Life history tradeoffs in humans increased life expectancy with sperm count reduction

10.2741/4745 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 712-722
Author(s):  
Rui-An Wang
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Life History Tradeoffs

scholarly journals Fitness costs of parasites explain multiple life history tradeoffs in a wild mammal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory F Albery ◽  
Alison Morris ◽  
Sean Morris ◽  
Fiona Kenyon ◽  
Daniel H Nussey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Fitness Costs ◽  
Wild Mammal ◽  
Life History Tradeoffs

Life-history tradeoffs revealed by seasonal declines in reproductive traits of Arctic-breeding shorebirds

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. jav-01531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily L. Weiser ◽  
Stephen C. Brown ◽  
Richard B. Lanctot ◽  
H. River Gates ◽  
Kenneth F. Abraham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Life History Tradeoffs

scholarly journals Understanding the Evolutionary Ecology of host–pathogen Interactions Provides Insights into the Outcomes of Insect Pest Biocontrol

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
David J. Páez ◽  
Arietta E. Fleming-Davies
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Life History ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Classical Biocontrol ◽  
Life History Tradeoffs ◽  
Pathogen Strains

The use of viral pathogens to control the population size of pest insects has produced both successful and unsuccessful outcomes. Here, we investigate whether those biocontrol successes and failures can be explained by key ecological and evolutionary processes between hosts and pathogens. Specifically, we examine how heterogeneity in pathogen transmission, ecological and evolutionary tradeoffs, and pathogen diversity affect insect population density and thus successful control. We first review the existing literature and then use numerical simulations of mathematical models to further explore these processes. Our results show that the control of insect densities using viruses depends strongly on the heterogeneity of virus transmission among insects. Overall, increased heterogeneity of transmission reduces the effect of viruses on insect densities and increases the long-term stability of insect populations. Lower equilibrium insect densities occur when transmission is heritable and when there is a tradeoff between mean transmission and insect fecundity compared to when the heterogeneity of transmission arises from non-genetic sources. Thus, the heterogeneity of transmission is a key parameter that regulates the long-term population dynamics of insects and their pathogens. We also show that both heterogeneity of transmission and life-history tradeoffs modulate characteristics of population dynamics such as the frequency and intensity of “boom–bust" population cycles. Furthermore, we show that because of life-history tradeoffs affecting the transmission rate, the use of multiple pathogen strains is more effective than the use of a single strain to control insect densities only when the pathogen strains differ considerably in their transmission characteristics. By quantifying the effects of ecology and evolution on population densities, we are able to offer recommendations to assess the long-term effects of classical biocontrol.

To compete or defend: linking functional trait variation with life-history tradeoffs in a foundation tree species

Oecologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 192 (4) ◽  
pp. 893-907
Author(s):  
Eric L. Kruger ◽  
Ken Keefover-Ring ◽  
Liza M. Holeski ◽  
Richard L. Lindroth
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Functional Trait ◽  
Trait Variation ◽  
Life History Tradeoffs

scholarly journals Dispersal, dormancy and life-history tradeoffs at the individual, population and species levels in southern African Asteraceae

2015 ◽  
Vol 210 (1) ◽  
pp. 356-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroli de Waal ◽  
Bruce Anderson ◽  
Allan G. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Tradeoffs ◽  
The Individual

scholarly journals The Effect of Life Expectancy on Aggression and Generativity: A Life History Perspective

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 147470491000800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis S. Dunkel ◽  
Eugene Mathes ◽  
Dennis R. Papini
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Expectancy

scholarly journals Life history scaling and the division of energy in forests

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Grady ◽  
Quentin D. Read ◽  
Sydne Record ◽  
Nadja Rüger ◽  
Phoebe L. Zarnetske ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Niche Partitioning ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Forest Diversity ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Old Growth Forest ◽  
Life History Tradeoffs

AbstractThe competition for light has long been regarded as a key axis of niche partitioning that promotes forest diversity, but available evidence is contradictory. Despite strong tradeoffs between growth and survival with light, field tests suggest neutral forces govern tree composition across forest gaps and resource use across size classes. Here we integrate scaling and niche theory, and use data from >114,000 woody plants in a tropical, old growth forest to test and predict patterns of niche partitioning with size and light. Consistent with predictions, the relative abundance, production, light capture, and richness of species in life histories with fast growth follow a power law relationship, increasing 1–2 orders of magnitude along a solar and size gradient. Competitive neutrality between size classes emerges above the sapling layer, where increasing access to light is counterbalanced by stronger self-shading. Convergent power law patterns of resource partitioning across taxa and spatial scale suggest general life history tradeoffs drive the organization of diverse communities.

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