EEG evidence for the effective proactive control of emotional distraction

10.26686/wgtn.17019245 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Justin Murphy

Keyword(s):

Control Strategy ◽

High Frequency ◽

Flanker Task ◽

Effective Control ◽

Future Research ◽

Compelling Evidence ◽

Proactive Control ◽

Frequency Condition ◽

Eeg Alpha ◽

Emotional Distraction

Recent behavioural studies using an emotional flanker task have found that task-irrelevent emotional images are more distracting than neutral images under infrequent, but not frequent, distractor conditions.It has been proposed the effective control of distraction in the high distractor frequency condition may be due to a shift to a proactive control strategy, whereby a potential distraction is anticipated and minimised in advance. However, although it is well established that proactive control is effective at reducingneutral distraction, it is not yet clear whether emotional distraction can be effectively proactively controlled. In this thesis, I used EEG to measure pre-stimulus indices of proactive control in order to determine whether proactive control is responsible for the effective control of emotional and neutral distraction in the high distractor frequency condition, as well asto examine whether proactive control differs according whether a neutral or emotional distraction is anticipated.In addition to replicating the previous behavioural findings, posterior EEG alpha was found to be tonically suppressed in the high compared to low distractor frequency condition, strongly supporting the hypothesis that proactive control was engaged in the high distractor frequency condition. By contrast, there was no difference in phasic alpha suppression (i.e., the drop in alpha in response to fixation onset) between conditions, indicating that the more effective control of distraction in the high frequency distractor conditions was due to a sustained proactive control strategy, rather than greater trial-by-trial preparation to attend to the target. In addition, no alpha lateralisation was found, indicating the mechanisms by which distraction was proactively controlled did not include the preparatory suppression of expected distractor locations. Finally, tonic alpha did not differ according to the expected distractor valence, but phasic alpha suppression was more pronounced when negative, compared to neutral or positive, distractors were expected, independent of distractor frequency condition. This suggests proactive control was also used to some extent in the low distractor frequency condition, but more importantly also provides initial evidence that the proactive control of negative distraction may be unique. Taken together, my findings provide compelling evidence that emotional distraction can be effectively proactively controlled. Future research is needed to determine the mechanisms by which this occurs, and whether the proactive control of emotional distraction is particularly effortful.

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Proactive control of emotional distraction: Evidence from alpha suppression

10.31219/osf.io/vuk6j ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Justin Murphy ◽

Christel Devue ◽

Paul Michael Corballis ◽

Gina M. Grimshaw

Keyword(s):

High Frequency ◽

Attentional Control ◽

Alpha Power ◽

Proactive Control ◽

Emotional Stimuli ◽

Frequency Condition ◽

Stimulus Period ◽

Attentional Control Settings ◽

Sustained Use ◽

Emotional Distraction

Biased attention towards emotional stimuli is adaptive, as it facilitates responses to important threats and rewards. An unfortunate consequence is that emotional stimuli can become potent distractors when they are irrelevant to current goals. How can this distraction be overcome despite the bias to attend to emotional stimuli? Recent studies show that distraction by irrelevant flankers is reduced when distractor frequency is high, even if they are emotional. A parsimonious explanation is that the expectation of frequent distractors promotes the use of proactive control, whereby attentional control settings can be altered to minimise distraction before it occurs. It is difficult, however, to infer proactive control on the basis of behavioural data alone. We therefore measured neural indices of proactive control while participants performed a target-detection task in which irrelevant peripheral distractors (either emotional or neutral) could appear either frequently (on 75% of trials) or rarely (on 25% of trials). We measured alpha power during the pre-stimulus period to assess proactive control; and during the post-stimulus period to determine the consequences of control for subsequent processing. Pre-stimulus alpha power was tonically suppressed in the high, compared to low, distractor-frequency condition, regardless of expected valence, indicating sustained use of proactive control. In contrast, there was less post-stimulus alpha suppression in the high frequency condition, suggesting that proactive control reduced the need for post-stimulus adjustments. Our findings indicate that a sustained proactive control strategy accounts for the reduction in both emotional and non-emotional distraction when distractors are expected to appear frequently.

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New Control Strategy for High-Frequency Digital Inverter Power Supply

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.772.443 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 772 ◽

pp. 443-447

Author(s):

Yi Wang Wang

Keyword(s):

Induction Heating ◽

Control Strategy ◽

Power Supply ◽

High Frequency ◽

Effective Control ◽

Strong Nonlinearity ◽

Wide Range ◽

Inverter Power Supply ◽

Control Technologies ◽

High Frequency Induction

The inverter power supply system has strong nonlinearity and parameter variability, especially in the non-linear loads, conventional control technology is difficult to achieve effective control and get the ideal control effect. Aiming at the control requirements of single-phase high-frequency induction heating inverter supply power control applications, uses a novel multiple and composite control technologies to achieve rapid power modulation control of inverter. The components and design principles of proposed control system were introduced in detail. The inverter power system model based on the new control strategy has been built, and inverter prototype used for high-frequency induction heating was designed. The experimental results show that the proposed control method to obtain better dynamic characteristics than the conventional control technologies, and has good advantages of system steady-state accuracy, robustness and control qualities, which has wide range of application.

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Proactive Control of Emotional Distraction: An ERP Investigation

10.26686/wgtn.17012903.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Laura Kranz

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Control ◽

Emotional Processing ◽

Control Mechanisms ◽

Proactive Control ◽

Reactive Control ◽

Frequency Condition ◽

Distractor Processing ◽

Early Posterior Negativity ◽

Distraction Task ◽

Emotional Distraction

According to the Dual Mechanisms of Control (DMC) framework (Braver, 2012) distraction can be controlled either proactively (i.e., before the onset of a distractor) or reactively (i.e., after the onset of a distractor). Research clearly indicates that, when distractors are emotionally neutral, proactive mechanisms are more effective at controlling distraction than reactive mechanisms. However, whether proactive control mechanisms can control irrelevant emotional distractions as effectively as neutral distraction is not known. In the current thesis I examined cognitive control over emotional distraction. In Experiment 1, I tested whether proactive mechanisms can control emotional distraction as effectively as neutral distraction. Participants completed a distraction task. On each trial, they determined whether a centrally presented target letter (embedded amongst a circle of ‘o’s) was an ‘X’ or an ‘N’, while ignoring peripheral distractors (negative, neutral, or positive images). Distractors were presented on either a low proportion (25%) or a high proportion (75%) of trials, to evoke reactive and proactive cognitive control strategies, respectively. Emotional images (both positive and negative) produced more distraction than neutral images in the low distractor frequency (i.e., reactive control) condition. Critically, emotional distraction was almost abolished in the high distractor frequency condition; emotional images were only slightly more distracting than neutral images, suggesting that proactive mechanisms can control emotional distraction almost as effectively as neutral distraction. In Experiment 2, I replicated and extended Experiment 1. ERPs were recorded while participants completed the distraction task. An early index (the early posterior negativity; EPN) and a late index (the late positive potential; LPP) of emotional processing were examined to investigate the mechanisms by which proactive control minimises emotional distraction. The behavioural results of Experiment 2 replicated Experiment 1, providing further support for the hypothesis that proactive mechanisms can control emotional distractions as effectively as neutral distractions. While proactive control was found to eliminate early emotional processing of positive distractors, it paradoxically did not attenuate late emotional processing of positive distractors. On the other hand, proactive control eliminated late emotional processing of negative distractors. However, the early index of emotional processing was not a reliable index of negative distractor processing under either reactive or proactive conditions. Taken together, my findings show that proactive mechanisms can effectively control emotional distraction, but do not clearly establish the mechanisms by which this occurs.

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Proactive Control of Emotional Distraction: An ERP Investigation

10.26686/wgtn.17012903 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Laura Kranz

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Control ◽

Emotional Processing ◽

Control Mechanisms ◽

Proactive Control ◽

Reactive Control ◽

Frequency Condition ◽

Distractor Processing ◽

Early Posterior Negativity ◽

Distraction Task ◽

Emotional Distraction

According to the Dual Mechanisms of Control (DMC) framework (Braver, 2012) distraction can be controlled either proactively (i.e., before the onset of a distractor) or reactively (i.e., after the onset of a distractor). Research clearly indicates that, when distractors are emotionally neutral, proactive mechanisms are more effective at controlling distraction than reactive mechanisms. However, whether proactive control mechanisms can control irrelevant emotional distractions as effectively as neutral distraction is not known. In the current thesis I examined cognitive control over emotional distraction. In Experiment 1, I tested whether proactive mechanisms can control emotional distraction as effectively as neutral distraction. Participants completed a distraction task. On each trial, they determined whether a centrally presented target letter (embedded amongst a circle of ‘o’s) was an ‘X’ or an ‘N’, while ignoring peripheral distractors (negative, neutral, or positive images). Distractors were presented on either a low proportion (25%) or a high proportion (75%) of trials, to evoke reactive and proactive cognitive control strategies, respectively. Emotional images (both positive and negative) produced more distraction than neutral images in the low distractor frequency (i.e., reactive control) condition. Critically, emotional distraction was almost abolished in the high distractor frequency condition; emotional images were only slightly more distracting than neutral images, suggesting that proactive mechanisms can control emotional distraction almost as effectively as neutral distraction. In Experiment 2, I replicated and extended Experiment 1. ERPs were recorded while participants completed the distraction task. An early index (the early posterior negativity; EPN) and a late index (the late positive potential; LPP) of emotional processing were examined to investigate the mechanisms by which proactive control minimises emotional distraction. The behavioural results of Experiment 2 replicated Experiment 1, providing further support for the hypothesis that proactive mechanisms can control emotional distractions as effectively as neutral distractions. While proactive control was found to eliminate early emotional processing of positive distractors, it paradoxically did not attenuate late emotional processing of positive distractors. On the other hand, proactive control eliminated late emotional processing of negative distractors. However, the early index of emotional processing was not a reliable index of negative distractor processing under either reactive or proactive conditions. Taken together, my findings show that proactive mechanisms can effectively control emotional distraction, but do not clearly establish the mechanisms by which this occurs.

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Research on Heat Transfer Regulation of Power-Split Hybrid Electric Vehicle under Silent Watch Operation

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.300-301.1022 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 300-301 ◽

pp. 1022-1026

Author(s):

Xiao Xia Sun ◽

Yi Chun Wang ◽

Yu Feng Wu ◽

Jia Yu Gao ◽

Feng Lei Zhong

Keyword(s):

Heat Transfer ◽

Electric Vehicle ◽

Control Strategy ◽

Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽

Effective Control ◽

Future Research ◽

Thermal Management System ◽

Vehicle Operation ◽

Power Split ◽

Hybrid Electric

Silent watch operation is a typical driving condition of power-split hybrid electric vehicle (PSHEV) which has advantages of both series and parallel HEVs. Because of the complicated structure and operations of PSHEV, an advanced thermal management system with effective control strategy is needed urgently. Properly-adopted heat transfer regulations under different vehicle driving conditions are the basis of TMS control strategy establishment. In this study, we begin this work from the typical vehicle operation-silent watch operation. Then, the heat transfer regulation of PSHEV under silent watch operation is researched and analyzed with the present advanced TMS. The results can provide theory and data bases for the future research of TMS control strategy for PSHEV.

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Proactive Control of Emotional Distraction: Evidence From EEG Alpha Suppression

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnhum.2020.00318 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

Author(s):

Justin Murphy ◽

Christel Devue ◽

Paul M. Corballis ◽

Gina M. Grimshaw

Keyword(s):

Proactive Control ◽

Eeg Alpha ◽

Emotional Distraction

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An approach to emerging optical and optoelectronic applications based on NiO micro- and nanostructures

Nanophotonics ◽

10.1515/nanoph-2021-0041 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

María Taeño ◽

David Maestre ◽

Ana Cremades

Keyword(s):

Gas Sensors ◽

High Frequency ◽

Future Research ◽

Electrochromic Devices ◽

Fuel Cell Electrodes ◽

Magnetic Devices ◽

Optical Microresonators ◽

Optical Limiters ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Potential Applicability

Abstract Nickel oxide (NiO) is one of the very few p-type semiconducting oxides, the study of which is gaining increasing attention in recent years due to its potential applicability in many emerging fields of technological research. Actually, a growing number of scientific works focus on NiO-based electrochromic devices, high-frequency spintronics, fuel cell electrodes, supercapacitors, photocatalyst, chemical/gas sensors, or magnetic devices, among others. However, less has been done so far in the development of NiO-based optical devices, a field in which this versatile transition metal oxide still lags in performance despite its potential applicability. This review could contribute with novelty and new forefront insights on NiO micro and nanostructures with promising applicability in optical and optoelectronic devices. As some examples, NiO lighting devices, optical microresonators, waveguides, optical limiters, and neuromorphic applications are reviewed and analyzed in this work. These emerging functionalities, together with some other recent developments based on NiO micro and nanostructures, can open a new field of research based on this p-type material which still remains scarcely explored from an optical perspective, and would pave the way to future research and scientific advances.

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