Positioning of technological processes in the structure of transport systems

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-189
Author(s):  
J. Augutis ◽  
E. Ušpuras ◽  
R. Krikštolaitis ◽  
V. Matuzas

Performing risk analysis of systems, evaluating reliability of technological objects, hazard of technological processes, we usually have to systems of network type and distribution of various processes in such systems. A well-known mathematical apparatus of diffusive processes example is dispersion in continuum medium (air, water, etc.). Process distribution in network systems is simpler, however, it much depends on network features. In this article theory of Markov chains is selected, distributions of different processes in transitional regimes are analysed as well as issues of their stability. Created models may be used in many different ways, for example, for the analysis or viruses in computer networks, hazard distribution in transport systems regarding transportation of hazardous materials, etc.


2021 ◽  
pp. 184-194
Author(s):  
А.П. Шрамко

С ростом экономического потенциала страны, реализацией масштабных инфраструктурных проектов актуализируются проблемы оптимизации многоуровневых и многоэтапных управленческих решений на основе методов математического моделирования. В работе исследуются оптимизационные подходы к моделированию региональных и локальных транспортных систем с использованием принципов динамического программирования при соотнесении объемов грузопотоков провозному потенциалу транспортных системы с определением оптимального маршрута движения потока. Принимая во внимание, что транспорт не создает новых вещественных ценностей, а только их перемещает в пространстве предлагаемые подходы организации, планирования и управления создадут условия для получения существенного эффекта на основе оптимизации прогнозирования и совершенствования организационного механизма управления транспорто – технологическими процессами. Излагаются общие принципы построения модели динамического программирования применительно к региональной и локальной транспортной системам, при распределении ресурсов между различными объектами, их использования по уточнённым периодам времени, для получения максимального эффекта от принятого способа распределения. Обосновано прикладное использование моделей динамического программирования, при организации и исследовании, несмотря на то, что базовые параметры ограничены размерностью переменной состояния системы. Вместе с тем данное обстоятельство не снижает ценности и практической значимости метода, а позволяет провести границу между областями динамического программирования и другими математическими методами, с обоснованием преимуществ и прикладного универсального значения. Предлагается методический инструментарий повышения эффективности региональной и локальных транспортных систем при тенденции к общем увеличении грузооборота. With the growth of the economic potential of the country, the implementation of large-scale infrastructure projects is updated to optimize multi-level and multi-step management solutions based on mathematical modeling methods. The paper explores optimization approaches to modeling regional and local transport systems using the principles of dynamic programming in relation to the volume of freight traffic volumetric potential of transport systems with the definition of the optimal flow route. Taking into account that transport does not create new real values, but only they move them in space. The proposed approaches of the organization, planning and management will create conditions for obtaining a significant effect on the basis of optimizing forecasting and improving the organizational mechanism of transport management - technological processes. General principles for building a dynamic programming model in relation to regional and local transport systems, when distributing resources between different objects, their use on refined periods of time, to obtain a maximum effect from the received distribution method. Applied use of models of dynamic programming, with the organization and study, despite the fact that the basic parameters are limited to the dimension of the system status variable. At the same time, this circumstance does not reduce the value and practical significance of the method A, makes it possible to carry out the border between the areas of dynamic programming and other mathematical methods, with the rationale for the advantages and applied universal value. A methodological toolkit of increasing the efficiency of regional and local transport systems with a tendency to a general increase in cargo turnover is proposed.


The article is devoted to reengineering of technological processes - a method of their qualitative transformation on an innovative basis, which in turn assumes the availability of tools that make it possible to establish the economic efficiency and technical capability of such transformations of construction production, to identify the effect of their implementation. In this regard, the problem of forming a parametric model of reengineering of construction technological processes, which involves four enlarged groups of indicators that reflect the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the processes: materials used, working time, machine time, spatial organization, is considered. It is established that parameters can have either an absolute (physical, cost) or relative (point, percentage) expression and also make their own decomposition. The practical significance of the provisions given in the article is determined by the development of methods of technical rationing, which leads to a reduction in the cost and duration of construction.


Author(s):  
Andrew Thacker

This innovative book examines the development of modernism in four European cities: London, Paris, Berlin, and Vienna. Focusing upon how literary and cultural outsiders represented various spaces in these cities, it draws upon contemporary theories of affect, mood, and literary geography to offer an original account of the geographical emotions of modernism. It considers three broad features of urban modernism: the built environment of the particular cities, such as cafés or transport systems; the cultural institutions of publishing that underpinned the development of modernism in these locations; and the complex perceptions of writers and artists who were outsiders to the four cities. Particular attention is thus given to the transnational qualities of modernism by examining figures whose view of the cities considered is that of migrants, exiles, or strangers. The writers and artists discussed include Mulk Raj Anand, Gwendolyn Bennett, Bryher, Blaise Cendrars, Joseph Conrad, T. S. Eliot, Christopher Isherwood, Hope Mirlees, Noami Mitchison, Jean Rhys, Sam Selon, and Stephen Spender.


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