scholarly journals O le Aso Ma le Filiga, O le Aso Mata’igatila. A qualitative study looking at Samoan language maintenance within second generation households

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Leitumalo Paongo-Parsons
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Heritage Languages ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Endangered Language ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand

<p>Samoan language within Aotearoa New Zealand has been labelled as “at risk” of becoming an endangered language if language shift continues (Hunkin, 2012; Wilson, 2017). Language shift or language loss is defined as when a speech community gradually stops using one of its two languages in favour of the other, in this case English (Ravindrantha, 2009). The Samoan population is the largest community of the Pacific diaspora living in Aotearoa New Zealand. However, the use and maintenance of the Samoan language is rapidly declining. Although community-led initiatives have led to establishing of Aoga ‘Amata (Samoan language and culture immersion preschool), Pacific Islands Early Childhood Association (PIECA) and the establishing of Samoan Studies departments within tertiary institutions, there continues to be an urgent need for government support and the implementation of Pacific language policies to ensure the continued use and protection of Samoan and other Pacific languages within the realm of Aotearoa New Zealand.  The three research questions framing this investigation are as follows:  1. How do the second and third generation Samoans view language and culture as contributing to their identity?  2. Where are second and third generation Samoans using and learning Samoan? 3. Is there a relationship between wellbeing and language shift?  O le Filiga Afa, a qualitative research methodology, was born out of this research in response to the need for a culturally responsive framework. Data was gathered through focus group and one-to-one discussions and included New Zealand - born Samoan - speaking and non-Samoan - speaking Samoan participants. Key findings from this study include:  • All participants had a deep yearning for maintaining and revitalising their heritage languages;  • Language, culture and identity are intertwined and cannot be separated from one another; • The role of elders, genealogy and the connection to culture contributes significantly towards the reinforcing and the maintenance of the Samoan language. • A strong connection can be found between language shift and one’s wellbeing</p>

scholarly journals O le Aso Ma le Filiga, O le Aso Mata’igatila. A qualitative study looking at Samoan language maintenance within second generation households

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Leitumalo Paongo-Parsons
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Heritage Languages ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Endangered Language ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand

<p>Samoan language within Aotearoa New Zealand has been labelled as “at risk” of becoming an endangered language if language shift continues (Hunkin, 2012; Wilson, 2017). Language shift or language loss is defined as when a speech community gradually stops using one of its two languages in favour of the other, in this case English (Ravindrantha, 2009). The Samoan population is the largest community of the Pacific diaspora living in Aotearoa New Zealand. However, the use and maintenance of the Samoan language is rapidly declining. Although community-led initiatives have led to establishing of Aoga ‘Amata (Samoan language and culture immersion preschool), Pacific Islands Early Childhood Association (PIECA) and the establishing of Samoan Studies departments within tertiary institutions, there continues to be an urgent need for government support and the implementation of Pacific language policies to ensure the continued use and protection of Samoan and other Pacific languages within the realm of Aotearoa New Zealand.  The three research questions framing this investigation are as follows:  1. How do the second and third generation Samoans view language and culture as contributing to their identity?  2. Where are second and third generation Samoans using and learning Samoan? 3. Is there a relationship between wellbeing and language shift?  O le Filiga Afa, a qualitative research methodology, was born out of this research in response to the need for a culturally responsive framework. Data was gathered through focus group and one-to-one discussions and included New Zealand - born Samoan - speaking and non-Samoan - speaking Samoan participants. Key findings from this study include:  • All participants had a deep yearning for maintaining and revitalising their heritage languages;  • Language, culture and identity are intertwined and cannot be separated from one another; • The role of elders, genealogy and the connection to culture contributes significantly towards the reinforcing and the maintenance of the Samoan language. • A strong connection can be found between language shift and one’s wellbeing</p>

Unfolding tensions within post-settlement governance and tribal economies in Aotearoa New Zealand

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Paul Mika ◽  
Graham Hingangaroa Smith ◽  
Annemarie Gillies ◽  
Fiona Wiremu
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Wealth Distribution ◽  
Transformative Change ◽  
New Governance ◽  
Wealth Creation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Citizens ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Governance Models

Purpose This paper aims to examine indigenous governance and economies of iwi Maori (Maori tribes) in Aotearoa New Zealand. Research into persisting inequities amongst iwi that have settled treaty claims and the potential for intervention through new governance models and indigenous entrepreneurship contextualise the paper. Design/methodology/approach Kaupapa Maori (Maori philosophy) is used as an indigenous methodology to facilitate and empower transformative change, underpinned by Maori knowledge, language and culture. A multi-level approach is used to collect data from international, national and local tribal organisations. Validity is established through stakeholder engagement. Findings A central challenge in the post-treaty settlement context is exponentialising tribal capabilities because of the multiple purposes ascribed to post-settled iwi. Four themes, characterised as “unfolding tensions”, offer a critique and basis for solving tribal development challenges: how do tribes create culturally grounded global citizens; how do tribes rebalance wealth creation and wealth distribution; how do tribes recalibrate tribal institutions; and how do tribes embed entrepreneurship and innovation within their economies? Research limitations/implications As data collection is still underway, the paper is conceptual. Practical implications Five strategies to address unfolding tensions are identified for tribes to consider. Social implications Tribal governors and tribal members are implicated in the analysis, as well as the architects of post-treaty settlement governance models. Originality/value The paper contributes to theorising about tribal governance, economies and entrepreneurship.

Beyond Legitimation: A Tribal Response to Māori Education in Aotearoa New Zealand

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huia Tomlins Jahnke
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
The Core ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Overwhelming Evidence ◽  
Cultural Standards ◽  
Tribal Region

This article describes an intervention strategy, initiated under the New Zealand Government's tribal partnership scheme, which promotes a culture-based/place-based approach to education in mainstream schools and early childhood centres in one tribal region. Through place-based education children are immersed in local heritage, including language and culture, landscapes, opportunities and experiences. The strategy is a tribal response to the overwhelming evidence of Māori underachievement in education in the tribal catchment. A case study is presented of a place-based/culture-based initiative called the Ngāti Kahungunu Cultural Standards Project (NKCSP). It is argued that the development of cultural standards offers an opportunity by which teachers and others within the education sector can develop and incorporate practice that reflects, promotes and values the student's culture. The core assumption underpinning the project is that cultural knowledge contributes to Māori student success in education.

scholarly journals Māori Performing Arts and the Weaving Together of Local, National and International Communities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jonathon Avery
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Performing Arts ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
School Of Music ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Art Form ◽  
Performance Context ◽  
And Performance

<p>Māori performing arts provides a valuable contribution to Aotearoa New Zealand society. Māori performing arts has an intrinsic link to Māori culture and is used to connect 1) Māori who are disengaged from iwi/hapu/whanau, as well as 2) non-Māori, in New Zealand and around the world with Māori culture. Performance genres such as waiata-a-ringa, haka and mōteatea contain a body of knowledge that communicate Māori ways of being and doing and provide participants with an opportunity to become connected to a culturally literate and informed community. Using ethnographic techniques of participant observation, interviews and performance, this thesis examines the experiences of individuals who engage with Māori performing arts and the meaning they attribute to their engagement with the art form. Drawing on contemporary ideas of community and meaning, this thesis also investigates how Māori performing arts builds and strengthens relationships and whanaungatanga by connecting participants to local, national and international Aotearoa New Zealand communities. This thesis draws on two contexts in Wellington where people engage with Māori performing arts - The Ngāti Pōneke Young Māori Club at Pipitea marae and Te Kōkī New Zealand School of Music. Along with exploring two Māori performance context in detail, this these explores how Māori performing arts is used as a platform to educate participants about Māori knowledge, language and culture while also discussing how Māori performing arts is used to symbolise and represent Aotearoa New Zealand nationally and internationally.</p>

“We are not privileged enough to have that foundation of language”: Pasifika young adults share their deep concerns about the decline of their ancestral/heritage languages in Aotearoa New Zealand

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-139
Author(s):  
Lina-Jodi Vaine Samu ◽  
Helen Moewaka Barnes ◽  
Lanuola Asiasiga ◽  
Tim McCreanor
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
National Language ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
Focus Group Interviews ◽  
Heritage Languages ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Group Interviews

Focus group interviews conducted with Aotearoa New Zealand–born Pasifika young adults aged 18–25 years highlighted their intense apprehension about the diminishing abilities of New Zealand–born Pasifika people to speak their ancestral/heritage Pasifika languages in Aotearoa. Some Pasifika languages are also declining at their homeland wellsprings. There has been no comprehensive strategic national language policy developed in New Zealand where Pasifika heritage and other community languages can flourish. New Zealand appears to default to a monocultural given where English prevails without critique. Minority languages are battling it out with each other for legitimacy of existence. Resulting from New Zealand’s failure to create a comprehensive languages strategy for all, younger generations of Pasifika neither have fluency in their ancestral languages which impact negatively on their identity security and their ability to attain critical fluency in English to thrive as their migrant parents and grandparents envisioned they would in Aotearoa New Zealand.

scholarly journals Covid-19 outbreak reflects inequities in health and socioeconomic disadvantage in Aotearoa/New Zealand and the Pacific Islands

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 475-476
Author(s):  
Colin Tukuitonga ◽  
Alec Ekeroma
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Socioeconomic Disadvantage ◽  
Pacific People ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Timely Reminder

The Covid-19 outbreak in Aotearoa/New Zealand is a timely reminder of the chronic inequities in health and the importance of socioeconomic factors in the origins of the disease. The pandemic has affected mainly indigenous Maori and Pacific people.  There were 5,371 confirmed and probable cases of Covid-19 as at 13 November 2021, of which 2,104 (39%) were in Maori and 1,646 (31%) were in Pacific people.  Furthermore, 228 (70%) of all hospital admissions were Maori and Pacific people

scholarly journals Commissioned for Mission: the Co-Relation between Mission Theology and Praxis in Contemporary Aotearoa New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Anne Grace Hadfield
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Mission Theology ◽  
Cultural Shock ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Personal Stories ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
London Missionary Society

<p>In the 1993-4 Northern Hemisphere academic year, I had the privilege of studying at Birmingham University and the Mission Studies department of the Selly Oak Colleges. I also had the opportunity to peruse original letters and reports from London Missionary Society and Church Missionary Society missionaries who came to Aotearoa New Zealand and the Pacific Islands last century. The content of these documents revealed personal stories of dramatic proportions; childbirth, death, drownings, loneliness and cultural shock. Alongside the personal stories lay the pragmatic accounts of establishing schools and mission stations with appropriate accompanying statistics in order to ensure continued funding Interwoven throughout were intensely evangelical sentiments about the salvation of the heathen.</p>

scholarly journals Notes Towards a New Agenda for Policy-Making in Aotearoa/New Zealand

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Lauder
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Educational Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
National Curriculum ◽  
The State ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Current Direction ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Post Industrial

As the smoke cleared away from the battlefield during the truce of Christmas 1992, a degree of clarity began to emerge about the state of education in New Zealand. After four years of struggle it became apparent that however the outstanding issues were resolved in 1993 there would be legacy of problems, largely but not wholly, associated with those reforms that sought to turn education into a market and knowledge into a commodity. Not all reforms were tarnished by the market brush. Some, like the development of the national curriculum, appeared to be serendipitous, while others like government support for more Kura Kaupapa Schools betokened a degree of tolerance and understanding not, hitherto, associated with recent educational policymaking. Yet others, were clearly glossed by market policies but betokened the deeper trends of post-industrial society - the rise in tertiary enrolments for example. 1993 is, of course, a key year, for an election at least allows the possibility of taking stock of the current direction of educational policy. Equally importantly, it is women's suffrage year and many of the educational problems that now comfront us are ones women, in one way or another will ultimately have to cope with.

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