scholarly journals Polifonia pamięci w reportażu Magdaleny Grzebałkowskiej "1945. Wojna i pokój"

2021 ◽  
pp. 225-248
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Łasińska
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Person ◽  
The Other ◽  
War And Peace

The article is an analysis of Magdalena Grzebałkowska’s book Poland 1945: war and peace and aims to examine the categories of memory present in it. The author, based on chosen characters, describes several kinds of memory: of a child, of an elderly person, and of the other. The aim of the analysis is to point the presence of various forms of memory in the book and to illustrate their polyphony.

The New Law of Armed Conflict

1978 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 3-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Green
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Intermediate State ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
The Other ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Law Of Armed Conflict ◽  
The Law ◽  
Court Of Appeal

In HisDe Jure Belli ac Paris, Grotius, quoting Cicero, stated that “there is no Middle between War and Peace,” and this sentiment seems to have received general agreement well into the twentieth century. Thus, inJansonv.Driefontein Consolidated Mines, Lord Macnaghten stated: “I think the learned counsel for the respondent was right in saying that the law recognises a state of peace and a state of war, but that it knows nothing of an intermediate state which is neither one thing nor the other — neither peace nor war.” One might have thought that the English courts would have abandoned this view in the light of their own experience during the Manchukuo incident, for by 1939 inKawasaki Kisen Kabushiki Kaisha of Kobev.Bantham S.S. Co.the Court of Appeal was prepared to concede that “war” might exist for some commercial purposes but not in so far as other legal relationships were concerned.

Varieties Of Aesthetic Experience

Philosophy ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 30 (114) ◽  
pp. 238-248
Author(s):  
D. L. Pole
Keyword(s):  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distinguishing Characteristic ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Good Fortune ◽  
In Virtue Of ◽  
Single Question

The traditional business of aestheticians has been to supply an answer to the question, “What is art?” A single question is put, and apparently it is assumed—though recently the assumption has been fairly widely challenged—that there is a single answer to be supplied; that there is one definition or one essence of art from which all its properties can be shown to derive. However the problem is also quite frequently reformulated: some theorists prefer to ask, “What is aesthetic experience?” Here we find a second assumption: it seems to be taken for granted that it is appropriate to put either one question or the other, but not both; aesthetic experience having been characterized, art can be denned in terms of it, or vice versa. And it is assumed here, as before, that there is one essential answer to give. It is supposed, that is to say, that all aesthetic experience— the experience of reading War and Peace or Herrick’s two lines Of Julia, Weeping, the experience of looking at York Minster or the pattern on the carpet, if by good fortune the carpet is well designed— has some one distinguishing characteristic in all instances, in virtue of which alone they are to be called aesthetic.

Enlightenment Infinitesimals and Tolstoy’s War and Peace

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-451
Author(s):  
Russell Winslow ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Mathematical Problem ◽  
Human Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Human Reason ◽  
Extreme Form ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The One

During the Enlightenment period the concept of the infinitesimal was developed as a means to solve the mathematical problem of the incommensurability between human reason and the movements of physical beings. In this essay, the author analyzes the metaphysical prejudices subtending Enlightenment Humanism through the lens of the infinitesimal calculus. One of the consequences of this analysis is the perception of a two-fold possibility occasioned by the infinitesimal. On the one hand, it occasions an extreme form of humanism, “transhumanism,” which exhibits limitless confidence in the possibility of human science. On the other hand, the concept of the infinitesimal also contains within itself a source for a critical “posthumanism,” that is to say, a source which initiates the dissolution of the presuppositions of humanism while simultaneously announcing a different ontological organization. In , Tostoy’s novel takes up the problem of the relation between reason and motion and makes the two-fold possibility visible by presenting a contrast between its theoretical presentations and the lived experiences of the characters in the novel. Thus, is the setting in which the author has chosen to conduct this analysis.

scholarly journals Philology as an Experience of Reading

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-104
Author(s):  
Vitalij Makhlin
Keyword(s):  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Reading Experience ◽  
Concrete Experience

The article is an attempt to understand and evaluate Sergey Bocharov’s critical activities and heritage from the point of view of some contemporary problems in human and philological studies. What was and comparatively is quite original in Bocharov’s articles and books, it is, I believe, his approach to a literary text, beginning with his early little book about Tolstoy’s «War and Peace», where this scholar tried to combine his research with his concrete experience of a «common reader». This approach, it seems, allowed him to avoid the two extremes in recent literary studies, namely, abstract theoretism, on one hand, and abstract positivism, on the other. In this sense, Bocharov’s heritage may help us today to return to some «pre-scientific», but scholarly forms of textual analysis in philology based on the reading experience itself.

scholarly journals Violência e fragilidade na pessoa idosa

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Clemente dos Santos ◽  
Rejane Maria Paiva de Menezes ◽  
Rafaella Guilherme Gonçalves ◽  
Jessyka Chaves da Silva ◽  
Jank Landy Simôa Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frail Elderly ◽  
Nursing Practice ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Elderly Person ◽  
Exposure To Violence ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Other ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Measurement Scales ◽  
The Relationship

RESUMO Objetivo: evidenciar a relação entre a fragilidade e a vulnerabilidade da pessoa idosa violentada. Método: estudo bibliográfico, do tipo revisão integrativa. Foram consultadas, no período de agosto a setembro de 2017, as bases de dados CINAHL, PubMed/MEDLINE, SCOPUS®, LILACS e Web Of Sience, utilizando-se os descritores violência/violence e idoso fragilizado/frail elderly e localizando, ao término da busca, o total de dez manuscritos. Resultados: dos manuscritos que contemplaram a amostra, apenas três elucidaram claramente a existência da relação entre a violência e a fragilidade, no entanto, esses artigos não utilizaram escalas de mensuração para ambos fenômenos concomitantes. Os demais estudos apresentaram essa relação como desfecho secundário. Conclusão: observa-se a existência da relação entre a vulnerabilidade e a violência na pessoa idosa fragilizada, entretanto, ambos os conceitos ainda não são elencados claramente na literatura, assim como a sua mensuração por meio da utilização de escalas apropriadas para tal, vislumbrando-se a sua identificação na prática da Enfermagem, assim como a prevenção dos agravos à saúde da pessoa idosa. Descritores: Idoso Fragilizado; Violência; Idoso; Envelhecimento; Exposição à Violência; Enfermagem.ABSTRACT Objective: to show the relationship between the fragility and the vulnerability of the violated elderly person. Method: bibliographical study, integrative review type. The following databases were consulted, from August to September 2017, CINAHL, PubMed / MEDLINE, SCOPUS®, LILACS and Web Of Science, using the descriptors violence / violence and frail elderly / frail elderly and locating, at the end of the search, the total of ten manuscripts. Results: of the manuscripts that included the sample, only three clearly elucidated the existence of the relationship between violence and fragility, however, these articles did not use measurement scales for both concomitant phenomena. The other studies presented this relationship as a secondary outcome. Conclusion: the existence of the relationship between vulnerability and violence in the frail elderly person is observed, however, both concepts are not yet clearly listed in the literature, as well as their measurement through the use of appropriate scales for this purpose, glimpsing their identification in Nursing practice, as well as the prevention of health problems in the elderly. Descriptors: Fragile Elderly; Violence; Old Man; Aging; Exposure to Violence; Nursing.RESUMEN Objetivo: evidenciar la relación entre fragilidad y la vulnerabilidad de la persona anciana violada. Método: estudio bibliográfico, del tipo revisión integrativa. En el período de agosto a septiembre de 2017, fueron encontradas las siguientes bases de datos: CINAHL, PubMed / MEDLINE, SCOPUS®, LILACS y Web Of Sience, utilizando los descriptores violencia / violence y anciano fragilizado / frail elderly, confiriéndonos al término de la búsqueda el total de diez manuscritos. Resultados: de los manuscritos que contemplaron la muestra, sólo tres elucidaron claramente la existencia de la relación entre la violencia y la fragilidad, sin embargo, estos artículos no utilizaron escalas de medición para ambos fenómenos concomitantes. Los demás estudios presentaron esa relación como desenlace secundario. Conclusión: se observa la existencia de la relación entre la vulnerabilidad y la violencia en la persona anciana fragilizada, sin embargo, ambos conceptos aún no se enumeran claramente en la literatura, así como su medición mediante la utilización de escalas apropiadas para tal, vislumbrando identificación en la práctica de la Enfermería, así como la prevención de los agravios a la salud de la persona de edad. Descritores: Anciano Frágil; Violencia; Anciano; Envejecimiento; Exposición a la Violencia; Enfermeria.

scholarly journals The Other Side

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 256-258
Author(s):  
Simone Toji
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Elderly Person ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The Other ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
The City

This is a story about the disturbed perception of an elderly person of Polish origin who is living through the effects of dementia. Throughout his discontinuous flashes of consciousness, the text plays with senses of alterity and the invisibility of different groups who lived or are still living in Bom Retiro, a neighborhood in the city of São Paulo. The story refers symbolically to a sense of “discovery” of new migration patterns in the city when south-south migration flows became prominent. The existence of different groups of nationalities is also represented in the narrative by the characters’ use of terms borrowed from various languages. While Polish is recovered by the main character in order to explore a sense of belonging, words in Italian, Spanish, or Portuguese are appropriated by him and other figures to establish a certain degree of alterity in relation to the migrants who are native speakers of these three languages.

War and Peace in Islam

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-57
Author(s):  
Louay M. Safi
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Armed Struggle ◽  
General Law ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
Rules And Principles ◽  
The One ◽  
Holistic Theory ◽  
Special Studies

Introduction Although the rules and principles pertaining to relations between Islamic and non-Islamic states date back to the early Madinan period, the Islamic classical doctrine of war and peace was developed by Muslim jurists (fuqaha) during the Abbasi era. The tenets of the doctrine can be found either in general law corpora under headings such as jihad, peace treaties, aman, or in certain special studies such as al Kharaj (land tax), al Siyar (biography/history), etc. The work of the Muslim jurists consists mainly of rules and principles concerning the initiation and prosecution of war, rules and principles that have been predicated on a specific perception of the role and objectives of the Islamic state in respect to other states. The purpose of this paper is twofold. On the one hand, the paper attempts to rebut the propositions of the classical doctrine of jihad, showing that these propositions were predicated on a set of legal rulings (ahkam shar'iyyah) pertaining to specific questions which arose under particular historical conditions, namely, the armed struggle between the Islamic state during the Abbasi era, and the various European dynasties. The paper further attempts to demonstrate that classical jurists did not intend to develop a holistic theory with universal claims. The paper aspires, on the other hand, to introduce a more comprehensive perception of war and peace which takes into account the Qur'anic and Prophetic statements in their totality. This new perception is then used to establish the fundamental objectives of war as well as the basic conditions of peace. To address the forgoing concerns, two approaches have been used. One is legalistic, deductively based on the principles of Islamic jurisprudence (usul al fiqh), comparable to that used by classical jurists. The other approach is historical, inductively concerned with examining the chronology of the ...

Inter-American System

1947 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-544
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
The Other ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Coup D'etat ◽  
American System ◽  
Foreign Ministers

Fifth Meeting of American Foreign Ministers: The Foreign Ministers of the American Republics met at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on August 15 to begin the adoption of a formal treaty for the defense of the western hemisphere in accordance with a resolution adopted by the Inter-American Conference on Problems of War and Peace held at Mexico City in March 1945. Nicaragua was not invited to attend the conference since her government, established by a coup d'etat in May, 1947, had not been recognized by the other American republics.

scholarly journals Philosophy of War and Peace: Anthropocentric Dichotomy of Love/Humanity as Motivation of Heroism (Based on “Letters to a German Friend” by Albert Camus)

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Lyudmyla Tarnashyns’ka
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Albert Camus ◽  
The Other ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
World War ◽  
Moral Reality ◽  
French Writer ◽  
Binary Oppositions ◽  
Hate Violence ◽  
Existential Problem

The article considers the humanistic anthropocentric position of the French writer and philosopher A. Camus in his “Letters to a German Friend” (1943–1944). During the World War II the writer experienced a real existential drama of conscience caused by situation in the occupied France. The country experienced horror and humiliation of temporary occupation and managed to turn its defeat into victory. Fascism in the eyes of the prominent humanist writer and philosopher of France is revealed in the context of the philosophy of war/peace. This context is specified by a number of statements, such as love/hate, violence/nonviolence, etc. ‘Disturbed Conscience’ of A. Camus, in spite of patriotic reasons, sought intercourse between different pairs of opposition: strength/weakness, heroism/cowardice, etc. The oppositions we/you, our/your appeal to such concepts as the price of sacrifice, the price of loss, the price of victory. The monological epistolary genre allows showing the psychological and moral reality of the war, with possible shifts in time and appeal to the Other. A. Camus strengthens the existential problem, the core of which is the opposition “Me – Other” (according to M. Buber and E. Levinas) and “Me like the Other» (P. Ricker). In fact, he initiates a new ontological and linguistic reality embedded in the paradigm of a new/other discourse of war. The binary oppositions similar/unrelated, friend/foe, one’s own/alien, hero/traitor, winner/ defeated are being demounted in the field of psychology of violence reflected by the author within the psychology of nonviolence. At the same time, the basic oppositional pair patriot/collaborator is integrated into a complex system of psychological controversies being the ground of Camus’ psychology of nonviolence. The writer expands a number of oppositional concepts adding the dichotomy of ‘two Europes’. He anthropologizes the considered problems to the highest extent, placing a man with the whole complex of human values in the center of his ‘arguments of conscience’.

scholarly journals The Religion of War and Peace: Better Understanding of International Conflict

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armand Abecassis
Keyword(s):  
Social Group ◽  
International Conflict ◽  
The Other ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Binary Logic ◽  
Spiritual Meaning ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Living Together ◽  
The Difference ◽  
To Receive

PEACE: Is peace the cessation of war? The Binary Logic, The History: War is organized and collective, War is a balance of strengths. Can politics alone create a foundation of peace? Is peace only security? WAR: Is the difference the cause of violence? War is linked to living together as a social group. War: Is the hidden threat in the differences between the nations? War:”Is the midwife of societies”.The problem of terrorism: Is peace the obliteration of the differences? THE MEADING OF CONFLICTS: The conflict is permanent and necessary. Peace is not a cessation of conflict. Peace exists only with, through, and owing to conflicts .PEACE AS A DIALECTIC BETWEEN JUSTICE AND LOVE: The spiritual meaning of love. Humility and responsibility. The relation to the other. THE LESSONS OF THE EIGHT WELLS OF THE BIBLE: From war to love. To give and to receive.

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