The impact of Bolsa Fammlia on Schooling: Girlss Advantage Increases and Older Children Gain

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan de Brauw ◽  
Daniel O. Gilligan ◽  
John Hoddinott ◽  
Shalini Roy
Keyword(s):  
Older Children ◽  
The Impact

The impact of an unconditional parental benefit on employment of mothers

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 33-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kurowska
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
School Age ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Similar System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to solve the puzzle of the disproportionately lower employment rate of mothers of toddlers with relation to the employment rate of mothers of preschool and school-age children in Estonia. Design/methodology/approach The research is based on the Most Similar System Design and compares Estonia with Lithuania. The applied methods include inferential statistics and microsimulation techniques, employing the OECD Benefits and Wages Calculator, the OECD Family Support Calculator and EUROMOD – the European tax-benefit microsimulation model. Findings The comparison revealed that the overwhelming majority of the crucial aspects of socio-cultural, economic and institutional conditions were more favourable for maternal employment in Estonia than in Lithuania. This explains the higher maternal employment rates both for mothers of pre-schoolers and school-age children in Estonia. However, one particular element of the institutional context targeted to the mothers of toddlers – the unconditional parental benefit – had an entirely opposite character. This particular feature of the parental leave scheme was the only factor that could explain why the employment rate of mothers of toddlers is disproportionately lower than the employment rate of mothers of older children in Estonia and much lower than the employment of mothers of toddlers in Lithuania. Originality/value This study complements previous research by providing evidence on the relative importance of universal parental benefit schemes in the context of other country-specific conditions for maternal employment, including the availability of institutional childcare. Furthermore, the results presented show that childcare regime typologies, at least those that characterise Eastern European countries, should be more sensitive to children’s age.

scholarly journals Touchscreens for Whom? Working Memory and Age Moderate the Impact of Contingency on Toddlers' Transfer From Video

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koeun Choi ◽  
Heather L. Kirkorian ◽  
Tiffany A. Pempek
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Real World ◽  
Transfer Of Learning ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Child Characteristics ◽  
Touch Input ◽  
The Impact

Toddlers exhibit poor transfer between video and real-world contexts. Contingently responsive video such as that found in touchscreen apps appears to assist transfer for some toddlers but not others. This study investigated the extent to which toddlers' working memory moderates the impact of contingency on toddler's transfer of learning from video. Toddlers (24–36 months; N = 134) watched a hiding event on either (a) contingent video that advanced only after touch input or (b) non-contingent video that proceeded automatically. Toddlers then searched for a corresponding object on a felt board. Additionally, toddlers' working memory (WM) was assessed. Findings indicate WM and age moderated the impact of contingency on transfer: Contingency decreased transfer in younger children while increasing transfer among older children. However, this was only true for children with relatively low WM. Contingency had little impact on transfer among children with relatively high WM, regardless of age. Results from this study suggest that WM is one specific moderator that predicts whether toddlers are likely to learn from contingent vs. non-contingent video, yet WM does not operate in isolation. Together, these findings underscore the importance of considering multiple child characteristics when identifying the optimal conditions for toddlers' learning from symbolic media.

Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine chemoprevention and malaria incidence after severe flooding: evaluation of a pragmatic intervention in rural Uganda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross M Boyce ◽  
Brandon D Hollingsworth ◽  
Emma Baguma ◽  
Erin Xu ◽  
Varun Goel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Incidence ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test Result ◽  
Western Uganda ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Severe Flooding

Abstract Background Malaria epidemics are a well-described phenomenon after extreme precipitation and flooding, which account for nearly half of global disasters over the past two decades. Yet few studies have examined mitigation measures to prevent post-flood malaria epidemics. Methods We conducted an evaluation of a malaria chemoprevention program implemented in response to severe flooding in western Uganda. Children ≤12 years of age from one village were eligible to receive 3 monthly rounds of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP). Two neighboring villages served as controls. Malaria cases were defined as individuals with a positive rapid diagnostic test result as recorded in health center registers. We performed a difference-in-differences analysis to estimate changes in the incidence and test positivity of malaria between intervention and control villages. Results A total of 554 children received at least one round of chemoprevention with 75% participating in at least two rounds. Compared to control villages, we estimated a 53.4% reduction (aRR 0.47, 95% CI 0.34 – 0.62, p<.01) in malaria incidence and a 30% decrease in the test positivity rate (aRR=0.70, CI 0.50 - 0.97, p=0.03) in the intervention village in the six months post-intervention. The impact was greatest among children receiving the intervention, but decreased incidence was also observed in older children and adults (aRR=0.57, CI 0.38-0.84, p<.01). Conclusions Three rounds of chemoprevention with DP delivered under pragmatic conditions reduced the incidence of malaria after severe flooding in western Uganda. These findings provide a proof-of-concept for the use of malaria chemoprevention to reduce excess disease burden associated with severe flooding.

Behaviour and emotions of children and young people with congenital heart disease: A literature review

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-332
Author(s):  
Nada Dahlawi ◽  
Linda Jane Milnes ◽  
Veronica Swallow
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Young People ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
The Impact

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the common types of birth defects. Children and young people (CYP) with CHD might exhibit behavioural and emotional changes related to undergoing different medical treatments and hospitalization. Therefore, a literature review was conducted from January 2000 to June 2017 that aimed to understand and evaluate current international literature focusing on CYP’s behavioural and emotional status as patients with CHD. A comprehensive search of Medline, PsycINFO and CINAHL databases was undertaken. Eight quantitative studies were reviewed following strict eligibility criteria. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to assess the quality of the reviewed studies. Parents provided proxy reports on their children’s behaviour and emotions in all studies. Half of the reviewed studies presented the self-perceptions of children who were over seven years old. CYP with CHD exhibited internalizing and externalizing behavioural problems, withdrawal, depression, social, and attention problems. CYP with more severe CHD reported greater behavioural and emotional problems than CYP with less severe CHD. Moreover, younger children developed more problems than older children. Future more depth research using qualitative designs is required to explore the personal views of children younger than seven years old on the impact of CHD on their behaviour and emotions.

scholarly journals Parenting and Future Anxiety: The Impact of Having a Child with Developmental Disabilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Bujnowska ◽  
Celestino Rodríguez ◽  
Trinidad García ◽  
Débora Areces ◽  
Nigel Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
General Level ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Lower Education ◽  
The Impact

This study examined differences in future anxiety (FA) among mothers and fathers of children with and without developmental disabilities (DD), and it also analyzed differences in FA within the group of parents of children with DD taking into consideration parent-related factors and child-related factors. A group of 167 parents of children with DD were compared to a group of 103 parents of children with typical development. The group with DD included children with autism spectrum disorders, sensory disorders, and intellectual disability. Parents completed the Future Anxiety Scale-FAS1. Mothers of children with DD had a higher general level of FA than fathers of children with and without DD. Mothers of children with DD reported higher anxiety about their future health and the meaning of their future life than fathers of children with DD. For parents of children with DD, those with lower education, male children, and older children reported higher FA. The group at risk of highest general FA are mothers of children with DD, especially those without a professional career. Similarly, parents of teenagers and/or sons with DD are at increased risk of FA.

scholarly journals Speech-Language Pathology Provision During the COVID-19 Pandemic for Children Born With Cleft Palate in the United Kingdom—Parent/Caregiver Perspectives and Experiences

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Lucy Southby ◽  
Sam Harding ◽  
Amy Davies ◽  
Matthew Fell ◽  
Yvonne Wren
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine parent/caregiver perspectives and experiences of speech-language pathology provision during the COVID-19 pandemic for children born with cleft palate. Method: An online questionnaire to parents of children born with cleft palate asked about delays and changes to speech-language pathology provision during the first U.K. national lockdown. Parents were also asked their views on the effectiveness of online speech-language pathology provision. Analysis considered variation in speech-language pathology provision by region. Chi-square and Mann–Whitney U tests examined associations between speech-language pathology provision and socioeconomic status and child age. Free text responses were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Three hundred fifty-six (39.3%) children were receiving speech-language pathology intervention before the first national lockdown. A further 49 (9.0%) were due to start speech-language pathology intervention during the lockdown. Speech-language pathology provision varied both nationally and within smaller geographical regions. Overall, 146 (42.6%) children continued to receive speech-language pathology and 197 (57.4%) had intervention delayed. There was no association between delayed speech-language pathology and socioeconomic status. Older children were more likely to experience delayed speech-language pathology provision ( p  = .004). Qualitative analysis revealed concerns about access to speech-language pathology, challenges with adequate devices to access online provision, technological problems, and child engagement in online provision. Parents reported online provision as being “better than nothing.” Conclusions: Parents/caregivers reported delays to speech-language pathology provision during the first lockdown, but this varied geographically and was more prevalent for older children. Concerns about access to speech-language pathology provision were raised, including challenges regarding online provision. Follow-on work will consider the impact of the delays experienced on longer term outcomes.

scholarly journals Maternal personality traits, antenatal depressive symptoms and the postpartum mother–infant relationship: a prospective observational study

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 621-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selina Nath ◽  
Rebecca M. Pearson ◽  
Paul Moran ◽  
Susan Pawlby ◽  
Emma Molyneaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Sensitivity ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Maternal Personality ◽  
Antenatal Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Postpartum Bonding ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose Maternal depression has been associated with bonding difficulties and lower maternal sensitivity in observed mother–infant interactions. However, little research has examined the impact of disordered personality traits in mothers on these outcomes. We investigated the association between disordered personality traits in mothers measured during pregnancy and postnatal (a) self-reported bonding with infant; (b) observational mother–infant interactions. Methods Five hundred fifty-six women were recruited during early pregnancy and subsequently followed up at mid-pregnancy (approximately 28 weeks’ gestation) and when infants were aged approximately 3 months (n = 459). During early pregnancy, data were collected on disordered personality traits (using the Standardised Assessment of Personality Abbreviated Scale) and depressive symptoms (using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale). At 3 months postpartum, self-reported perceived bonding (using the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire) were collected. A sub-sample of women additionally provided observational mother–infant interaction data (n = 206) (coded using the Child–Adult Relationship Experimental Index). Results Higher disordered personality traits was not associated with maternal perceptions of bonding impairment, but was associated with reduced maternal sensitivity during observational mother–infant interactions [adjusted for age, education, having older children, substance misuse prior to pregnancy, infant sex and gestational age: coefficient = − 0.28, 95% CI = − 0.56 to − 0.00, p < 0.05]. After adjusting for depressive symptoms, the association was attenuated [coefficient = − 0.19, 95% CI = − 0.48 to 0.11, p = 0.217]. Conclusions Mothers with disordered personality traits did not perceive themselves as having bonding impairments with their infants but were less sensitive during observed interactions, though depressive symptoms attenuated this relationship. Both depression and disordered personality traits need to be addressed to optimize mother–infant interactions.

Perinatal SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Neonatal COVID-19: A 2021 Update

NeoReviews ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. e284-e295
Author(s):  
Deepika Sankaran ◽  
Natasha Nakra ◽  
Ritu Cheema ◽  
Dean Blumberg ◽  
Satyan Lakshminrusimha
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Older Children ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
United States Food ◽  
States Food ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
The Impact

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has swept across the world like an indiscriminating wildfire. Pregnant women and neonates are particularly vulnerable to this infection compared with older children and healthy young adults, with unique challenges in their management. Unfamiliarity with the consequences of this novel virus and lack of high-quality data led to considerable heterogeneity in obstetrical and neonatal management early in the pandemic. The aim of the this review is to summarize the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on pregnancy and childbirth and to examine care and possible outcomes for neonates with Covid-19-positive mothers. A brief review of vaccines currently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for emergency use and their potential effects on pregnant and lactating women in included.

Abstract 109: Pediatric CPR in the Emergency Department: Initial Findings From the Videography in Pediatric Emergency Research Collaborative

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 138 (Suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen J O’Connell ◽  
Benjamin T Kerrey ◽  
Sage R Myers ◽  
Alexis B Sandler ◽  
Richard Hanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Pediatric Emergency ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Older Children ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Video Review ◽  
Cpr Quality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Monitor Device

Introduction: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is frequently performed in a manner inconsistent with American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines. Published studies on CPR quality during pediatric cardiac arrest using chest compression (CC) monitor devices have reported data in aggregate form from entire CPR events. The addition of video review allows precise measurement of CPR quality at the level of individual providers. Hypothesis: To measure individual healthcare providers’ (HCP) CPR quality during pediatric cardiac arrest events in actual patients in the emergency department (PED) and describe adherence to AHA guidelines. Methods: A report from the Videography in Pediatric Emergency Resuscitation (VIPER) Collaborative, a prospective observational database from three tertiary PEDs. All study sites videorecord and review resuscitations and use a pressure sensor/monitor device during CPR. All events where chest compressions (CC) were performed under videorecorded conditions with the monitor device in use were eligible for inclusion. Data on CPR performance was collected by a combination of video review and monitor device; CC rate and depth and ventilation rate were extracted in time periods corresponding to individual CPR providers. CPR segments were defined as ‘high-quality’ if all AHA guidelines were achieved (CC rate 100-120 cpm; CC depth >= 1.5 inches for infants or >= 2 inches for children; ventilation rate 8-12 bpm, no pauses > 10 seconds). Results: Between August 2016 and April 2018, complete data was available for 31 events (infants: n=5; older children: n=6). 279 compression segments were analyzed. Median CC rate was 119 cpm (IQR 110 – 129); median depth was 1.0 inches in infants (IQR 0.85 – 1.2) and 2.1 inches in older children (IQR 1.4 – 2.4). Median ventilation rate was 15 bpm (IQR 10 - 30). 22/279 (8%) compression segments met all criteria for high-quality CPR. Conclusions: PED HCPs infrequently met AHA guidelines for CPR quality. Future studies using video review and CC monitor data collection should examine the impact of specific training strategies on provider-level CPR performance during pediatric cardiac arrest.

Friendships and Social Interactions of School-Aged Children With Migraine

Cephalalgia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 734-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Vannatta ◽  
EA Getzoff ◽  
DK Gilman ◽  
RB Noll ◽  
CA Gerhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Functioning ◽  
Older Children ◽  
School Students ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
School Based ◽  
Behavioural Difficulties ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than

We set out to evaluate the friendships and social behaviour of school-aged children with migraine. Concern exists regarding the impact of paediatric migraine on daily activities and quality of life. We hypothesized that children with migraine would have fewer friends and be identified as more socially sensitive and isolated than comparison peers. Sixty-nine children with migraine participated in a school-based study of social functioning. A comparison sample without migraine included classmates matched for gender, race and age. Children with migraine had fewer friends at school; however, this effect was limited to those in elementary school. Behavioural difficulties were not found. Middle-school students with migraine were identified by peers as displaying higher levels of leadership and popularity than comparison peers. Concern may be warranted about the social functioning of pre-adolescent children with migraine; however, older children with migraine may function as well as or better than their peers.

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