional Level ◽  
Insight Into

<p>The importance of the social aspect of travelling in general and contacts between visitors in particular has been acknowledged in several publications. Based on sociological and social psychological approaches, literature on social interactions in service and tourism settings as well as several areas of outdoor recreation research provide some insight into the phenomenon. However, little is known about how visitor-visitor interactions manifest themselves and what personal meaning they hold for individuals. This thesis examines social interactions between previously unacquainted international visitors in New Zealand. In doing so, it addresses the reasons why visitors interact with each other, what the dimensions and natures of these interactions are, how they are perceived and evaluated, and how they can impact the visitor experience.  A two-stage exploratory qualitative research approach was applied. The first phase of data collection consisted of 40 personal semi-structured in-depth exploratory interviews with international visitors to achieve an initial insight into the occurrence of the phenomenon within New Zealand. Based upon these results, a second round of 76 personal semi-structured interviews with international tourists was conducted in Wellington and Rotorua to collect detailed and contextual information on specific social interactions that visitors had experienced. Data were then analysed using a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches to determine relationships between interaction-related factors.  The analysis focussed on why social interactions occur and proceed in certain ways, how visitors perceive them and what types of interactions can influence the visitor experience. Occurrence, process, perception, and impact of visitor-visitor interactions were found to strongly depend upon the visitor type (i.e. travel behaviour) and personality of interviewees, as well as on the environmental settings within which their interactions take place and the characteristics of New Zealand as the destination. The majority of social interactions occurred or proceeded simply due to the pleasure visitors gained from interacting with others, although certain environmental contexts and therefore personal circumstances have been found to encourage interactions more than others. The length, duration, and conversation topics are also dependent upon these contexts, as well as on the relationship between interaction participants and on the dominance of independent travel in New Zealand. While no social interactions were perceived as negative, their perceived depth was found to strongly contribute to the impacts these interactions have on the visitor experience. Profound interactions were often longer and more personal and thus more likely to positively impact satisfaction with the current experience within which the respective interactions occurred than brief and superficial interactions. It was also found that the impact of cumulative social interactions throughout the whole holiday is not necessarily the same as the impact of specific social interactions on the current situation, as even superficial and trivial interactions contribute to a positive and friendly atmosphere. Depending on the visitors’ travel behaviour, social interactions with other tourists positively affected their visitor experience in a variety of ways. For single long-term travellers, this frequently occurred on an emotional level by contributing to psychological well-being and providing social contact and support. Interactions also often affected the travels of visitors by enhancing destination knowledge and understanding, and contributing to travel itineraries and activities and attractions that visitors participated in. This outcome is especially relevant for visitors travelling with their partner who do not benefit on an emotional level to the same extent. Visitor-visitor interactions have thus been found to directly impact other parts of the visitor experience, such as the products and services that are consumed, due to the relevance of word-of-mouth recommendations during these interactions. The complexity of the phenomenon of visitor-visitor interactions however requires further research, especially in identifying the applicability of this study to other forms of tourism or other destinations.</p>

scholarly journals National movement patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand: the unexplored role of neighbourhood deprivation

2021 ◽  
pp. jech-2020-216108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Campbell ◽  
Lukas Marek ◽  
Jesse Wiki ◽  
Matthew Hobbs ◽  
Clive E Sabel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Policy Debate ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Neighbourhood Deprivation ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Spatial Inequalities ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has asked unprecedented questions of governments around the world. Policy responses have disrupted usual patterns of movement in society, locally and globally, with resultant impacts on national economies and human well-being. These interventions have primarily centred on enforcing lockdowns and introducing social distancing recommendations, leading to questions of trust and competency around the role of institutions and the administrative apparatus of state. This study demonstrates the unequal societal impacts in population movement during a national ‘lockdown’.MethodsWe use nationwide mobile phone movement data to quantify the effect of an enforced lockdown on population mobility by neighbourhood deprivation using an ecological study design. We then derive a mobility index using anonymised aggregated population counts for each neighbourhood (2253 Census Statistical Areas; mean population n=2086) of national hourly mobile phone location data (7.45 million records, 1 March 2020–20 July 2020) for New Zealand (NZ).ResultsCurtailing movement has highlighted and exacerbated underlying social and spatial inequalities. Our analysis reveals the unequal movements during ‘lockdown’ by neighbourhood socioeconomic status in NZ.ConclusionIn understanding inequalities in neighbourhood movements, we are contributing critical new evidence to the policy debate about the impact(s) and efficacy of national, regional or local lockdowns which have sparked such controversy.

The Impact on Well-Being of Experiences at Cultural Events

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Gorchakova ◽  
Kenneth F. Hyde
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Emotional Engagement ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Art Galleries ◽  
Special Events ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Favourable Environment ◽  
The Impact

Major international cultural exhibitions, often referred to as touring ‘blockbuster’ exhibitions (TBEs), are arguably among the most stimulating and engaging event experiences. The role of orchestrating an experience that is meaningful and memorable has captured the attention of scholars in the events literature over recent decades. The aims of this paper are to re-conceptualise major international cultural exhibitions as special events, present a framework of the experiences these exhibitions generate for visitors, and explore the roles such experiences play in visitor well-being. The study draws on the findings of qualitative research conducted in Australia and New Zealand. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with representatives of art galleries and museums in Melbourne, Canberra, Auckland, and Wellington involved in hosting ‘blockbuster’ exhibitions, as well as representatives of regional cultural, tourism, and events organisations. This paper presents a ‘3Es’ experience realms framework, which comprises the key experiences that a major cultural and arts event generates for visitors: entertainment, enrichment, and emotional engagement. The first realm of the 3Es framework, entertainment, has encountered scepticism in the museum field; however, research findings here corroborate the arguments of those scholars who hold that entertainment may help to engage visitors and facilitate education. Enrichment comprises the creation of a favourable environment for new knowledge to be processed, and the enhancement of knowledge. The third realm is an emotionally engaging experience that results from social interactions, activities, and contemplation of and learning about unique exhibits. The framework demonstrates an interplay of these three major experiential dimensions and visitors’ hedonic and eudaemonic well-being. Exhibition and event organisers can utilise this framework to plan the delivery of memorable experiences for visitors and explore the ways in which their event can be made enjoyable, enriching, and emotionally engaging.

Encountering Grief in Patient Care

2012 ◽  
pp. e81-e84
Author(s):  
Teresa Gilewski
Keyword(s):  
General Pattern ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Care Team ◽  
Compassionate Care ◽  
Critical Aspect ◽  
Psychiatric Intervention ◽  
Emotional Level ◽  
Dying Patient ◽  
Seriously Ill ◽  
Insight Into

Overview: Grief is essentially unavoidable and is a normal reaction to loss. Grief may be experienced by patients and their loved ones as well as by physicians and members of the health care team in response to the consequences of illness or death. Grief is typified by certain indicators that may significantly effect one's emotional and physical well-being. Although these indicators tend to follow a general pattern, there is variability among individuals. Complicated grief may require psychiatric intervention. Caring for the seriously ill or dying patient may be particularly challenging from an emotional level and may increase the risk of burnout. Recognition of these emotions is a critical aspect of providing compassionate care on a sustainable level. Various strategies may be beneficial in coping with grief, and the exploration of grief may provide greater insight into the humanistic basis of medicine.

The Impact of Bedside Technology on Patients' Well-Being

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Tanja-Dijkstra
Keyword(s):  
Medical Equipment ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Healthcare Design ◽  
Healthcare Environment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

Objective: This paper presents a study to gain insight into the effects of the visibility of medical equipment on the well-being of patients. Background: Encounters with healthcare situations are characterized by stress and anxiety. The presence of wires, tubes, and monitors near the bedside may contribute to these feelings. One of the trends in healthcare design is to organize the headwalls of patient rooms in such a way as to reduce clutter and minimize the visibility of medical equipment, but no experimental studies are available that investigate the effects of the visibility of medical equipment in patient rooms. Methods: This experiment employed a single-factor between-subjects design (medical equipment visible vs. medical equipment out of sight) exposing participants ( n = 42) to a scenario and a picture of a hospital room. Results: Placing medical equipment out of sight leads to reduced feelings of stress in patients. This stress-reducing effect is mediated by feelings of pleasure. Placing medical equipment out of sight leads to a more positive emotional state, which in turn leads to feelings of reduced stress in patients. Moreover, placing equipment out of sight leads to people having more trust in the healthcare provider. Conclusions: The current study emphasizes the importance of the built healthcare environment and shows what role the visibility of medical equipment can play in the healing process of patients.

scholarly journals Negative Social Interaction and Psychological Well-Being on Female Basketball Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
Zulfa Nur Umniyah ◽  
Berliana Berliana ◽  
Boyke Mulyana ◽  
Geraldi Novian
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Negative Social Interactions ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

Exercise can maintain a person's level of psychological well-being or also known as Psychological well-being (PWB), but on the other hand, it can also have a negative effect. Negative Social Interaction is one of the factors that have a negative effect on individuals from their environment during exercise. In terms of gender, women and sports are interrelated even though women have long been underestimated in sports, especially in sports that are considered masculine sports. This study examines the negative social interactions experienced by athletes in basketball. In basketball, negative social interactions can occur due to the assumption that basketball is a masculine sport, besides, that women are considered weaker than men. So this study aims to analyze the impact of Negative Social Interaction obtained by female basketball athletes on the Psychological well-being (PWB) of athletes. The instruments used were Negative Social Exchange (NSE) and Psychological Well-being Scale questionnaires as well as short interviews given to 24 female basketball athletes at the University of Indonesia Education. The results showed that NSI had a significant relationship with the PWB of female basketball athletes. The coach is one individual who plays a very important role in the condition of the athlete's PWB. Not only can it have a negative impact, but NSI can also be turned into a motivation that can encourage athletes to fight harder in the future. The author provides suggestions for coaches who handle female basketball athletes to be more careful when interacting with athletes and for basketball connoisseurs to better organize themselves in expression when enjoying this sport.

scholarly journals Of Mice and (Wo)Men: Tampons, Menstruation, and Testing

2020 ◽  
pp. 673-686
Author(s):  
Sharra L. Vostral
Keyword(s):  
Material Science ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Women's Bodies ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Bodily Experiences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Vostral provides much-needed insight into the link between women’s bodily experiences with tampons and twentieth-century developments in material science, corporate research, and gynecological observations about menstrual cycles. She examines how design modifications to tampons, changes in material composition, and the cultivation of women test subjects exposed scientific assumptions, ideas about safety, and attitudes concerning gendered and menstruating bodies. Focusing on the practical work of tampon testing, Vostral examines the impact of broad cultural conditions: prevailing ideas about women’s bodies, gender differences, and the role of science and medicine in optimizing well-being. Finally, she shows how patterns of social power and privilege configured this research, with evidence taking different forms over time.

scholarly journals A Slice of Tourism: The Nature,  Dimensions and Geographies of  International Golf Tourism in  New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Chris Gazley
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Geographic Isolation ◽  
Barriers To Growth ◽  
International Visitors ◽  
Insight Into

<p>Tourism is one of the largest and fastest growing industries in the world and for New Zealand it is the most important industry along with dairy. Of the 2.5 million tourists who visit New Zealand each year, it is estimated that around 65,000 (3%) of visitors will play at least one game of golf while in the country. New Zealand’s profile as a golfing destination has increased in recent years and now boasts a number of the worlds top ranked courses. This, along with the low cost of playing golf in New Zealand has made it an attractive golfing destination. This thesis aims to gain a greater insight into the nature and dimensions of the golf tourism industry in New Zealand and of those who visit. This research was conducted through a range of interviews with 19 stakeholders in the golf tourism industry, as well as a golfer’s questionnaire to which 44 international visitors responded. This research has found that international golf tourism plays an important role for many golf courses throughout New Zealand and the number of visitors is on the rise. These visitors tend to be wealthier and spend more money than the average tourist during their stay and so the benefits of increasing this market go beyond what is spent on the golf course alone. However, New Zealand must first overcome a number of barriers if international golf tourism is to reach its full potential. The key barriers to growth are New Zealand’s geographic isolation, the large distances between New Zealand’s top courses, competition from other golfing destinations and a lack of marketing to increase the awareness of New Zealand as a golfing destination.</p>

scholarly journals Food tourism’s moment in the New Zealand sun

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Meikle
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Food Tourism ◽  
International Visitors ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to consider the potential of food tourism to connect local communities and strengthen the visitor economy through COVID-19 induced international visitor downfalls and reimagine New Zealand tourism. Design/methodology/approach As a viewpoint paper, this paper is a personal and professional reflection of the relevance of food for New Zealand tourism. Findings The three themes of community, connection and challenges identify the potential of using local communities as ambassadors to connect both local and international visitors alike with New Zealand culture. Practical implications Findings of this paper can provide guidance for global communities on how to both mitigate a reduction in visitor arrivals while creating a foundation for future positioning as food destinations. Originality/value There is a lack of insight into the potential of special interest tourism in reimagining a post-COVID-19 tourism landscape, and this viewpoint paper contributes through its practical and community-based approach.

Factors of Cancer-Related Fatigue in Patients with Malignant Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Raisa V. Strebkova-Lazarova
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Health Satisfaction ◽  
Cancer Related Fatigue ◽  
Oncological Diseases ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Emotional Level

Summary Symptoms of fatigue and exhaustion are considered to be the most common complaints in patients with oncological diseases during and after treatment. The manifestations can be on a physical, cognitive and emotional level. At diagnosis, 40% of patients report fatigue, and this percentage increases to 90% during treatment. However, the exact determinants of fatigue are not yet known. This article is a literary review of the problem of cancer-related fatigue – mechanisms, risk factors, and the impact on the lives of those affected. Literary data on the role of subjective well-being in terms of fatigue and emotional responses of patients with oncological diseases are described. A number of contemporary studies of the combined effect of fatigue and pain on the functioning of oncology patients have been discussed. It is concluded that the symptoms of fatigue, exhaustion and pain are considered the most common complaints in patients with oncologic pathology during and after treatment, whose manifestations may be physical, cognitive and emotional. On the other hand, human health satisfaction is one of the most important predictors of life satisfaction, which contributes significantly to the overall well-being of the patients group discussed.

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