scholarly journals Nosocomial and non-nosocomial Clostridium difficile infections in hospitalised patients in Belgium - compulsory surveillance data from 2008 to 2010

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (43) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Viseur ◽  
M L Lambert ◽  
M Delmée ◽  
J Van Broeck ◽  
B Catry
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Pseudomembranous Colitis ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Case Characteristics

Surveillance of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is compulsory in Belgian hospitals. Our objectives were to compare incidence and case characteristics of nosocomial infections (Nc-CDI) with onset of diarrhoea more than two days after hospital admission, with non-nosocomial cases (Nnc-CDI). The database included inpatients from 2008 to 2010. Of 8,351 cases reported by 150 hospitals, 3,102 (37%) were classified as Nnc-CDI and 5,249 (63%) as Nc-CDI. In 2010, the mean incidence per 1,000 admissions was 0.95 for Nc-CDI and 0.56 for Nnc-CDI. Both incidences were relatively stable over the three years, with a slight decrease in 2010 (p<0.01). Onset of symptoms in Nnc-CDI cases took place in the community (57.1%), nursing homes (14.2%) or hospitals (17.5%); data for 11.2% were missing. Nnc-CDI cases were younger than Nc-CDI (median age 75 vs. 79 years, p<0.001), and more likely to be women (62% vs. 57%, p<0.001) and to have pseudomembranous colitis (5.3% vs. 1.6%, p<0.001). In 2009, C. difficile ribotype 027 was found in 32 of 70 reporting hospitals compared with 19 of 69 in 2010 (p<0.03). Although our study population only included hospitalised patients, the results do not support the hypothesis of an increase in the incidence of severe community-associated CDI.

scholarly journals Clostridium difficile infection: a Serbian single-center experience

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
pp. 136-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milos Korac ◽  
Ivana Milosevic ◽  
Marko Markovic ◽  
Natasa Popovic ◽  
Milena Ilic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽  
Pseudomembranous Colitis ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Stool Culture ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Introduction: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the most common cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea. Severity of CDI is associated with advanced age and co-morbidities. The clinical spectrum varies from mild watery diarrhea to severe fulminant pseudomembranous colitis with complications. Methodology: This study conducted over a six-year period (2008 to 2013) included 510 patients treated at the University Hospital for Infectious and Tropical Diseases in Belgrade, Serbia. In patients with a history of previous hospitalization and/or treatment with antimicrobial agents who developed diarrhea, the diagnosis was established with rapid tests for C. difficile toxin A and B and by stool culture for C. difficile (454 patients) or by endoscopic examination and histological analyses of the biopsy samples taken from the colonic mucosa (56 patients). Results: The mean age of patients was 67.71± 13.34 years. A total of 67.8% patients were older than 65 years. Over half (58.7%) of the patients were female. 93% had been previously hospitalized and/or had surgical interventions, during which they had been treated with antibiotics. In the clinical presentation spectrum, pseudomembranous colitis occurred in 51.0% .The mean duration of illness after the introduction of specific antibiotic therapy was 7.10 ± 4.88 days. Complications developed in 14 patients. The disease relapsed in 43 (8.4%). Thirty-two (6.3%) patients died, mostly due to co-morbidities. Conclusions: CDI is the most important cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea in Serbia. The disease mainly affects elderly patients with co-morbidities. The incidence of complications is low and prognosis is age dependent and related to pre-existing diseases.

scholarly journals Clostridium difficile Infection Epidemiology over a Period of 8 Years—A Single Centre Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicoleta Negrut ◽  
Delia Carmen Nistor-Cseppento ◽  
Shamim Ahmad Khan ◽  
Carmen Pantis ◽  
Teodor Andrei Maghiar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Common Infectious Disease ◽  
Single Centre Study ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
The Mean ◽  
North Western ◽  
Antibiotic Associated Diarrhoea

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the most common infectious disease related to antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and is a current leading cause of morbidity/mortality, with substantial consequences for healthcare services and overall public health. Thus, we performed a retrospective epidemiological study of CDI for a long period (8 years), in an infectious hospital located in north-western Romania, which serves an entire county of the country (617,827 inhabitants). From 2011 to 2018, 877 patients were diagnosed with CDI; the mean incidence of this disease was 2.76 cases/10,000 patient-days, with an increasing trend in the annual incidence until 2016, at which point there was a decrease. The most commonly afflicted were patients in the 75–84 age group, observed in winter and spring. The results show that the antibiotics were administered in 679 (77.42%) subjects, within the last 3 months before CDI, statistically significant more than proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs)—128 (14.60%) and antidepressant medications—60 (6.84%), which were administered during the same period (p < 0.001). No medication was reported in 10 (6.84%) cases of CDI, in the last 3 months of the study. The fatality rate attained 4.1%, tripling in 2018 vs. 2011. CDI became a significant public health conundrum that can, nevertheless, be combatted through a judicious use of antibiotics.

Surveillance for Clostridium Difficile Infection in Nursing Homes

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Mylotte ◽  
Sara Russell ◽  
Beth Sackett ◽  
Marisa Vallone ◽  
Matthew Antalek
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Infection

scholarly journals An effect of single high dose of vitamin D3 on the risk of nosocomial infections, hospitalization time and mortality in hospitalized elderly population. A preliminary report

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Dorota Leszczyńska ◽  
Agata Tuszyńska ◽  
Magdalena Zgliczyńska ◽  
Wojciech Zgliczyński ◽  
Waldemar Misiorowski
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Single High Dose ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Observational studies indicate a significant impact of serum 25(OH)D concentration on incidence of hospital-acquired infections. However, we did not find any interventional study assessing the effect of vitamin D3 administration at the admission on the course of further hospitalization in internal medicine departments. Objective of the paper: Investigation of the impact of one-time high-dose vitamin D3 administration in elderly patients on the day of urgent admission to the hospital, on hospital-acquired infections. Materials and methods: A randomized, two-arms, open pilot study in 97 adults aged 60-100. A study group was given a single dose of 60,000 IU vitamin D3 and a control group was not subject to any intervention. Serum 25(OH)D and calcium were measured at the baseline and after 7 days. Results: 77.32% of studied patients were vitamin deficient, and among those, in 28.87% severe vitamin D deficiency was found. After single administration of 60,000 IU of vitamin D3, only 4 patients achieved recommended serum 25(OH)D concentration. The highest increase in serum 25(OH)D was observed in patients with severe deficiency. Numbers of observed nosocomial infections such as flu, hospital-acquired pneumonia or Klebsiella pneumoniae MBL+ infection did not differ significantly between study and control group, however there was a trend close to significance for lower incidence of Clostridium difficile infection in the vitamin D3 group. Conclusions: Preliminary results of the presented research indicate possible protective effect of single high dose of vitamin D3 against Clostridium difficile infection during hospitalization. Further research on larger group of patients, using higher dose of vitamin D3 is necessary.

scholarly journals Multicentre study of the prevalence of toxigenic Clostridium difficile in Korea: results of a retrospective study 2000–2005

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 697-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo-Moon Shin ◽  
Eun Young Kuak ◽  
Hyeon Mi Yoo ◽  
Eui Chong Kim ◽  
Kyungwon Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Multicentre Study ◽  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Pseudomembranous Colitis ◽  
Nosocomial Pathogen ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassays ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Year 2000

The prevalence of toxigenic Clostridium difficile in Korea has been reported to be approximately 60–80 %. Although the prevalence of the tcdA−tcdB+ C. difficile strain was less then 5 % prior to the year 2000, it has become an emerging nosocomial pathogen in Korea. Therefore, we have attempted to determine the multicentre nationwide prevalence of tcdA+tcdB+ and tcdA−tcdB+ C. difficile for epidemiological purposes. C. difficile strains (n=724, 30 from 2000, 80 from 2001, 74 from 2002, 76 from 2003, 179 from 2004, 285 from 2005) were obtained retrospectively from January 2000 to December 2005 from in-patients at 6 hospitals, all of whom were suspected of having C. difficile-associated disease (CDAD), colitis or pseudomembranous colitis. The numbers of participating hospitals varied yearly (1 in 2000, 2 in 2001–2003, 3 in 2004, 5 in 2005). The hospitals were located in Seoul (n=4), Kyunggi Province (n=1) and Busan (n=1), Korea. PCR assays for tcdA and tcdB genes were conducted using 724 unduplicated C. difficile isolates. The mean prevalence of tcdA+tcdB+ and tcdA−tcdB+ C. difficile strains over the 6 years was 51.8 % (38.4–59.3 %) and 25.8 %(10–56.0 %), respectively. The mean prevalence of tcdA−tcdB+ C. difficile strains was less than 7 % until 2002, but began to increase in 2003 (13.2 %) and achieved a peak in 2004 (50.3 %). In 2005, the mean prevalence of tcdA+tcdB+ and tcdA−tcdB+ C. difficile strains was 47.7 % (30.9–60.3 %) and 27.0 % (17.6–54.8 %), respectively. This nationwide epidemiological study showed that tcdA−tcdB+ C. difficile strains have already spread extensively throughout Korea, and our results provide basic data regarding the controversies currently surrounding the toxigenicity of tcdA−tcdB+ C. difficile. The use of enzyme immunoassays capable of detecting both TcdA and TcdB is strongly recommended for the diagnosis of CDAD in microbiology laboratories, in order to control the spread of the tcdA−tcdB+ strains of C. difficile.

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