scholarly journals Perception versus reality: Investigating the impact of talkativeness on children’s credibility and reliability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Helen Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Child Witnesses ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Mock Jurors ◽  
Juror Perceptions ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Child Age

<p>Does how much children say predict how credible they are as a witness? Children’s talkativeness can be easily observed by jurors, but we know very little about how it affects judgements of children’s credibility. The present research investigates the effect of talkativeness on juror perceptions and children’s actual testimony. In Study 1 participants rated six transcripts from low/high talkative 5-, 8-, or 12-year old children. Results showed that mock jurors rated high-talkative children more favourably than low-talkative children and older children were rated more favourably than younger children. In Study 2 we analysed transcripts of memory interviews from 5-, 8-, and 12-year-old children. Talkativeness was not associated with accuracy, but child age was. Talkativeness and child age were both associated with the amount of information recalled. This research shows that talkativeness of child witnesses not only influences juror perceptions but also is an indication of the amount of information that children recall in a memory interview. It is not just what a child says, but also how they say it that matters.</p>

scholarly journals Perception versus reality: Investigating the impact of talkativeness on children’s credibility and reliability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Helen Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Child Witnesses ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Mock Jurors ◽  
Juror Perceptions ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Child Age

<p>Does how much children say predict how credible they are as a witness? Children’s talkativeness can be easily observed by jurors, but we know very little about how it affects judgements of children’s credibility. The present research investigates the effect of talkativeness on juror perceptions and children’s actual testimony. In Study 1 participants rated six transcripts from low/high talkative 5-, 8-, or 12-year old children. Results showed that mock jurors rated high-talkative children more favourably than low-talkative children and older children were rated more favourably than younger children. In Study 2 we analysed transcripts of memory interviews from 5-, 8-, and 12-year-old children. Talkativeness was not associated with accuracy, but child age was. Talkativeness and child age were both associated with the amount of information recalled. This research shows that talkativeness of child witnesses not only influences juror perceptions but also is an indication of the amount of information that children recall in a memory interview. It is not just what a child says, but also how they say it that matters.</p>

Facility Dogs in the Courtroom: Comfort Without Prejudice?

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-536
Author(s):  
Kayla A. Burd ◽  
Dawn E. McQuiston
Keyword(s):  
Due Process ◽  
Child Witnesses ◽  
Child Witness ◽  
Mock Jurors ◽  
Teddy Bear ◽  
Mock Trial ◽  
Legal Arguments ◽  
The Impact

Courthouse facility dogs are expertly trained canines that assist individuals with psychological, emotional, or physical difficulties in a myriad of courtroom situations. While these animals are increasingly used to assist young witnesses in court, it is not yet known whether they are prejudicial to defendants or the witnesses they accompany during trial. Across two studies utilizing mock trial paradigms involving child witnesses, we explored the impact of courtroom accommodations (facility dog vs. teddy bear vs. no accommodation) on mock jurors’ judgments about the defendant and child witness. In Experiment 1, teddy bears, but not facility dogs, were prejudicial to defendants, while in Experiment 2, neither facility dogs nor teddy bears were prejudicial. Further, mock jurors’ perceptions of the child witness were not influenced by courtroom accommodations. Evidence from both studies suggests that, contrary to various legal arguments concerning due process, facility dogs may not influence verdict, verdict confidence, or sentencing.

Rape Perpetrators on Trial: The Effect of Sexual Assault–Related Schemas on Attributions of Blame

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon M. Stuart ◽  
Blake M. McKimmie ◽  
Barbara M. Masser
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Mock Jurors ◽  
Juror Perceptions ◽  
Pilot Work ◽  
Schema Model ◽  
Attributions Of Blame ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Influence Perceptions

Research has consistently shown that jurors are influenced by multiple schemas in cases of alleged sexual assault, including offense stereotypes and victim stereotypes. These schemas appear to be organized in a hierarchy, as victim stereotypicality seems to matter most in acquaintance assaults (counter-stereotypical offense). However, despite numerous studies demonstrating the impact of defendant stereotypes on juror perceptions of guilt for other crimes, to date, the impact of stereotypes about defendants (perpetrators) in cases involving sexual violence have been overlooked. As such, the current research aimed to build on the existing hierarchical schema model by systematically examining the influence of perpetrator stereotypes. Following pilot work, mock jurors’ ( N = 163) read a rape scenario that varied in terms of offense stereotypicality (stereotypical, counter-stereotypical), victim stereotypicality (stereotypical, counter-stereotypical), and perpetrator stereotypicality (stereotypical, counter-stereotypical). Broadly consistent effects of offense stereotypicality and victim stereotypicality were observed across the outcome measures, such that the victim was perceived more positively and the perpetrator more negatively when the victim was described as being stereotypical and when the offense was described as stereotypical. However, contrary to past findings, the effect of victim stereotypicality did not differ as a function of offense stereotypicality. Furthermore, perpetrator stereotypicality did not influence perceptions in the stereotypical offense scenario. These findings suggest that contrary to the assertions of previous research, there is not a series of specific, individual stereotypes that impact attributions of blame, rather, there may be one underlying schema about consent that influences perceptions. These findings have important implications for how we address the effect of juror-held schemas on attributions of blame in cases of sexual assault.

scholarly journals Mock Juror Perceptions of Child Witnesses on the Autism Spectrum: The Impact of Providing Diagnostic Labels and Information About Autism

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 1509-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Crane ◽  
Rachel Wilcock ◽  
Katie L. Maras ◽  
Wing Chui ◽  
Carmen Marti-Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mock Juror ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Child Witnesses ◽  
Juror Perceptions ◽  
Diagnostic Labels ◽  
The Impact

Mock Juror Perceptions of Child Witnesses on the Autism Spectrum

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Henry ◽  
Rachel Wilcock ◽  
Wing Chui ◽  
Carmen Marti-Sanchez ◽  
Laura Crane
Keyword(s):  
Mock Juror ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Child Witnesses ◽  
Juror Perceptions

The impact of Bolsa Fammlia on Schooling: Girlss Advantage Increases and Older Children Gain

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan de Brauw ◽  
Daniel O. Gilligan ◽  
John Hoddinott ◽  
Shalini Roy
Keyword(s):  
Older Children ◽  
The Impact

The impact of an unconditional parental benefit on employment of mothers

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 33-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kurowska
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
School Age ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Similar System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to solve the puzzle of the disproportionately lower employment rate of mothers of toddlers with relation to the employment rate of mothers of preschool and school-age children in Estonia. Design/methodology/approach The research is based on the Most Similar System Design and compares Estonia with Lithuania. The applied methods include inferential statistics and microsimulation techniques, employing the OECD Benefits and Wages Calculator, the OECD Family Support Calculator and EUROMOD – the European tax-benefit microsimulation model. Findings The comparison revealed that the overwhelming majority of the crucial aspects of socio-cultural, economic and institutional conditions were more favourable for maternal employment in Estonia than in Lithuania. This explains the higher maternal employment rates both for mothers of pre-schoolers and school-age children in Estonia. However, one particular element of the institutional context targeted to the mothers of toddlers – the unconditional parental benefit – had an entirely opposite character. This particular feature of the parental leave scheme was the only factor that could explain why the employment rate of mothers of toddlers is disproportionately lower than the employment rate of mothers of older children in Estonia and much lower than the employment of mothers of toddlers in Lithuania. Originality/value This study complements previous research by providing evidence on the relative importance of universal parental benefit schemes in the context of other country-specific conditions for maternal employment, including the availability of institutional childcare. Furthermore, the results presented show that childcare regime typologies, at least those that characterise Eastern European countries, should be more sensitive to children’s age.

scholarly journals Young children's screen time during the first COVID-19 lockdown in 11 countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Bergmann ◽  
Nevena Dimitrova ◽  
Khadeejah Alaslani ◽  
Alaa Almohammadi ◽  
Haifa Alroqi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Screen Time ◽  
Large Cohort ◽  
Infants And Toddlers ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Child Age

This study examined children’s screen time during the first COVID-19 lockdown in a large cohort (n=2209) of 8-to-36-month-olds sampled from 15 labs across 11 countries. Caregivers reported that young infants and toddlers with no online schooling requirements were exposed to more screen time during lockdown than before lockdown. While this was exacerbated for countries with longer lockdowns, there was no evidence that the increase in screen time during lockdown was associated with children’s demographics, e.g., age, SES. However, screen time during lockdown was negatively associated with child age and SES and positively associated with caregiver screen time and attitudes towards children’s screen time. The results highlight the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on young children’s screen time.

scholarly journals HR analytics a roadmap for decision making: case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brahim Jabir ◽  
Noureddine Falih ◽  
Khalid Rahmani
Keyword(s):  
Operating System ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Vast Amount ◽  
The People ◽  
The Impact

<p>In the socio-economic world, the human resources are in the most top phase of the enterprise evolution. This evolution began when the arithmetic, statistics are applicable over a vast of opportunities and used to identify problems and support decision. However, analytics has been emerged to provide predictions and understand the people performance based on available data.</p>In light of this vast amount of information, human resources services need to deploy a predictive management model and operating system of analytics that can be an efficient and an instead solution that can respond to the gaps of the traditional existing ones and facilitate the decision making. In this paper, we present a literature review of this HR analytics concept and a case study concerning the impact of interventions using an analytics solution.<p> </p>

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