AN EVALUATION ON CONCEPTUAL SIGNIFICANCE IN ART

The concept of art, which has a spiritual meaning in its essence, is the transformation of the created concrete world into qualified objects in the artist's production with the method of imitation and repetition. This transformation makes it necessary to make sense of the concepts related to the object of art. In the historical process of art, getting rid of purely aesthetic concerns and starting to form the predominant side of thought causes the conceptual dimension of the object to be questioned. Some cornerstone works such as Marcel Duchamp's urinal, Robert Rauschenberg's white panels or Malevich's Black Square stand out by gaining value with the new conceptual meanings they add to art with their approaches in the background. In this study, some concepts in art will be examined and evaluations will be made through meaning and concept terminology. Keywords: Meaning in art, conceptual art, phenomenon in art

Cultural values of Hung Kings worship in Vietnam

The worship of Hung Kings is a unique type of beliefs that takes an important role in the spiritual and emotional life of many Vietnamese generations. This type of beliefs has existed since ancient times and has become one of the factors that create an exceptional and influential culture of the Vietnamese people. This article studies the history of formation and development of Hung Kings worship and cultural values of Hung Kings worship to understand the spiritual meaning, sense of origin, moral traditions of this beliefs in the spiritual life of Vietnam.

On the Interpretation of Metaphors and Similes in the Psalms: subtilitas intelligendi – subtilitas explicandi – subtilitas applicandi

Based on the example of sacred Psalter explanations, the article examines numerous metaphorical descriptions with the intention to reconstruct the procedures and operations for extracting the spiritual meaning from the veil of the literal. According to the authoritative explanations in question, metaphors and figurative comparisons (similes) used by the psalm singer differ in their inherent meaning despite the coincidence in the semantic mechanism of transposition and the need for their subsequent transformation in interpretation. Some of them, in a poetic way, reflect David’s state of mind; others are filled with a deeper spiritual meaning. As a consequence, instructions for their interpretation become different. In the figurative-symbolic interpretation, explaining conditions for the choice of an auxiliary object, it is the nearest linguistic context that becomes an explanatory instruction; and when there is no such context it is the presumption of similarity by which X can be linked to Y in expressions like “God, the horn of my salvation” that serves this function. In the symbolic-allegorical interpretation, designed to explain metaphorical expressions at a different level of understanding, it is the presumption of spiritual meaning that becomes the instruction explaining metaphorical expressions in accordance with the rules of the Christian exegesis as a prefiguration of the New Testament history (in the typological reading), as a norm of moral behavior (in the tropological reading), and as the fulfillment of promises (in the anagogic reading). The basics for hermeneutics are implemented in the following way: subtilitas intelligendi, subtilitas explicanda, and subtilitas applicandi.

Pembelajaran Kontekstual di Masa Pandemi untuk Mengembangkan Kerohanian Anak

The spiritual dimension is the goal of the national education section. While the teacher himself as a professional educator. However, during the pandemic, it is currently ready to use learning patterns that must be adapted to the circumstances. This literature research and writing method aims to discuss spiritual meaning and provide a learning model in order to develop children's spirituality during a pandemic. The contextual learning model should be cheated by educators, because this learning model focuses more on the uniqueness of students.

The Christian-Orthodox teaching about fasting in St. John Chrysostom’s work

Attempting to present the teaching of St. John Chrysostom about fasting, we must specify from the very beginning that this holy father does not ascribe the fasting a medical and culinary meaning, in the sense of diet change or variation of foods, but a spiritual meaning. In the spiritual sense, fasting is not a mere moral exercise of willpower and control of the physical passions and urges, but a freely accepted sacrifice out of love and respect to God. The man who loves God is happy to offer Him this sacrifice, which consists of renouncing food, drink and amusement, games, and, first and foremost sin. Such a believer does not darken his face but maintains his good mood, showing people the joy emerging from fasting, because naturally, anyone feels joy when he makes an act of charity and sacrifice for the person he loves, for God who is love (I John, IV, 16). And the sacrifice from love is discrete, it wants to remain unknown to others. This sacrifice for God is a fountain of indescribable gifts for each faster. Fasting is the abstinence of all urges, all senses, all physical impulses so that you can hear God, so you can feel God in your heart. This is fasting according to St. John Chrysostom: a process of purification of body and soul, so that God may dwell in our being. Fasting is the discipline that makes the life of Christ blossom within us.

Adding a New Dimension to Grief Counseling: Creative Personal Ritual as a Therapeutic Tool for Loss, Trauma and Transition

This article explores the use of creative personal rituals and ceremonies for accepting loss, managing strong emotions and inviting the sacred into the grief journey. These tools can help clinicians incorporate spirituality and multi-cultural modalities into a grief counseling practice, and can be used effectively by both intuitive and instrumental grievers. The use of ritual and ceremony can also help end-of-life and bereavement professionals become more present for the dying, and more competent in spiritual meaning-making for the bereaved

RECEPTIONS OF ECLESIAST IN THE WORKS OF R. KIPLING AND I. SHOW

The article examines the biblical image from Ecclesiastes «Bread upon the Waters», used by R. Kipling and I. Shaw as a title to their works. For the Ukrainian reader, this biblicalism does not evoke strong allusions or associations, which is explained by its spread only in English-speaking countries. This article attempts to analyze the works of English-language writers in view of the functioning of the biblical motif of «letting your bread on the water», the ambiguity of which was used differently, but in both cases the author’s dialogue with the reader gained spiritual meaning. R. Kipling as a master of narrative uses a system of narrators: the narrator-witness and the narrator-participant. Both, according to the classification of W. Schmid, did not acquire «omniscience and ubiquity», so the biblical truth is interpreted in a straight forward manner. Only the author’s strong position – the title of the work and the final phrases of the work, clarify the meaning of the images of water and bread. A comparison of the principle of the author’s vision of R. Kipling and I. Shaw leads to the conclusion of different artistic systems of the authors. For Kipling, the dialogue of the narrators is important, for I. Shaw – the hero’s self-absorption. In I. Shaw’s novel, biblicalism is also stated in the title of the work, but its hidden meaning is divided between the characters depending on their charitable deeds. Teacher Allen Strand’s Confession Diary is an author’s credo, as the call for mercy, for selfless help in spite of circumstances and results, is consistent with the title of the work. Comparison of two works of different writing times, artistic styles and genres prove the ambiguity and complexity of the biblical image, which combined the natural element and the measure of human labor – water and bread.