scholarly journals Worsening epidemiological situation of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Europe, assessment by national experts from 37 countries, July 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alma Brolund ◽  
Nina Lagerqvist ◽  
Sara Byfors ◽  
Marc J Struelens ◽  
Dominique L Monnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Countries ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

A survey on the epidemiological situation, surveillance and containment activities for carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) was conducted in European countries in 2018. All 37 participating countries reported CPE cases. Since 2015, the epidemiological stage of CPE expansion has increased in 11 countries. Reference laboratory capability, dedicated surveillance and a specific national containment plan are in existence in 33, 27 and 14 countries, respectively. Enhanced control efforts are needed for CPE containment in Europe.

scholarly journals The European Sero-Epidemiology Network: standardizing the enzyme immunoassay results for measles, mumps and rubella

2000 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. ANDREWS ◽  
R. G. PEBODY ◽  
G. BERBERS ◽  
C. BLONDEAU ◽  
P. CROVARI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Sampling Methodology ◽  
Local Standard ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Network Project ◽  
Reference Country

The ESEN (European Sero-Epidemiology Network) project was established to harmonize the seroepidemiology of five vaccine preventable infections including measles, mumps and rubella in eight European countries. This involved achieving comparability both in the assay results from testing in different centres and also sampling methodology. Standardization of enzyme immunoassay results was achieved through the development of common panels of sera by designated reference centres. The panels were tested at the reference laboratory and then distributed to each participating laboratory for testing using their routine methods. Standardization equations were calculated by regressing the quantitative results against those of the reference laboratory. Our study found large differences in unitage between participants, despite all using an EIA method standardized against an international or local standard. Moreover, our methodology adjusted for this difference. These standardization equations will be used to convert the results of main serosurvey testing into the reference country unitage to ensure inter-country comparability.

scholarly journals Standardization of measles, mumps and rubella assays to enable comparisons of seroprevalence data across 21 European countries and Australia

2007 ◽  
Vol 135 (5) ◽  
pp. 787-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. TISCHER ◽  
N. ANDREWS ◽  
G. KAFATOS ◽  
A. NARDONE ◽  
G. BERBERS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Seroprevalence Data ◽  
Serological Surveillance ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Country Differences ◽  
Almost All

SUMMARYThe aim of the European Sero-Epidemiology Network is to establish comparability of the serological surveillance of vaccine-preventable diseases in Europe. The designated reference laboratory (RL) for measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) prepared and tested a panel of 151 sera by the reference enzyme immunoassay (rEIA). Laboratories in 21 countries tested the panel for antibodies against MMR using their usual assay (a total of 16 different EIAs) and the results were plotted against the reference results in order to obtain equations for the standardization of national serum surveys. The RL also tested the panel by the plaque neutralization test (PNT). Large differences in qualitative results were found compared to the RL. Well-fitting standardization equations withR2⩾0·8 were obtained for almost all laboratories through regression of the quantitative results against those of the RL. When compared to PNT, the rEIA had a sensitivity of 95·3%, 92·8% and 100% and a specificity of 100%, 87·1% and 92·8% for measles, mumps and rubella, respectively. The need for standardization was highlighted by substantial inter-country differences. Standardization was successful and the selected standardization equations allowed the conversion of local serological results into common units and enabled direct comparison of seroprevalence data of the participating countries.

scholarly journals The seroepidemiology of pertussis in Australia during an epidemic period

2006 ◽  
Vol 134 (6) ◽  
pp. 1208-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. CAGNEY ◽  
C. R. MacINTYRE ◽  
P. McINTYRE ◽  
M. PUECH ◽  
A. GIAMMANCO
Keyword(s):  
European Countries ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Notification Rate ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Pertussis Infection ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
Epidemic Period ◽  
The Impact

Studying the epidemiology of pertussis and impact of differing vaccine schedules is difficult because of differing methods of case ascertainment. The advent of internationally standardized serological diagnosis for recent infection has allowed comparison of age-specific pertussis infection among European countries and was applied in Australia at the time of a major national epidemic. In 1997 and 1998, a nationally representative serum bank using residual sera from diagnostic laboratories was established. Measurement of pertussis toxin (PT) IgG level was conducted by a reference laboratory using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay standardized for a number of European countries. A titre of 125 EU/ml was interpreted as indicative of recent pertussis infection. The serological data were correlated with age, gender, region and disease epidemiology in Australia. The highest prevalence of recent pertussis infection was in the 5–9 years age group, and the lowest in 1–4 and 25–64 years age groups. In the 5–14 years age group, 29·7% (5–9 years) and 14·6% (10–14 years) of the sample had serological evidence of recent infection, correlating with the pattern of epidemic notifications. The 15- to 24-year-olds had similar high titres but the same notification rate as 25- to 44-year-olds, suggesting ascertainment bias may result in under-notification in the former age group. The prevalence of high titres observed was up to 20-fold higher than some European countries during a similar time period. Although vaccination has reduced the transmission of pertussis in the youngest and most vulnerable age group, pertussis is still endemic in Australia, particularly in older children and the elderly. The Australian vaccination schedule has been changed in an attempt to address this problem, by spacing doses more widely, with the fifth dose at 15–17 years of age. Seroepidemiology for pertussis offers the potential to compare patterns of pertussis between countries and examine the impact of vaccine schedule changes independent of notification and diagnostic bias.

scholarly journals Trichinellosis epidemics in AP Vojvodina in the period 2000-2009

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 409-417
Author(s):  
Zorica Seguljev ◽  
Branka Vidic ◽  
Svetlana Ilic ◽  
Vladimir Petrovic ◽  
Mladen Petrovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Products ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Illegal Trade ◽  
Lethal Outcome ◽  
Hyperendemic Area ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Human Trichinellosis ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

In the observed decade, 1300 cases of trichinellosis were registered in Vojvodina, including three with a lethal outcome. The lethality was 0.23%. The incidences of trichinellosis ranged from 2.2/100,000 to 13.6/100,000. The rate of incidence depends both on the number of epidemics and the size of the epidemic reported in a year. Most incidences were reported in 2002 and 2005, as a consequence of the spread of trichinellosis through the purchase of infested food. The epidemic of trichinellosis in the Middle Banat district that started at the end of 2001 is considered to be the largest outbreak of human trichinellosis in Vojvodina, when 313 people got sick. In most of the cases the affected people reported they had eaten smoked sausages. The high incidence of trichinellosis in 2005 was a consequence of three thrichinellosis outbreaks that had been spreading through infested smoked sausages originating from illegal production and trade. More than 200 cases of trichinellosis were reported in Vojvodina. Today, Srem is still considered a hyperendemic area, because more than 30% of all the epidemics occur in this area. The available data indicate that trichinellosis is spread all over Vojvodina and that the absence of control results in the risk from the incidence of human trichinellosis. In many European countries the epidemiological situation is stable, but in our country trichinellosis is the most important zoonotic disease. This unstable epidemiological situation is the consequence of the widespread infection, culinary customs, and the fact that there is inadequate control of meat and meat products in households and illegal trade.

scholarly journals Campylobacteriosis – the epidemiological situation in Poland and other European countries

2013 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
Sylwia Nowicka ◽  
◽  
Magdalena Zdziebło ◽  
Kinga Skrzypek ◽  
Urszula Kosikowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Countries ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

scholarly journals Temporal and regional incidence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales, Switzerland, 2013 to 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alban Ramette ◽  
Michael Gasser ◽  
Patrice Nordmann ◽  
Reinhard Zbinden ◽  
Jacques Schrenzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Outbreak Detection ◽  
Primary Analysis ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Detection Analysis ◽  
Regional Trends ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Introduction In contrast to countries where carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) are endemic, only sporadic cases were reported in Switzerland until 2013. An aggravation of the epidemiological situation in neighbouring European countries indicated the need for a surveillance study in Switzerland. Aim We aimed to describe CPE distributions in Switzerland and identify epidemiological factors associated with changes in incidence. Methods Data on all human CPE isolates from 2013 to 2018 were collected by the Swiss Centre for Antibiotic Resistance (ANRESIS) and analysed for temporal and regional trends by Generalised Poisson regression. Isolates associated with infection or colonisation were included in a primary analysis; a secondary analysis included invasive isolates only. Statistical detection of regional clusters was performed with WHONET/SaTScan. Results We analysed 731 CPE isolates, of which 325 (44.5%) were associated with screenings and 173 (23.7%) with infections. Yearly detection of CPE isolates increased considerably during the study period from 65 to 212. The most frequently isolated species were Klebsiella pneumoniae (54%) and Escherichia coli (28%). The most frequent genotypes were OXA-48 (43%), KPC (21%) and NDM (14%). In contrast to the French-speaking parts of Switzerland (West, Geneva) where OXA-48 were the predominant genotypes (around 60%), KPC was the most frequently detected genotype in the Italian-speaking region (63%). WHONET/SaTScan outbreak detection analysis identified seven clusters in five regions of Switzerland. Conclusions In a first continuous surveillance of CPE in Switzerland, we found that the epidemiological situation aggravated nationwide and that regional patterns of CPE genotypes mirrored the situation in neighbouring European countries.

scholarly journals Measles in Poland in 2018

2020 ◽  
pp. 398-405
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Primary Vaccination ◽  
World Health ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Measles Elimination ◽  
Elimination Programme ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

INTRODUCTION. Since 1998 Poland has endorsed measles elimination programme which is coordinated by the World Health Organization (WHO). To accomplish measles elimination in the country, achievement of vaccination coverage at 95% in the population is needed, as is the monitoring of the epidemiological situation, i.e.: reporting on cases suspected of measles and conducting laboratory diagnostics in WHO Reference Laboratory. Polish Reference Laboratory is located at the Department of Virology NIPH-NIH. OBJECTIVES. The aim of the article is to analyze the epidemiological situation of measles in Poland in 2018 with presenting the measles vaccination coverage and the progress of the measles elimination programme in Poland. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The epidemiological situation of measles in Poland was analyzed on the basis of the case-based questionnaires of cases suspected of measles sent to NIPH-NIH by the Sanitary and Epidemiological Stations, data from the publications: “Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland in 2018” and “Vaccinations in Poland in 2018”. RESULTS. In 2018, 359 cases of measles were notified to the surveillance system in Poland (incidence 2.94 per 100 000 population). The highest incidence was observed in the age 1 and was estimated at 4.06 per 100 000 population. Out of all cases, 209 (58.2%) were hospitalized. No fatal cases due to the measles were reported. In 2018 the maintenance of high vaccination coverage among children aged 2 and 12 years old was observed - from 92.9% to 99.3% (primary vaccination, children born in 2008-2016) and from 92.4% to 97.8% (booster vaccination, children born in 2005-2010). CONCLUSIONS. The epidemiological situation of measles in 2018 in comparison with the situation in 2017, has deteriorated. This was a trend in throughout Europe.

scholarly journals West Nile virus infections in France, July to November 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Ramalli ◽  
G Grard ◽  
C Beck ◽  
P Gallian ◽  
G L’Ambert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
West Nile ◽  
West Nile Virus Transmission ◽  
Lineage 2 ◽  
First Time ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Abstract In July 2018, one autochthonous case of West Nile virus (WNV) infection was identified in Nice, Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur (Paca). We investigated to determine the potential place of infection and the extent of viral circulation in the area, in order to guide control and preventive measures. In affected areas, we raised awareness of health professionals on WNV infections, substance of human origin safety relied on nucleic acid testing for WNV and on deferral of blood donors indicating minimum one night of stay in the areas for 28 days. Equine, wild bird and entomologic surveillance activities were reinforced. The human arboviruses national reference laboratory (NRL) retrospectively tested samples from hospitalized individuals from June 1st with meningitis and encephalitis around Nice. We tested negative suspected autochthonous cases of chikungunya and dengue infections notified since July in Paca and presenting WNV compatible symptoms. Measures were adapted along identification of additional cases. We identified 27 autochthonous cases, with onset of symptoms between July 7th and November 12th: 24 in Paca, 2 in Corsica and 1 in Occitanie. Seven cases presented neuroinvasives symptoms, 18 flu-like symptoms and 2 were asymptomatic. One blood donation and 2 organs tested positive for WNV. The animal NRL identified 13 equine cases (1 in Paca, 5 in Corsica and 7 in Occitanie) and 4 infected raptors with nervous symptoms (3 in Paca and 1 in Corsica). Genomic characterization of the virus identified a strain belonging to the lineage 2 among 2 raptors. No virus was found in mosquitoes captured in affected areas. Since 2000, six episodes of WNV transmission were reported in France but none with this extent. For the first time, the lineage 2, circulating in Italy and other European countries, was isolated in France which might be changing epidemiological situation. Therefore, surveillance activities should be revised in order to promptly secure blood products. Key messages We describe the most important episode of West Nile Virus transmission identified in humans in France. In 2018, West Nile virus lineage 2 was isolated for the first time in France which might change the epidemiological situation in the country.

scholarly journals Tick-borne encephalitis in Europe and beyond – the epidemiological situation as of 2007

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (26) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Süss
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Immunisation Coverage ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

This review presents an overview of the developments in the epidemiology of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) during 2007 in Europe, the Far East and Asia, as well as some comments interpreting the various developments. The recent TBE situation in 29 European and four non-European countries is shown and discussed. The number of registered TBE cases from 1976 to 2007 in 19 European countries with endemic TBE is presented. Although criteria for TBE reporting vary from one country to another and it is necessary to account for unreported cases, an overall increase of TBE incidence during the last 30 years can clearly be established. Besides changes in climate and weather, a number of additional factors are probably responsible for this rise: increased exposition, partly due to socio-economical and political changes, and other factors that are for the most part unknown. In addition, the immunisation coverage in the population of some of the countries is discussed.

scholarly journals Measles in Poland in 2017

2019 ◽  
pp. 297-304
Author(s):  
Joanna Bogusz ◽  
Iwona Paradowska-Stankiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Primary Vaccination ◽  
World Health ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Measles Elimination ◽  
Elimination Programme ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

INTRODUCTION. Since 1998 Poland has endorsed measles elimination programme which is coordinated by the World Health Organization (WHO). To accomplish measles elimination in the country, achievement of vaccination coverage at 95% in the population is needed, as is the monitoring of the epidemiological situation, i.e.: reporting on cases suspected of measles and conducting laboratory diagnostics in WHO Reference Laboratory. Polish Reference Laboratory is located at the Department of Virology NIPH-NIH. OBJECTIVES. The aim of the article is to analyze the epidemiological situation of measles in Poland in 2017 with presenting the measles vaccination coverage and the progress of the measles elimination programme in Poland. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The epidemiological situation of measles in Poland was analyzed on the basis of the case-based questionnaires of cases suspected of measles sent to NIPH-NIH by the Sanitary and Epidemiological Stations, data from the publications: “Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland in 2017” and “Vaccinations in Poland in 2017”. RESULTS. In 2017, 63 cases of measles were notified to the surveillance system in Poland (incidence 0,16 per 100 000 population). The highest incidence was observed in the age 5 and was estimated at 1.27 per 100 000 population. Out of all cases, 38 (60.3%) were hospitalized. No fatal cases due to the measles were reported. In 2017 the maintenance of high vaccination coverage among children aged 2 and 12 years old was observed - from 92.9% to 99.3% (primary vaccination, children born in 2010-2016) and from 92.4% to 97.8% (booster vaccination, children born in 2004-2009). CONCLUSIONS. The epidemiological situation of measles in 2017 in comparison with the situation in 2016, has improved. Irrespective of that, the vaccination coverage was sustained at the satisfactory level. In order to achieve the improvement of the measles surveillance system, promoting of the measles elimination programme among the physicians is necessary with focusing on the necessity to report and laboratory confirm all measles cases and the cases suspected of measles.

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