scholarly journals Usutu virus infection in a patient who underwent orthotropic liver transplantation, Italy, August-September 2009

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (50) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Cavrini ◽  
P Gaibani ◽  
G Longo ◽  
A M Pierro ◽  
G Rossini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Liver Transplant ◽  
Plasma Sample ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Usutu Virus ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Neuroinvasive Disease

We report a case of Usutu virus (USUV)-related illness in a patient that underwent an orthotropic liver transplant (OLT). Post transplant, the patient developed clinical signs of a possible neuroinvasive disease with a significant loss of cerebral functions. USUV was isolated in Vero E6 cells from a plasma sample obtained immediately before the surgery, and USUV RNA was demonstrated by RT-PCR and sequencing. This report enlarges the panel of emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus-related disease in humans.

scholarly journals Zika emergence in the French Territories of America and description of first confirmed cases of Zika virus infection on Martinique, November 2015 to February 2016

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (28) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise Daudens-Vaysse ◽  
Martine Ledrans ◽  
Noellie Gay ◽  
Vanessa Ardillon ◽  
Sylvie Cassadou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Suspected Case ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Zika Virus Infection

Following of the emergence of Zika virus in Brazil in 2015, an epidemiological surveillance system was quickly implemented in the French overseas Territories of America (FTA) according to previous experience with dengue and chikungunya and has detected first cases of Zika. General practitioners and medical microbiologists were invited to report all clinically suspected cases of Zika, laboratory investigations were systematically conducted (RT-PCR). On 18 December, the first autochthonous case of Zika virus infection was confirmed by RT-PCR on French Guiana and Martinique, indicating introduction of Zika virus in FTA. The viral circulation of Zika virus was then also confirmed on Guadeloupe and Saint-Martin. We report here early findings on 203 confirmed cases of Zika virus infection identified by RT-PCR or seroneutralisation on Martinique Island between 24 November 2015 and 20 January 2016. All cases were investigated. Common clinical signs were observed (maculopapular rash, arthralgia, fever, myalgia and conjunctival hyperaemia) among these patients, but the rash, the foundation of our case definition, may be absent in a significant proportion of patients (16%). These results are important for the implementation of a suspected case definition, the main tool for epidemiological surveillance, in territories that may be affected by ZIKV emergence, including Europe.

scholarly journals Widespread Usutu virus outbreak in birds in the Netherlands, 2016

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (45) ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Rijks ◽  
ML Kik ◽  
R Slaterus ◽  
RPB Foppen ◽  
A Stroo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Usutu Virus ◽  
Post Mortem Examination ◽  
Virus Activity

We report a widespread Usutu virus outbreak in birds in the Netherlands. Viral presence had been detected through targeted surveillance as early as April 2016 and increased mortality in common blackbirds and captive great grey owls was noticed from August 2016 onwards. Usutu virus infection was confirmed by post-mortem examination and RT-PCR. Extensive Usutu virus activity in the Netherlands in 2016 underlines the need to monitor mosquito activity and mosquito-borne infections in 2017 and beyond.

scholarly journals Outcomes in Hepatitis C Positive Liver Transplantation: Timing of Direct-Acting Antiviral Treatment and Impact on Graft Fibrosis

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1831
Author(s):  
Jennifer Wellington ◽  
Andrew Ma ◽  
Shyam Kottilil ◽  
Bharath Ravichandran ◽  
Jennifer Husson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Liver Transplant ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Direct Acting Antiviral ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Timing Of Treatment ◽  
Direct Acting ◽  
Liver Transplant Recipients

Liver transplantation for hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related disease has the lowest five-year graft survival among all liver transplant recipients. Graft failure due to accelerated fibrosis from unrestrained HCV replication is common. Optimal timing of HCV treatment with direct-acting antiviral agents remains unknown. We compared HCV liver transplant recipients successfully treated for HCV before transplant to those treated within 1 year of transplant to determine if graft fibrosis, measured by Fib-4 scores, differs with timing of treatment. Fib-4 scores less than or equal to 1.45 defined minimal fibrosis and greater than 1.45 defined greater than minimal fibrosis. We identified 117 liver transplant recipients: 52 treated before transplantation and 65 treated within 1 year of transplantation. Overall, 34% of recipients had minimal fibrosis, and the likelihood of having minimal fibrosis following treatment and liver transplantation did not differ by timing of treatment. The odds ratio of having greater than minimal fibrosis was 0.65 (95% CI 0.30, 1.42) among those treated within 1 year after transplantation compared to those treated before transplantation (p-value 0.28). Importantly, nearly 2/3 of these patients had evidence of fibrosis progression one year after sustained virologic response, supporting recommendations for early antiviral-based treatment to prevent accumulation of HCV-related disease.

Treatment of recurrent hepatitis C virus infection after liver transplantation

2007 ◽  
Vol 148 (40) ◽  
pp. 1875-1881
Author(s):  
Gabriella Lengyel ◽  
Zsolt Tulassay
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus Infection ◽  
Recurrent Hepatitis ◽  
Recurrent Hepatitis C

A májtranszplantációk fő indikációja a hepatitis C-fertőzés következtében kialakult végstádiumú C-cirrhosis hepatitis. A transzplantáció után a HCV-fertőzés visszatérése általános, a rekurráló C-hepatitis progresszív betegség, kezelés nélkül az immunszuppresszió mellett öt éven belül a betegek 20%-ában cirrhosist okoz. A visszatérő HCV-fertőzés kezelése a transzplantált betegek túlélésének legfontosabb meghatározó tényezője. A szerzők az irodalmi adatok és saját tapasztalatuk alapján áttekintik a kiújuló HCV-fertőzés kimenetelét befolyásoló tényezőket. Részletezik az immunszuppresszív kezelés hatását, a megfelelő immunszuppresszív gyógyszer kiválasztásának fontosságát. Áttekintik a visszatérő C-hepatitis diagnózisának fő szempontjait, hangsúlyozzák a protokoll szerint végzett májbiopsziák meghatározó szerepét a diagnózisban, a patológus, a hepatológus és a sebész szoros együttműködését. Ismertetik a várólistán lévő betegek kezelésével szerzett tapasztalatokat, a kiújult krónikus hepatitis korai preemptív kezelési eredményeit és a már szövettani elváltozásban megnyilvánuló krónikus C-hepatitis kezelési lehetőségeit és eredményeit. A transzplantáción átesett betegek krónikus C-hepatitisének jelenleg elfogadott gyógyszere a pegilált interferon és ribavirin kombinációja. Ezzel a terápiával a betegek 20–50%-ában tartós vírusmentesség érhető el. A vírusmentes betegekben egyértelműen csökken a májszövetben a gyulladásos aktivitás, javul a szövettani aktivitási index. A kezelés fibrózisgátló hatására is vannak adatok, ezek további megerősítése azonban multicentrikus vizsgálatokat igényel. A legtöbb tanulmány nem igazolja a korai, szövettani eltérés nélküli antivirális kezelés előnyét. Ebben a betegcsoportban a kezelés gyakori mellékhatása az anémia és a neutropenia, ezért ajánlott az erythropoetin és a granulocyta-stimuláló faktor adása. A rekurráló C-hepatitisben szenvedő betegek optimális kezelése, a pegilált interferon és ribavirin dózisának meghatározása, a terápia időtartama, a mellékhatások csökkentése, a nagyobb arányú gyógyulás elérése további vizsgálatokat, klinikai tanulmányokat tesz szükségessé.

scholarly journals Peritoneal Dialysis After Liver Transplantation: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 205435812110297
Author(s):  
Jean Maxime Côté ◽  
Isabelle Ethier ◽  
Héloïse Cardinal ◽  
Marie-Noëlle Pépin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Liver Transplant ◽  
Kidney Failure ◽  
Liver Graft ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Technique Survival ◽  
Liver Transplant Recipients

Background: Chronic kidney disease following liver transplantation is a major long-term complication. Most liver transplant recipients with kidney failure will be treated with dialysis instead of kidney transplantation due to noneligibility and shortage in organ availability. In this population, the role of peritoneal dialysis (PD) as a modality of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) remains unclear. Objective: To determine the feasibility regarding safety, technique survival, and dialysis efficiency of PD in liver transplant recipients requiring KRT for maintenance dialysis. Design: Systematic review. Setting: Interventional and observational studies reporting the use of PD after liver transplantation. Patients: Adult liver transplant recipients with kidney failure treated with maintenance KRT. Measurements: Extracted data included eligibility criteria, study design, demographics, and PD modality. The following outcomes of interest were extracted: rate of peritonitis and microorganisms involved, noninfectious peritoneal complications, technique survival, and kidney transplantation-censored technique survival. Non-PD complications included overall survival, liver graft dysfunction, and hospitalization rate. Methods: The following databases were searched until July 2020: MedLine/PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library. Two reviewers independently screening all titles and abstracts of all identified articles. Due to the limited sample size, observational designs and study heterogeneity expected, no meta-analysis was pre-planned. Descriptive statistics were used to report all results. Results: From the 5263 identified studies, 4 were included in the analysis as they reported at least 1 outcome of interest on a total of 21 liver transplant recipients, with an overall follow-up duration on PD of 19.0 (Interquartile range [IQR]: 9.5-29.5) months. Fifteen episodes of peritonitis occurred in a total cumulative PD follow-up of 514 patient-months, representing an incidence rate of 0.35 per year. These episodes did not result in PD technique failure, mortality, or impairment of liver graft function. Limitations: Limitations include the paucity of studies in the field and the small number of patients included in each report, a risk of publication bias and the impossibility to directly compare hemodialysis to PD in this population. These results, therefore, must be interpreted with caution. Conclusions: Based on limited data reporting the feasibility of PD in liver transplant recipients with kidney failure, no signal was associated with an increased risk of infectious complications. Long-term studies evaluating this modality need to be performed. Registration (PROSPERO): CRD42020218374.

scholarly journals Understanding Chronic Venous Disease: A Critical Overview of Its Pathophysiology and Medical Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 3239
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Ortega ◽  
Oscar Fraile-Martínez ◽  
Cielo García-Montero ◽  
Miguel A. Álvarez-Mon ◽  
Chen Chaowen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Venous Hypertension ◽  
Chronic Venous Disease ◽  
Venous Disease ◽  
Environmental Agents

Chronic venous disease (CVD) is a multifactorial condition affecting an important percentage of the global population. It ranges from mild clinical signs, such as telangiectasias or reticular veins, to severe manifestations, such as venous ulcerations. However, varicose veins (VVs) are the most common manifestation of CVD. The explicit mechanisms of the disease are not well-understood. It seems that genetics and a plethora of environmental agents play an important role in the development and progression of CVD. The exposure to these factors leads to altered hemodynamics of the venous system, described as ambulatory venous hypertension, therefore promoting microcirculatory changes, inflammatory responses, hypoxia, venous wall remodeling, and epigenetic variations, even with important systemic implications. Thus, a proper clinical management of patients with CVD is essential to prevent potential harms of the disease, which also entails a significant loss of the quality of life in these individuals. Hence, the aim of the present review is to collect the current knowledge of CVD, including its epidemiology, etiology, and risk factors, but emphasizing the pathophysiology and medical care of these patients, including clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatments. Furthermore, future directions will also be covered in this work in order to provide potential fields to explore in the context of CVD.

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