scholarly journals The structural reuse of Pinus Radiata in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Nicholas Henry David Forbes
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Timber Frame ◽  
Treated Timber

<p>Masses of used Copper chromium arsenic (CCA) treated timber is deposited into landfill from light timber framed building deconstruction every year. This research explores the structural integrity of CCA treated timber and the feasibility of its re-use within the construction industry. To answer this question an appropriate methodology has been designed to achieve quality results. The first part of the methodology was to identify the profit margin for pinus radiata through communicating with individuals in the current market. This market all works around the concept that to reuse there needs to be a significant buying community as it needs to generate MONEY. Through doing this it was identified that only a few companies in New Zealand reuse CCA treated timber and the ways of which it is re-used varies greatly between companies. Some firms pull the nails out due to health and safety reasons, while others leave them in due to the overall cost of the sale. This gives a good understanding on what everyone is doing across the country and allows for the sale market to be set at $2.00 a meter, which if done correctly comes in at around $0.16 a meter of profit.  The next part of the methodology required a physical assessment of material itself in order to establish its structural integrity and identify other potential barriers to its reuse. This section covered all other possibilities to pinus radiata focusing on the different timber which have the same properties, and focus on separate treatments which will also conduct the same issues as CCA. This all found that there is much research to consider, which placed New Zealand in an area of profit, as any of these documents could be the focus point and all could eventually relieve CCA from the industry.  Existing research identifies how the use of CCA treated timber can be prevented, but does not consider the diversion of existing treated timber being deposited into landfill. The lack of research into the re-use of CCA treated timber is the main barrier found in this thesis. This required the series of events which occur between building deconstruction and deposition into landfill to be clearly defined, before they could be changed. The changes to how CCA treated timber is processed after deconstruction has the potential to divert the material from landfill for re-use. The primary addition to this process was an assessment of the strength which it holds. To accomplish this a three point bending test was carried out on each member, finding the alternate strength and the modulus of elasticity (MOE). These two figures could then be directly compared to NZS 3603:1993 timber structural standards allowing their long term history of testing to be the comparative point (New Zealand Government, 1993).  With the two figures it was found that all of this material strength was 91% above the minimum strength grading of SG6, and 55% above the next area of SG8, which is the most commonly used framing timber. Although through doing this there was hope for the material to present themselves with a way of finding the general strength with minimal tools, this is not present in the research.  The most important finding of this research is that CCA treated timber is strong enough to be placed straight back into the construction industry and re-used for light timber frame construction. Future research is needed into the additional education required of builders in order for them to confidently re-use the timber in construction.</p>

scholarly journals The structural reuse of Pinus Radiata in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Nicholas Henry David Forbes
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Timber Frame ◽  
Treated Timber

<p>Masses of used Copper chromium arsenic (CCA) treated timber is deposited into landfill from light timber framed building deconstruction every year. This research explores the structural integrity of CCA treated timber and the feasibility of its re-use within the construction industry. To answer this question an appropriate methodology has been designed to achieve quality results. The first part of the methodology was to identify the profit margin for pinus radiata through communicating with individuals in the current market. This market all works around the concept that to reuse there needs to be a significant buying community as it needs to generate MONEY. Through doing this it was identified that only a few companies in New Zealand reuse CCA treated timber and the ways of which it is re-used varies greatly between companies. Some firms pull the nails out due to health and safety reasons, while others leave them in due to the overall cost of the sale. This gives a good understanding on what everyone is doing across the country and allows for the sale market to be set at $2.00 a meter, which if done correctly comes in at around $0.16 a meter of profit.  The next part of the methodology required a physical assessment of material itself in order to establish its structural integrity and identify other potential barriers to its reuse. This section covered all other possibilities to pinus radiata focusing on the different timber which have the same properties, and focus on separate treatments which will also conduct the same issues as CCA. This all found that there is much research to consider, which placed New Zealand in an area of profit, as any of these documents could be the focus point and all could eventually relieve CCA from the industry.  Existing research identifies how the use of CCA treated timber can be prevented, but does not consider the diversion of existing treated timber being deposited into landfill. The lack of research into the re-use of CCA treated timber is the main barrier found in this thesis. This required the series of events which occur between building deconstruction and deposition into landfill to be clearly defined, before they could be changed. The changes to how CCA treated timber is processed after deconstruction has the potential to divert the material from landfill for re-use. The primary addition to this process was an assessment of the strength which it holds. To accomplish this a three point bending test was carried out on each member, finding the alternate strength and the modulus of elasticity (MOE). These two figures could then be directly compared to NZS 3603:1993 timber structural standards allowing their long term history of testing to be the comparative point (New Zealand Government, 1993).  With the two figures it was found that all of this material strength was 91% above the minimum strength grading of SG6, and 55% above the next area of SG8, which is the most commonly used framing timber. Although through doing this there was hope for the material to present themselves with a way of finding the general strength with minimal tools, this is not present in the research.  The most important finding of this research is that CCA treated timber is strong enough to be placed straight back into the construction industry and re-used for light timber frame construction. Future research is needed into the additional education required of builders in order for them to confidently re-use the timber in construction.</p>

scholarly journals A comparative approach to determining the growth of productivity of the New Zealand construction industry

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Abbott ◽  
Chris Carson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Statistical Techniques

In recent years there has been increasing interest in the productivity and efficiency of the construction industry in New Zealand.  In part this interest has manifested itself in the increased use of numerous statistical techniques to determine the productivity and efficiency of the industry.  These efforts have, however, some degree of controversy.  The purpose of this paper is, therefore, threefold.  First it summarises the key structural findings that have been determined from past research into the construction industry in New Zealand.  Secondly it makes some comparisons between the construction industry’s productivity in New Zealand with that of the six states of Australia.  Finally it also considers potential areas for potential future research.

EMPLOYEE EMPOWERMENT IN CONSTRUCTION: A REVIEW OF ISSUES

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alazzaz Faisal ◽  
Andrew Whyte
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Employee Empowerment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Independent Contractor ◽  
Work Systems ◽  
Traditional Approaches

The construction industry is a high-risk commercial sector. As such, concerns regarding performance, waste, health and safety, insurance, legal/budgetary and cost compliances, and client satisfaction levels are an ongoing challenge. An increasing area of focus is human resources and, in particular, productivity. In place of traditional approaches to dealing with employee performance concerns, better job design and work systems are increasingly being seen as essential in alleviating poor employee/ independent-contractor performance. Academic research on employee empowerment in the construction industry has so far been limited and/or haphazard, despite advocates presenting it as a means to deal with worker dissatisfaction, absenteeism, turnover, poor quality work, and sabotage. This paper reviews the literature concerning the utility of employee empowerment in the construction industry, with particular emphasis on its practical benefits. The aim is to provide direction for future research and development in the construction and civil engineering fields.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Description of Parental Perceptions and Practices Related to Risky Play and Independent Mobility in Children: The New Zealand State of Play Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Jelleyman ◽  
Julia McPhee ◽  
Mariana Brussoni ◽  
Anita Bundy ◽  
Scott Duncan
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Emotional Wellbeing ◽  
Independent Mobility ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Risky Play ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Stranger Danger

The potential for risky play and independent mobility to increase children’s physical activity, and enhance cognitive development and emotional wellbeing has been recognised for some time. The aim of this study was to describe the attitudes of New Zealand parents towards such risky play practices and independent mobility, the barriers preventing them from allowing their children to participate, and how often their children engaged in risky play activities. An online survey comprised mostly of validated scales and standardised questions was completed by a nationally representative sample of 2003 parents. We found that parents had neutral feelings about the risk of injury to their child through play, rather they were concerned about road safety and “stranger danger”. There was strong agreement that there are multiple benefits to be gained from exposure to risk and challenge, and that health and safety rules are too strict. However, 73% of respondents stated that their 5–12 year old child seldom or never engaged in four or more risky activities, and only 14.3% engaged in four or more often or always. While parents agree that their child is likely to benefit from risky play, they do not have the confidence to allow their children to engage in such activities. Future research should address barriers and fears when implementing strategies to facilitate risky play.

scholarly journals A review of productivity analysis of the New Zealand construction industry

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Carson ◽  
Malcolm Abbott
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Productivity Analysis

Abstract In recent years there has been a rising interest in the level of productivity and efficiency of the New Zealand construction industry. This interest has meant that there has been an increased use of statistical techniques to determine the productivity and efficiency of the overall industry. The purpose of this paper is to review the various measures that have been used to gauge the levels of productivity and efficiency in the New Zealand construction industry; as well as analyse some of the results to date. Finally, it considers potential areas for future research.

Sensing and warning-based technology applications to improve occupational health and safety in the construction industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1534-1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxwell Fordjour Antwi-Afari ◽  
Heng Li ◽  
Johnny Kwok-Wai Wong ◽  
Olugbenga Timo Oladinrin ◽  
Janet Xin Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Occupational Health And Safety ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Technology Applications

Purpose Sensing- and warning-based technologies are widely used in the construction industry for occupational health and safety (OHS) monitoring and management. A comprehensive understanding of the different types and specific research topics related to the application of sensing- and warning-based technologies is essential to improve OHS in the construction industry. The purpose of this paper is to examine the current trends, different types and research topics related to the applications of sensing- and warning-based technology for improving OHS through the analysis of articles published between 1996 and 2017 (years inclusive). Design/methodology/approach A standardized three-step screening and data extraction method was used. A total of 87 articles met the inclusion criteria. Findings The annual publication trends and relative contributions of individual journals were discussed. Additionally, this review discusses the current trends of different types of sensing- and warning-based technology applications for improving OHS in the industry, six relevant research topics, four major research gaps and future research directions. Originality/value Overall, this review may serve as a spur for researchers and practitioners to extend sensing- and warning-based technology applications to improve OHS in the construction industry.

scholarly journals Child Labour: What is Happening in New Zealand?

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danae Anderson ◽  
Felicity Lamm ◽  
Erling Rasmussen ◽  
Peter Shuttleworth ◽  
Judith McMorland
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Wage Rates ◽  
Government Report ◽  
The Status ◽  
Working Age

While the rights of New Zealand adult workers have been the primary concern of successive governments and their agencies, the rights of child workers have often been overshadowed.  With the recent Government report to the United Nations on New Zealand released, the issues surrounding New Zealand young workers have come to the fore and now require further investigation. The purpose o f this paper is to report on Phase One o f ongoing research into the working lives and experiences of New Zealand children (thoseunder18years). Drawing on existing academic literature as well as government and non-governmental organisations' (NGO) reports and statistics, the paper will present an overview of the status of New Zealand children in terms of the minimum working age; the minimum wage rates; and occupational health and safety standards. Finally, the paper will outline areas of future research.

scholarly journals OH&S Small and Medium-Size Enterprises and the Issue of Cultural Diversity: Ongoing Research in the Construction Industry

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Martin ◽  
Melchior Pelleterat de Borde ◽  
Franck Guarnieri ◽  
Felicity Lamm
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Diverse Workforce ◽  
Migrant Labour

This paper reports on the findings from stage one of a collaborative New Zealand and French research project on the construction industry and in particular the link between occupational health and safety (OHS), subcontracting and cultural diversity. The construction sector in France, New Zealand and elsewhere has not only one of the highest injury, illness and fatality rates but the sector also has a prevalence of small subcontracting firms and a substantial migrant labour force (CNAM, 2008; Department of Labour, 2009). The practice of outsourcing in this industry has created a complex web of sub­contracting with an international dimension and resultant confusion over regulatory responsibilities for the health and safety of workers. Thus, those in the industry are grappling with challenges of managing a culturally diverse workforce within a hazardous working environment. Hiring poorly paid migrant labours in the construction industry, however, is not a recent phenomenon in either France or New Zealand. This in turn has created a melting pot where diversity can be both an advantage and a weaknesses in terms of safety. One the on hand the enormous variability of demographic and social status (Jounin, 2009) and cultures (a term which here encompass personal, collective and professional elements) can lead to dissonance on construction site and yet on the other hand diversity can stimulate innovative ways of implementing safety measures more effectively (Mearns and Yule, 2009). Given that the international subcontracting process and migrant labour are central to the construction industry, the aim of this qualitative research is to identify and explain the sources of OHS failure and suggest adjustments that need to be made.

scholarly journals Occupational Health and Safety in the Kuwait Construction Industry: The Rationale for Research

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy Robertson ◽  
Felicity Lamm
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Construction Workers ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Employment Relations ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Workplace Health

Over half of all construction businesses in Kuwait are small firms employing fewer than 10 employees, most of whom are contingent, migrant workers. There is also anecdotal evidence that the practice of employing illegal migrant labour in the Kuwaiti construction industry, particularly amongst sub-contracting firms, is rife. There are disturbing indications that the injury and illness rate amongst construction workers is extremely high. The paper will present the rationale for the proposed study and highlight the characteristics of the Kuwaiti construction industry. A brief review of the literature outlined in the paper will also attempt resolve (or not) the following questions: what are the intersections between the literature on contingent workers and the literature on OHS in the construction industry? In addition, what does the research literature say on the extension to which cultural factors shape employers' practices and attitudes toward employment relations and workplace health and safety? Finally, areas for future research on the topic will he identified and mapped out.

scholarly journals Construction health and safety: A topic landscape study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 2472-2483
Author(s):  
Xiaorui Cao ◽  
Ruodan Lu ◽  
Liang Guo ◽  
Jianya Liu
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Topic Modeling ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Code Of Practice ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Development Trajectories ◽  
And Training

Abstract We aim to draw in-depth insights into the current literature in construction health and safety and provide perspectives for future research efforts. The existing literature on construction health and safety is not only diverse and rich in sight, but also complex and fragmented in structure. It is essential for the construction industry and research community to understand the overall development and existing challenges of construction health and safety to adapt to future new code of practice and challenges in this field. We mapped the topic landscape followed by identifying the salient development trajectories of this research area over time. We used the topic modeling algorithm to extract 10 distinct topics from 662 abstracts (filtered from a total of 895) of articles published between 1991 and 2020. In addition, we provided the most cited references and the most popular journal per topic as well. The results from a time series analysis suggested that the construction health and safety would maintain its popularity in the next 5 years. Research efforts would be devoted to the topics including “Physical health and disease”, “Migrant and race”, “Vocational ability and training”, and “Smart devices.” Among these topics, “Smart devices” would be the most promising one.

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