scholarly journals Pharmaceuticals and personal care products as emerging micropollutants in Brazilian surface waters: a preliminary snapshot on environmental contamination and risks

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1SI) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Fabriz Sodré ◽  
Priscila Mendonça Dutra ◽  
Viviane Portela Dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Personal Care Products ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Effect Concentration

The present work intended to present a preliminary snapshot on the contamination of Brazilian surface waters by pharmaceuticals and personal care products. Data were collected elsewhere for Measured Environmental Concentrations (MEC) in surface waters and Predicted No-Effect Concentration (PNEC). Prioritization was based on risk assessment, where MEC/PNEC ratios higher than 1.0 indicate a positive risk, values below 0.1 indicate absence of risk and intermediate values, potential risk. Results revealed that hormones, antibiotics drugs and triclosan should be prioritized to subsidize the generation of water quality standards to protect aquatic life.

scholarly journals Arsenic pollution in Quaternary sediments and water near a former gold mine

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Stachnik ◽  
Bartosz Korabiewski ◽  
Jerzy Raczyk ◽  
Michał Łopuch ◽  
Iwo Wieczorek
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Arsenic Contamination ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Quaternary Sediments

Abstract Contamination of water and sediments with arsenic and heavy metals is a global issue affecting human health. Regions covered with Quaternary deposits have received little attention from the point of view of the flux of arsenic and heavy metals from sediments to surface water. This study aims to determine the flux of arsenic and other heavy metals from Quaternary sediments to surface waters in an area affected by the former Złoty Stok gold and arsenic mine. Contamination in surface waters and sediments was caused by arsenic, whereas concentrations of metals were usually within water quality standards. Arsenic contamination of surface water increased in the lower part of the basin covered by Quaternary sediments, and exceeded water quality standards by 2 orders of magnitude. Arsenic mass flux exceeded 8 kg/day near the confluence of the Trująca River with the Nysa Kłodzka, a main tributary of the Oder River. An increase in arsenic concentration in the lower part of the basin is related to mine tailings and preferential flow of groundwater through Quaternary sediments. In future, water resources scarcity may lead to an increase in arsenic contamination in surface and groundwater.

Ecotoxicological effects, water quality standards and risk assessment for the anti-diabetic metformin

2018 ◽  
Vol 243 ◽  
pp. 534-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Andrade Godoy ◽  
Inês Domingues ◽  
António José Arsénia Nogueira ◽  
Fábio Kummrow
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Ecotoxicological Effects

Pollutant Toxicity to Aquatic Animals - Methods of Study and Their Applications

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Abel
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Sublethal Toxicity ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Aquatic Animals ◽  
Lethal Toxicity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Toxicological Data

AbstractThe toxicity of water pollutants to aquatic animals is reviewed, with particular emphasis on methods for measuring lethal toxicity, factors influencing toxicity, the measurement of chronic and sublethal toxicity, and the role of toxicological data in formulating water quality standards. Methods for measuring lethal toxicity are well established and have been applied to a wide range of fish and invertebrate species. Their applications and limitations are discussed. The measurement of sublethal toxicity employs very diverse techniques ranging from biochemical to the use of experimental ecosystems. Profitable techniques are those which possess one or more of the characteristics: sensitivity, specificity, ecological relevance. A large data base now exists on the toxicity of pollutants to aquatic species, singly and in combination, and on the effects of environmental conditions, and interspecific and intraspecific biotic factors. Toxicological data and information from field studies are complementary, and their use in formulating water quality standards for the preservation of aquatic life is discussed.

Formulation of Water Quality Standards to Protect Aquatic Life

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (S1) ◽  
pp. 83-84
Author(s):  
R Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Tissue Concentration ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Significant Extent ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
General Rules

Water quality standards for aquatic life protection are required only for those chemicals which are likely to occur in harmful concentrations within the aquatic environment. The first requirement is to define the extent to which the aquatic ecosystem is to be protected; three broad categories which might be appropriate are described. The appropriate standard should be set on the basis of a 95 percentile compliance. This concentration might be greater than the NOEC for the most sensitive life stage of the most sensitive species, as measured by exposure to a constant concentration of the chemical under laboratory conditions. The standards should be firmly based on laboratory and field data, and be internally consistent. Some recent EPA standards have erred in this respect. Two general rules which apply to the validity of standards are outlined. Standards should take into account the effect of significant modifying variables such as water hardness and pH. The application of safety factors to the NOEC depends in part on the value of the resource to be protected. For those substances which are bioaccumulated to a significant extent, standards should be based on animal tissue concentration and not on aqueous concentration.

China is establishing its water quality standards for enhancing protection of aquatic life in freshwater ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 413-422
Author(s):  
Fuhong Sun ◽  
Yunsong Mu ◽  
Kenneth M.Y. Leung ◽  
Hailei Su ◽  
Fengchang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Aquatic Life
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