"Effects of Short Rest Intervals on Body Composition, Hormonal Response and Strength During High-Load Resistance Trainings"

AIM: The aim of this study was to examine whether the addition of high-load resistance exercises to a high-intensity functional training (HIFT) program elicits further improvements in physical fitness-related parameters and body composition. Material & Method: Twenty recreationally active volunteers (8 male, 12 female; age, 30 ± 4 y; body mass, 65.8 ± 12.7 kg; height, 167 ± 7 cm) were randomly assigned to a HIFT-control (HIFT-C, n = 10) or HIFT-power group (HIFT-P, n = 10) and trained 3 times per week for 8 weeks. The HIFT-C protocol consisted of four rounds of an 8-exercise circuit (30:15 s work:rest, 2 min rest after round 2), which included clean-and-press jump box, TRX chest press, wall ball throws, burpees, repeated 10 m sprints, sumo squat-and-upright row (at 65% 1RM), and abdominal crunches. The HIFT-P group replaced the TRX chest press with bench chest press and the squat-and-upright row with squat at 80% 1RM. Before and after training, participants underwent evaluation of body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), vertical jump, 1RM bench press, and maximum number of abdominal crunches in 1 min. Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA was used to analyze results. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: After 8 weeks the following parameters improved in both groups: VO2max (5.2 ± 5.4%, p = 0.003), squat jump (10.9 ± 9.8%, p < 0.001), countermovement jump (8.0 ± 6.0%, p < 0.001), bench press 1RM (18.6 ± 19.6%, p < 0.001), and body fat mass (0.82 ± 1.65 kg, p < 0.001). However, muscle mass increased only in HIFT-P (3.3 ± 2.3%, p = 0.002) and abdominal muscle endurance improved only in HIFT-C (16.2 ± 12.2%, p = 0.002). Conclusions: Short-term HIFT resulted in improvements in whole-body cardiorespiratory and neuromuscular fitness and reduction of body fat. The addition of high-load resistance exercises to a HIFT training program was well tolerated and resulted in increased muscle mass.

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Low-Load vs. High-Load Resistance Training to Failure on One Repetition Maximum Strength and Body Composition in Untrained Women

The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research ◽

10.1519/jsc.0000000000003194 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (7) ◽

pp. 1737-1744 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Taylor K. Dinyer ◽

M. Travis Byrd ◽

Matthew J. Garver ◽

Alex J. Rickard ◽

William M. Miller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Load Resistance ◽

High Load ◽

Maximum Strength ◽

Repetition Maximum ◽

Low Load

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Effects of volume-matched resistance training with different loads on glycemic control, inflammation, and body composition in prediabetic older adults

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2021-0355 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shun-Hsi Tsai ◽

Hao-Chien Cheng ◽

HUNG-WEN LIU

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Body Composition ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Load Resistance ◽

High Load ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Low Load

The purpose of the investigation was to examine the influence of resistance training (RT) with equal volume and varying load on glycemic control, inflammation, and body composition in non-obese prediabetic older adults. Non-obese older adults with prediabetes were randomized into two groups – high-load (80% 1RM) and low-load (40% of 1RM) RT (n=12/group), both with the same training volume. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and blood samples were collected at baseline and again after 10 weeks of RT. Fasting plasma glucose (103.8 vs. 99.9 mg/dL) and the area under the curve (AUC) of OGTT (0-30min) decreased significantly in older adults with prediabetes after 10-weeks of volume-matched RT (p < 0.05). Serum levels of MCP-1 (138.7 vs. 98.5 pg/mL) and TNF-α (1.8 vs. 1.3 pg/mL) showed significant decrease after 10-weeks of high-load RT (p < 0.05). There were no changes in IL-10, IL-6, and CRP levels in both groups. Leptin showed significant decrease after 10-weeks of low-load RT (p < 0.05). Changes in fasting glucose and AUC of OGTT (0-120 min) were positively correlated with changes in MCP-1 and TNF-α (p < 0.05). Lean body mass (39.6 vs. 40.3 kg) increased significantly after 10-weeks of volume-matched RT (p < 0.05). Results indicate that equal-volume RT at different loads is beneficial to glycemic control and muscle growth, and high-load RT shows more prominent anti-inflammatory effects. Novelty: ●Short-term high-load resistance training can help older adults bring their blood sugar level back to normal. ●High-load resistance training attenuates aging-associated chronic inflammation.

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Electromyographic And Mechanomyographic Responses During Three Sets To Failure Of Low- Versus High-load Resistance Training.

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000479271.43536.30 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 935

Author(s):

Nathaniel D.M. Jenkins ◽

Jessie M. Miller ◽

Noelle Yeo ◽

Cory M. Smith ◽

Ethan C. Hill ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Training ◽

Load Resistance ◽

High Load

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Effects of FFP2/N95 face mask on low- and high-load resistance exercise performance in recreational weight lifters

European Journal of Sport Science ◽

10.1080/17461391.2021.1953613 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Bruno Viana Rosa ◽

Fabrício Eduardo Rossi ◽

Helton Pereira dos Santos Nunes de Moura ◽

Arilene Maria da Silva Santos ◽

Acácio Salvador Véras-Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Exercise ◽

Exercise Performance ◽

Face Mask ◽

Load Resistance ◽

High Load ◽

Weight Lifters

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Low-load resistance training with low relative pressure produces muscular changes similar to high-load resistance training

Muscle & Nerve ◽

10.1002/mus.25626 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 56 (6) ◽

pp. E126-E133 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Daeyeol Kim ◽

Jeremy P. Loenneke ◽

Xin Ye ◽

Debra A. Bemben ◽

Travis W. Beck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Training ◽

Load Resistance ◽

High Load ◽

Relative Pressure ◽

Low Load

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Blood Flow Restriction Therapy Impact on Musculoskeletal Strength and Mass

Video Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/26350254211032681 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (5) ◽

pp. 263502542110326

Author(s):

Steven R. Dayton ◽

Simon J. Padanilam ◽

Tyler C. Sylvester ◽

Michael J. Boctor ◽

Vehniah K. Tjong

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Load Resistance ◽

High Load ◽

Blood Flow Restriction ◽

Occlusion Pressure ◽

Total Occlusion ◽

Flow Restriction ◽

Low Load

Background: Blood flow restriction (BFR) training restricts arterial inflow and venous outflow from the extremity and can produce gains in muscle strength at low loads. Low-load training reduces joint stress and decreases cardiovascular risk when compared with high-load training, thus making BFR an excellent option for many patients requiring rehabilitation. Indications: Blood flow restriction has shown clinical benefit in a variety of patient populations including healthy patients as well as those with osteoarthritis, anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, polymyositis/dermatomyositis, and Achilles tendon rupture. Technique Description: This video demonstrates BFR training in 3 clinical areas: upper extremity resistance training, lower extremity resistance training, and low-intensity cycling. All applications of BFR first require determination of total occlusion pressure. Upper extremity training requires inflating the tourniquet to 50% of total occlusion pressure, while lower extremity exercises use 80% of total occlusion pressure. Low-load resistance training exercises follow a specific repetition scheme: 30 reps followed by a 30-second rest and then 3 sets of 15 reps with 30-seconds rest between each. During cycle training, 80% total occlusion pressure is used as the patient cycles for 15 minutes without rest. Results: Augmenting low-load resistance training with BFR increases muscle strength when compared with low-load resistance alone. In addition, low-load BFR has demonstrated an increase in muscle mass greater than low-load training alone and equivalent to high-load training absent BFR. A systematic review determined the safety of low-load training with BFR is comparable to traditional high-intensity resistance training. The most common adverse effects include exercise intolerance, discomfort, and dull pain which are also frequent in patients undergoing traditional resistance training. Severe adverse effects including deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and rhabdomyolysis are exceedingly rare, less than 0.006% according to a national survey. Patients undergoing BFR rehabilitation experience less perceived exertion and demonstrate decreased pain scores compared with high-load resistance training. Conclusion: Blood flow restriction training is an effective alternative to high-load resistance training for patients requiring musculoskeletal rehabilitation for multiple disease processes as well as in the perioperative setting. Blood flow restriction has been shown to be a safe training modality when managed by properly trained physical therapists and athletic trainers.

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An Air Layer Modeling Approach for Air and Air/Vacuum Bearings

Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.2831118 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 119 (3) ◽

pp. 388-392

Author(s):

J. M. Pitarresi ◽

K. A. Haller

Keyword(s):

Load Capacity ◽

Load Resistance ◽

High Load ◽

Air Bearing ◽

Air Bearings ◽

Bearing Surface ◽

Know How ◽

Modeling Approach ◽

Vibrational Characteristics ◽

High Load Capacity

Air layer supported bearing pads, or “air bearings” as they are commonly called, are popular because of their high load capacity and low in-plane coefficient of friction, making them well suited for supporting moving, high accuracy manufacturing stages. Air/vacuum bearings enhance these capabilities by giving the bearing pad load resistance capacity in both the upward and downward directions. Consequently, it is desirable to know how to model the air layer between the bearing pad and the bearing surface. In this paper, a simple finite element modeling approach is presented for investigating the vibrational characteristics of an air layer supported bearing. It was found that by modeling the air layer as a bed of uniform springs who’s stiffness is determined by load-displacement tests of the bearing, a reasonable representation of the response can be obtained. For a bearing supported by air without vacuum, the dynamic response was very similar to that of a freely supported bearing. The addition of vacuum to an air bearing was found to significantly lower its fundamental frequency which could lead to unwanted resonance problems.

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