Sensitivity and specificity of the antigen-based anterior nasal self-testing programme for detecting SARS-CoV-2 infection in schools, Austria, March 2021

This study evaluates the performance of the antigen-based anterior nasal screening programme implemented in all Austrian schools to detect SARS-CoV-2 infections. We combined nationwide antigen-based screening data obtained in March 2021 from 5,370 schools (Grade 1–8) with an RT-qPCR-based prospective cohort study comprising a representative sample of 244 schools. Considering a range of assumptions, only a subset of infected individuals are detected with the programme (low to moderate sensitivity) and non-infected individuals mainly tested negative (very high specificity).

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Is subjective well-being independently associated with mortality? A 14-year prospective cohort study in a representative sample of 25 139 US men and women

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031776 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. e031776

Author(s):

Steven D Barger ◽

Timothy W Broom ◽

Michael V Esposito ◽

Taylor S Lane

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Representative Sample ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Well Being ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Self Rated Health

ObjectivesTo examine whether the inverse association of subjective well-being with mortality is independent of self-rated health and socioeconomic status in healthy adults.DesignA population-based prospective cohort study based on an in-person interview. Cox regression was used to examine mortality hazards for happiness alone and for a standardised summary well-being measure that included happiness, life satisfaction and negative emotions. Using prespecified analyses, we first adjusted for age and then additionally adjusted for self-rated health and then race/ethnicity, marital status, smoking and socioeconomic status.SettingProbability sample of adult US residents interviewed in their homes in 2001.Participants25 139 adults free of cardiovascular disease and cancer at baseline.Primary outcome measureAll-cause mortality 14 years after the baseline interview as assessed by probabilistic matching using the National Death Index.ResultsAge-adjusted unhappiness was associated with mortality (HR 1.27; 95% CI 1.11 to 1.45, p=0.001) but the association attenuated after adjusting for self-rated health (HR 1.01; 95% CI 0.88 to 1.16, p=0.85). A similar pattern was seen for the summary well-being measure in fully adjusted models (HR 1.00; 95% CI 0.99 to 1.00, p=0.30). In contrast, self-rated health was strongly associated with mortality. In the fully adjusted model with the summary well-being measure the hazards for good, very good and excellent self-rated health were 0.71 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.80, p<0.001), 0.63 (95% CI 0.55 to 0.71, p<0.001) and 0.45 (95% CI 0.39 to 0.51, p<0.001), respectively.ConclusionsIn this representative sample of US adults, the association between well-being and mortality was strongly attenuated by self-rated health and to a lesser extent socioeconomic status.

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PTH-014 Post-polypectomy surveillance in the english bowel cancer screening programme: a prospective cohort study, preliminary results

10.1136/gutjnl-2018-bsgabstracts.36 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Stewart Bonnington ◽

Linda Sharp ◽

Matt Rutter

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Screening Programme ◽

Bowel Cancer ◽

Preliminary Results ◽

Cancer Screening Programme ◽

Bowel Cancer Screening

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Sensitivity of spectral domain optical coherence tomography in the diagnosis of posterior vitreous detachment in vitreomacular interface disorders: A prospective cohort study

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/11206721211020644 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 112067212110206

Author(s):

Panagiotis Stavrakas ◽

Evita Evangelia Christou ◽

Konstantinos Ananikas ◽

Anastasia Tsiogka ◽

Paris Tranos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Video Recording ◽

Posterior Vitreous Detachment ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Vitreomacular Interface ◽

Sd Oct

Purpose: To evaluate the sensitivity of Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) regarding the diagnosis of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) in vitreomacular interface disorders (VID). Methods: A total of 48 eyes of 48 patients were included in this prospective cohort study. PVD in eyes with VID was investigated. We determined the status of posterior vitreous cortex using slit lamp (SL) biomicroscopy and SD-OCT preoperatively, during vitrectomy and on the intraoperative video recording. Sensitivity and specificity of the examining methods were analysed. Four masked independent examiners participated in this study. Results: PVD was diagnosed in 16 eyes (33.3%) on SD-OCT, 20 eyes (41.7%) on SL examination and 28 eyes (58.3%) during vitrectomy. Sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of PVD was 37.5% and 31.3% using SD-OCT, 90% and 64.3% on the SL examination, 92.9% and 90% on the video recording respectively, compared to the intraoperative PVD diagnosis. Conclusion: SD-OCT shows a relatively low detection sensitivity of PVD in VID. Thorough OCT investigation is necessary to establish an appropriate diagnosis of PVD and treatment in VID.

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Abdominal symptoms and cancer in the abdomen: prospective cohort study in European primary care

British Journal of General Practice ◽

10.3399/bjgp18x695777 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 68 (670) ◽

pp. e301-e310 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Knut Holtedahl ◽

Peter Hjertholm ◽

Lars Borgquist ◽

Gé A Donker ◽

Frank Buntinx ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Rectal Bleeding ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

High Specificity ◽

Predictive Values ◽

Abdominal Symptoms ◽

Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽

Irregular Bleeding ◽

Specific Symptoms

BackgroundDifferent abdominal symptoms may signal cancer, but their role is unclear.AimTo examine associations between abdominal symptoms and subsequent cancer diagnosed in the abdominal region.Design and settingProspective cohort study comprising 493 GPs from surgeries in Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Scotland, Belgium, and the Netherlands.MethodOver a 10-day period, the GPs recorded consecutive consultations and noted: patients who presented with abdominal symptoms pre-specified on the registration form; additional data on non-specific symptoms; and features of the consultation. Eight months later, data on all cancer diagnoses among all study patients in the participating general practices were requested from the GPs.ResultsConsultations with 61 802 patients were recorded and abdominal symptoms were documented in 6264 (10.1%) patients. Malignancy, both abdominal and non-abdominal, was subsequently diagnosed in 511 patients (0.8%). Among patients with a new cancer in the abdomen (n = 251), 175 (69.7%) were diagnosed within 180 days after consultation. In a multivariate model, the highest sex- and age-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) was for the single symptom of rectal bleeding (HR 19.1, 95% confidence interval = 8.7 to 41.7). Positive predictive values of >3% were found for macroscopic haematuria, rectal bleeding, and involuntary weight loss, with variations according to age and sex. The three symptoms relating to irregular bleeding had particularly high specificity in terms of colorectal, uterine, and bladder cancer.ConclusionsA patient with undiagnosed cancer may present with symptoms or no symptoms. Irregular bleeding must always be explained. Abdominal pain occurs with all types of abdominal cancer and several symptoms may signal colorectal cancer. The findings are important as they influence how GPs think and act, and how they can contribute to an earlier diagnosis of cancer.

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Recruiting a representative sample in adherence research-The MALT multisite prospective cohort study experience

Pediatric Transplantation ◽

10.1111/petr.13067 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (8) ◽

pp. e13067 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Eyal Shemesh ◽

Jeffrey Mitchell ◽

Katie Neighbors ◽

Susan Feist ◽

Andre Hawkins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Representative Sample ◽

Study Experience

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Estimating lung cancer risk from chest X-ray and symptoms: a prospective cohort study

British Journal of General Practice ◽

10.3399/bjgp20x713993 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. bjgp20X713993

Author(s):

Stephen H Bradley ◽

Nathaniel Luke Fielding Hatton ◽

Rehima Aslam ◽

Bobby Bhartia ◽

Matthew EJ Callister ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Diagnostic Category ◽

Predictive Values ◽

X Ray ◽

Chest X Ray ◽

Diagnosis Of Lung Cancer

BackgroundChest X-ray (CXR) is the first-line investigation for lung cancer in many countries but previous research has suggested that the disease is not detected by CXR in approximately 20% of patients. The risk of lung cancer, with particular symptoms, following a negative CXR is not known.AimTo establish the sensitivity and specificity of CXR requested by patients who are symptomatic; determine the positive predictive values (PPVs) of each presenting symptom of lung cancer following a negative CXR; and determine whether symptoms associated with lung cancer are different in those who had a positive CXR result compared with those who had a negative CXR result.Design and settingA prospective cohort study was conducted in Leeds, UK, based on routinely collected data from a service that allowed patients with symptoms of lung cancer to request CXR.MethodSymptom data were combined with a diagnostic category (positive or negative) for each CXR, and the sensitivity and specificity of CXR for lung cancer were calculated. The PPV of lung cancer associated with each symptom or combination of symptoms was estimated for those patients with a negative CXR.ResultsIn total, 114 (1.3%) of 8996 patients who requested a CXR were diagnosed with lung cancer within 1 year. Sensitivity was 75.4% and specificity was 90.2%. The PPV of all symptoms for a diagnosis of lung cancer within 1 year of CXR was <1% for all individual symptoms except for haemoptysis, which had a PPV of 2.9%. PPVs for a diagnosis of lung cancer within 2 years of CXR was <1.5% for all single symptoms except for haemoptysis, which had a PPV of 3.9%.ConclusionCXR has limited sensitivity; however, in a population with a low prevalence of lung cancer, its high specificity and negative predictive value means that lung cancer is very unlikely to be present following a negative result. Findings also support guidance that unexplained haemoptysis warrants urgent referral, regardless of CXR result.

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