scholarly journals Updated rapid risk assessment from ECDC on the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: increased transmission in the EU/EEA and the UK

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Eu

Risk Assessment Approaches During the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141
Author(s):  
Ram Kumar ◽  
R. Karthikeyan ◽  
Vinodhkumar Obli Rajendran ◽  
Dharmendra Kumar Sinha ◽  
Bhoj Raj Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The impact of the novel coronavirus on trauma and orthopaedics in the UK

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catrin Morgan ◽  
Aashish K Ahluwalia ◽  
Arash Aframian ◽  
Lily Li ◽  
Stephen Ng Man Sun
Keyword(s):  
Orthopaedic Surgery ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injury ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Orthopaedic Patients ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Injury Burden ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
British Orthopaedic Association

At first glance, the novel coronavirus pandemic and orthopaedic surgery appear separate entities. Orthopaedic surgeons are not generally considered front-line staff in terms of the treatment of the disease that the novel coronavirus causes compared with anaesthetic and medical colleagues. However, the impact that the novel coronavirus is likely to have on the musculoskeletal injury burden and the morbidity associated with chronic musculoskeletal disease is significant. This article summarises the strategies currently being developed for the remodelling of orthopaedic services in the UK and the emergency British Orthopaedic Association Standards for Trauma and Orthopaedic guidelines released on 24 March 2020 in managing urgent orthopaedic patients during the novel coronavirus pandemic.

scholarly journals Genomic epidemiology of the first epidemic wave of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Palestine

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nouar Qutob ◽  
Zaidoun Salah ◽  
Damien Richard ◽  
Hisham Darwish ◽  
Husam Sallam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Genomic Epidemiology ◽  
Health Burden ◽  
The World ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Epidemic Wave

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the novel coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, continues to cause a significant public-health burden and disruption globally. Genomic epidemiology approaches point to most countries in the world having experienced many independent introductions of SARS-CoV-2 during the early stages of the pandemic. However, this situation may change with local lockdown policies and restrictions on travel, leading to the emergence of more geographically structured viral populations and lineages transmitting locally. Here, we report the first SARS-CoV-2 genomes from Palestine sampled from early March 2020, when the first cases were observed, through to August of 2020. SARS-CoV-2 genomes from Palestine fall across the diversity of the global phylogeny, consistent with at least nine independent introductions into the region. We identify one locally predominant lineage in circulation represented by 50 Palestinian SARS-CoV-2, grouping with genomes generated from Israel and the UK. We estimate the age of introduction of this lineage to 05/02/2020 (16/01/2020–19/02/2020), suggesting SARS-CoV-2 was already in circulation in Palestine predating its first detection in Bethlehem in early March. Our work highlights the value of ongoing genomic surveillance and monitoring to reconstruct the epidemiology of COVID-19 at both local and global scales.

scholarly journals Formulating a Scalable Approach to Patron-Requested Digitization in Archives

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin S. Hawkins ◽  
Julie Judkins
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Distance Travel ◽  
Long Distance Travel

The novel coronavirus of 2019 (COVID-19) crisis has forced archives to rethink their modes of providing access to physical collections. Whereas difficult copyright questions raised by reproducing items could previously be skirted by requiring researchers to work with materials in person, the long-term closure of reading rooms and decrease in long-distance travel mean that archives need a workflow for handling user digitization requests that is scalable and requires consulting only easily identifiable information and, assuming full reproduction is off the table, reproducing items in a collection under 17 U.S.C. § 108 or through a strategy of rapid risk assessment. There is a challenge in creating a policy that will work across different formats and genres of archival materials, so this article offers some suggestions for how to think about these parameters according to US copyright law and calls for a committee of experts to work out a model policy that could serve remote users of archival collections even after the COVID-19 crisis has passed.

scholarly journals The novel coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV) uses the SARS-coronavirus receptor ACE2 and the cellular protease TMPRSS2 for entry into target cells

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Hoffmann ◽  
Hannah Kleine-Weber ◽  
Nadine Krüger ◽  
Marcel Müller ◽  
Christian Drosten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Sars Coronavirus ◽  
Disease Pathogenesis ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Cellular Protease

AbstractThe emergence of a novel, highly pathogenic coronavirus, 2019-nCoV, in China, and its rapid national and international spread pose a global health emergency. Coronaviruses use their spike proteins to select and enter target cells and insights into nCoV-2019 spike (S)-driven entry might facilitate assessment of pandemic potential and reveal therapeutic targets. Here, we demonstrate that 2019-nCoV-S uses the SARS-coronavirus receptor, ACE2, for entry and the cellular protease TMPRSS2 for 2019-nCoV-S priming. A TMPRSS2 inhibitor blocked entry and might constitute a treatment option. Finally, we show that the serum form a convalescent SARS patient neutralized 2019-nCoV-S-driven entry. Our results reveal important commonalities between 2019-nCoV and SARS-coronavirus infection, which might translate into similar transmissibility and disease pathogenesis. Moreover, they identify a target for antiviral intervention.One sentence summaryThe novel 2019 coronavirus and the SARS-coronavirus share central biological properties which can guide risk assessment and intervention.

Gearing Up for a New “Pandemic” on the Eyes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Wang ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Uk

As the novel coronavirus continues ravaging communities worldwide, children and adults are spending more time than ever before on their electronic devices. Social networking websites, streaming platforms, and video games accumulate hours of usage. Students and employees are turning to remote learning and working. Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, teleworking was already on the rise. In the US, the population of employees working remotely increased from 19.6% in 2003 to 24.1% in 2015, and in Sweden, the prevalence of working from home jumped from 5.9% in 1999 to 19.7% in 2012 (Feldstead & Henseke, 2017). Research conducted by the Trades Union Congress (TUC) reported that the teleworking rate in the UK increased by at least 20% over the past decade. There are currently no official reports on the increase of remote working in 2020. However, given the current pandemic situation along with the rapid advancement of technology each day, the numbers are expected to be at an all-time high. This may introduce the world to a new set of health problems: the Digital Eye Strain syndrome.

scholarly journals Dynamics of COVID-19 transmission including indirect transmission mechanisms: a mathematical analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Meiksin
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Rate ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Indirect Transmission ◽  
Transmission Mechanisms ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Counterfactual Model ◽  
Respiratory Droplets ◽  
Significant Spread

Abstract The outbreak of the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 has raised major health policy questions and dilemmas. Whilst respiratory droplets are believed to be the dominant transmission mechanisms, indirect transmission may also occur through shared contact of contaminated common objects that is not directly curtailed by a lockdown. The conditions under which contaminated common objects may lead to significant spread of coronavirus disease 2019 during lockdown and its easing is examined using the susceptible-exposed-infectious-removed model with a fomite term added. Modelling the weekly death rate in the UK, a maximum-likelihood analysis finds a statistically significant fomite contribution, with 0.009 ± 0.001 (95% CI) infection-inducing fomites introduced into the environment per day per infectious person. Post-lockdown, comparison with the prediction of a corresponding counterfactual model with no fomite transmission suggests fomites, through enhancing the overall transmission rate, may have contributed to as much as 25% of the deaths following lockdown. It is suggested that adding a fomite term to more complex simulations may assist in the understanding of the spread of the illness and in making policy decisions to control it.

Quantitative risk assessment to compare the risk of rabies entering the UK from Turkey via quarantine, the Pet Travel Scheme and the EU Pet Movement Policy

2009 ◽  
Vol 138 (8) ◽  
pp. 1114-1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. RAMNIAL ◽  
R. KOSMIDER ◽  
O. AYLAN ◽  
C. FREULING ◽  
T. MÜLLER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Regulation ◽  
Annual Probability ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Eu

SUMMARYRabies was eradicated from the UK in 1922 through strict controls of dog movement and investigation of every incident of disease. Amendments were made to the UK quarantine laws and the Pet Travel Scheme (PETS) was subsequently introduced in 2000 for animals entering the UK from qualifying listed countries. European Regulation 998/2003 on the non-commercial movement of pet animals initiated the European Union Pet Movement Policy (EUPMP) in July 2004. The introduction of EUPMP harmonized the movement of pet animals within the EU (EUPMPlisted) but raised the possibility of domestic animals entering the UK from a non-EU state where rabies is endemic (EUPMPunlisted). A quantitative risk assessment was developed to estimate the risk of rabies entering the UK from Turkey via companion animals that are incubating the disease and enter through PETS or EUPMP compared to quarantine. Specifically, the risk was assessed by estimating the annual probability of rabies entering the UK and the number of years between rabies entries for each scheme. The model identified that the probability of rabies entering the UK via the three schemes is highly dependent on compliance. If 100% compliance is assumed, PETS and EUPMPunlisted (at the current level of importation) present a lower risk than quarantine, i.e. the number of years between rabies entry is more than 170 721 years for PETS and 60 163 years for EUPMPunlisted compared to 41 851 years for quarantine (with 95% certainty). If less than 100% compliance is assumed, PETS and EUPMPunlisted (at the current level of importation) present a higher risk. In addition, EUPMPlisted and EUPMPunlisted (at an increased level of importation) present a higher risk than quarantine or PETS at 100% compliance and at an uncertain level of compliance.

scholarly journals Invincibility threatens vaccination intentions during a pandemic

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258432
Author(s):  
James M. Leonhardt ◽  
Garret Ridinger ◽  
Yu Rong ◽  
Amir Talaei-Khoe
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Personal Risk ◽  
Preventative Health ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Level Analysis

Some people feel they are invincible to the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). They believe that being infected with COVID-19 would not be a serious threat to their health. While these people may or may not be correct in their personal risk assessment, we find that such perceived invincibility may undermine community efforts to achieve herd immunity. Multi-level analysis of survey respondents across 51 countries finds that perceived invincibility from COVID-19 is negatively associated with believing there is a need to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in one’s community (n = 218,956) and one’s willingness to inoculate against the disease (n = 71,148). These effects are most pronounced among individuals from countries lower in cultural collectivism (e.g., USA, UK, Canada) and highlight the need to consider the interplay of individual and cultural factors in our efforts to understand, predict, and promote preventative health behavior during a pandemic.

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