scholarly journals The Colonial Reinvention of the Hei Tiki: Pounamu, Knowledge and Empire, 1860s-1940s

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kathryn Street
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Ways Of Knowing ◽  
Gold Rush ◽  
World War ◽  
Everyday Objects ◽  
Cultural Legacy ◽  
Colonial Culture ◽  
Client Relationships ◽  
Multiple Meanings

<p>This thesis examines the reinvention of pounamu hei tiki between the 1860s and 1940s. It asks how colonial culture was shaped by engagement with pounamu and its analogous forms greenstone, nephrite, bowenite and jade.   The study begins with the exploitation of Ngāi Tahu’s pounamu resource during the West Coast gold rush and concludes with post-World War II measures to prohibit greenstone exports. It establishes that industrially mass-produced pounamu hei tiki were available in New Zealand by 1901 and in Britain by 1903. It sheds new light on the little-known German influence on the commercial greenstone industry. The research demonstrates how Māori leaders maintained a degree of authority in the new Pākehā-dominated industry through patron-client relationships where they exercised creative control.   The history also tells a deeper story of the making of colonial culture. The transformation of the greenstone industry created a cultural legacy greater than just the tangible objects of trade. Intangible meanings are also part of the heritage. The acts of making, selling, wearing, admiring, gifting, describing and imagining pieces of greenstone pounamu were expressions of culture in practice. Everyday objects can tell some of these stories and provide accounts of relationships and ways of knowing the world.   The pounamu hei tiki speaks to this history because more than merely stone, it is a cultural object and idea. In this study, it stands for the dynamic processes of change, the colonial realities of Māori resistance and participation and Pākehā experiences of dislocation and attachment.   The research sits at an intersection of new imperial histories and studies of material culture. The power of pounamu to carry multiple meanings and to be continually reinterpreted represents the circulation of colonial knowledge, and is a central contention of the thesis.</p>

scholarly journals The Colonial Reinvention of the Hei Tiki: Pounamu, Knowledge and Empire, 1860s-1940s

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kathryn Street
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Ways Of Knowing ◽  
Gold Rush ◽  
World War ◽  
Everyday Objects ◽  
Cultural Legacy ◽  
Colonial Culture ◽  
Client Relationships ◽  
Multiple Meanings

<p>This thesis examines the reinvention of pounamu hei tiki between the 1860s and 1940s. It asks how colonial culture was shaped by engagement with pounamu and its analogous forms greenstone, nephrite, bowenite and jade.   The study begins with the exploitation of Ngāi Tahu’s pounamu resource during the West Coast gold rush and concludes with post-World War II measures to prohibit greenstone exports. It establishes that industrially mass-produced pounamu hei tiki were available in New Zealand by 1901 and in Britain by 1903. It sheds new light on the little-known German influence on the commercial greenstone industry. The research demonstrates how Māori leaders maintained a degree of authority in the new Pākehā-dominated industry through patron-client relationships where they exercised creative control.   The history also tells a deeper story of the making of colonial culture. The transformation of the greenstone industry created a cultural legacy greater than just the tangible objects of trade. Intangible meanings are also part of the heritage. The acts of making, selling, wearing, admiring, gifting, describing and imagining pieces of greenstone pounamu were expressions of culture in practice. Everyday objects can tell some of these stories and provide accounts of relationships and ways of knowing the world.   The pounamu hei tiki speaks to this history because more than merely stone, it is a cultural object and idea. In this study, it stands for the dynamic processes of change, the colonial realities of Māori resistance and participation and Pākehā experiences of dislocation and attachment.   The research sits at an intersection of new imperial histories and studies of material culture. The power of pounamu to carry multiple meanings and to be continually reinterpreted represents the circulation of colonial knowledge, and is a central contention of the thesis.</p>

Rushing for Gold Redux

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-344
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Isenberg
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Gold Rush ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Looking Back ◽  
Critical Perspectives

Seventy years ago, Pacific Historical Review published one of the journal’s first “special issues,” looking back on the California Gold Rush. The special issue came at a significant transitional moment in the study of the Gold Rush. In the late 1940s, historians had begun to turn away from nationalist and celebratory accounts of the Gold Rush and toward more critical perspectives. The influence of the World War II was acute, particularly in encouraging a more international perspective on the Gold Rush. (The full text of the 1949 special issue, “Rushing for Gold,” is available at http://phr.ucpress.edu/content/18/1.)

Microbes for War and Peace

Germ Wars ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Ways Of Knowing ◽  
Biological Weapons ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
World War ◽  
High Security ◽  
Modern Warfare ◽  
The U.S

When the U.S. military created a bioweapons research program at Fort Detrick, Maryland, following World War II, it enlisted microbiology in the production of modern warfare. Biological weapons magnify the potential of germs to harm humans, remaking the terms of risk to account for natures that have been engineered to be more contagious, fatal, and far-reaching. This alliance between war and science also bracketed certain ways of knowing nature by creating spaces and mechanisms to control microbes according to human desires. Beyond the weapon itself, bioweapons research promulgated knowledge of containment, designing top-secret, high-security laboratory spaces for the safe study of deadly microbes, thereby materializing the belief that microbes must (and could) be contained.

Machines and Media

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
World War ◽  
Physics Laboratory ◽  
The North ◽  
The People ◽  
International Collaborations ◽  
Local Problems ◽  
Multiple Meanings

This chapter sets the stage for DRTE’s linking of nature and technology by examining anxieties about ionosondes — the chief instruments of ionospheric research. The ionosondes that emerged from World War II could not be trusted to capture rapidly-changing high-latitude phenomena. The chapter focuses on the efforts of Frank Davies and the Radio Physics Laboratory to create a coherent group of instruments, collectively responsible for mapping northern sectors of the global ionosphere. In doing so, it illustrates how efforts to standardize ionospheric equipment, as well as the multiple meanings of that standardization, opened up important possibilities for variation and difference in international collaborations. For Frank Davies and his group, the machines and the records they produced became a way of solving all-too-local problems with the North as a place of experiment and with the people occupying it.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Marisa Escolar
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Military Government ◽  
World War ◽  
Cultural Legacy ◽  
Occupied Territory ◽  
Anglo American

World War II Italy eludes easy definition. After fighting on the side of the Axis for over three years, the birthplace of European fascism experienced a series of watershed events whose political and cultural legacy is still being debated.1 On July 10, 1943, “Operation Husky” brought Anglo-American troops to Sicily’s shores, making Italy the site of the Allies’ first European occupation. In Sicily, the Allies were unquestionably occupiers; the name Allied Military Government of Occupied Territory spells out as much. Yet Italy’s status started shifting after Mussolini was deposed on July 25, a shift that accelerated following the unconditional surrender to the Allies with the September 8 armistice....

The Second Gold Rush: Oakland and the East Bay in World War II

1994 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 514
Author(s):  
Delores Nason McBroome ◽  
Marilynn S. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Gold Rush ◽  
World War ◽  
East Bay

Gateways and Gates in American Immigration History

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeline Y. Hsu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gold Rush ◽  
World War ◽  
Immigration History ◽  
Immigration Laws ◽  
Immigration Studies ◽  
Transcontinental Railroad

This chapter discusses how Asian Americans have featured most prominently in U.S. history in the Gold Rush period—as workers on the transcontinental railroad, and as the innocent victims of incarceration during World War II. The impossibility of Asians becoming U.S. citizens was established early in America's history. Much of immigration studies scholarship has usefully focused on the goal of restriction—the targeting of certain populations as unwanted in the United States. By focusing on restriction, however, the scholarship has neglected the selective aspects of immigration laws, which not only erected gates barring entry to unwanted persons but also established gateways that permitted admission to peoples deemed assimilable but also strategic, as determined by a variety of revealing rationales.

The Second Gold Rush: Oakland and the East Bay in World War II.

1995 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 1810
Author(s):  
Roger Lotchin ◽  
Marilynn S. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Gold Rush ◽  
World War ◽  
East Bay

Trances, Myth, Bachelor Machines, and Abstractions: Queer Experimental Film in the Cold War Era (1943–1962)

2021 ◽  
pp. 280-307
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio Suárez
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Experimental Film ◽  
World War ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Space ◽  
Everyday Objects ◽  
Experimental Cinema ◽  
The Cold War

This chapter surveys the emergence and development of a queer experimental cinema in the United States between the early 1940s and the early 1960s. It locates queer experimental film within post–World War II culture, explores the conceptions of sexuality that subtend it, and discusses its main thematic concerns, stylistic gestures, and subgenres. Against earlier readings that stress the subjective, introspective character of this body of work, the chapter argues that these films are also forms of subcultural material practice: they sexualize public and private space, upend traditional myths, articulate heterodox conceptions of the body, and make peculiar uses of everyday objects and substances. In the process, they cast sexuality and desire as a series of unclassifiable impulses and affects that attach to varied gender and corporeal configurations indiscriminately. The chapter considers well-known filmmakers such as Kenneth Anger, Gregory Markopoulos, Harry Smith, and Marie Menken, along with lesser-known figures such as Willard Maas, Theodor Huff, Sara Katryn Arledge, and Jim Davis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document