New guidelines in the United States on bat contact and rabies post exposure prophylaxis: should Europe take note?

The paper presents fundamental knowledge concerning Bacillus anthracis and its potential terrorist misuse. The basic clinical forms are resumed with emphasis on inhalation infection from inspiration of B. anthracis spores. The AVA vaccine licensed in the United States, primary vaccination, protective efficacy of the vaccine, and adverse events are characterised. Stress is laid on pre-exposure and post-exposure prophylaxis of anthrax.

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Post-Exposure Prophylaxis with Single-Dose Doxycycline is Effective for Prevention of Lyme Disease in Both the United States and Europe and is also Effective for Prevention of Syphilis and Tick-Borne Relapsing Fever

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease ◽

10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2021.115367 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 115367

Author(s):

Gary P. Wormser ◽

Stephen Warshafsky ◽

Paul Visintainer

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Single Dose ◽

Lyme Disease ◽

The United States ◽

Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽

Relapsing Fever ◽

Post Exposure ◽

Exposure Prophylaxis

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Immediate Hypersensitivity Reaction Related to Rabies Post-Exposure-Prophylaxis in Thailand with Subsequent Rabies Vaccine Change to Avoid Polygeline Vaccine Excipient with Successful Challenge and Treatment Tolerance in the United States

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofx163.164 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. S124-S125 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J Michael Beckham ◽

Lenora Noroski ◽

J Chase McNeil

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Hypersensitivity Reaction ◽

The United States ◽

Rabies Vaccine ◽

Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽

Immediate Hypersensitivity ◽

Post Exposure ◽

Exposure Prophylaxis ◽

Treatment Tolerance

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Health impact and cost of COVID-19 prophylaxis with monoclonal antibodies

10.1101/2021.08.31.21262923 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Abraham D. Flaxman ◽

Rodal Issema ◽

Ruanne V. Barnabas ◽

Jennifer M. Ross

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

Health System ◽

Vaccine Coverage ◽

Unit Cost ◽

The United States ◽

Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽

Post Exposure ◽

Exposure Prophylaxis ◽

The Impact

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to over 600,000 deaths in the United States and continues to disrupt lives even as effective vaccines are available. We aimed to estimate the impact and health system cost of implementing post-exposure prophylaxis against household exposure to COVID-19 with monoclonal antibodies. Methods: We developed a decision-analytical model analysis of results from a recent randomized controlled trial with complementary data on household demographic structure, vaccine coverage, and COVID-19 confirmed case counts for the representative month of May, 2021. The model population includes individuals of all ages in the United States by sex and race/ethnicity. Results: In a month of similar intensity to May, 2021, in the USA, a monoclonal antibody post-exposure prophylaxis program reaching 50% of exposed unvaccinated household members aged 50+, would avert 1,813 (1,171 - 2,456) symptomatic infections, 526 (343 - 716) hospitalizations, and 83 (56 - 116) deaths. Assuming the unit cost of administering the intervention was US$ 1,264, this program would save the health system US$ 3,055,202 (-14,034,632 - 18,787,692). Conclusions: Currently in the United States, health system and public health actors have an opportunity to improve health and reduce costs through COVID-19 post-exposure prophylaxis with monoclonal antibodies.

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Tracking HIV Post-Exposure Prophylaxis using Syndromic Surveillance in NYC Emergency Departments

Online Journal of Public Health Informatics ◽

10.5210/ojphi.v7i1.5755 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Stephanie Ngai ◽

Zoe Edelstein ◽

Julie Myers ◽

Don Weiss

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

New York City ◽

Emergency Departments ◽

Syndromic Surveillance ◽

The United States ◽

Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽

Syndromic Surveillance System ◽

Post Exposure ◽

Threefold Increase ◽

Exposure Prophylaxis

HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) prescriptions are not uniformly monitored in the United States. We developed a method to identify PEP-related visits in New York City emergency departments (EDs). Using ED data, we observed a threefold increase in PEP-related visits to NYC EDs from 2002-2013. 73% of PEP-related visits were among males, and 45% among adults ages 25-34 years. Incorporation of this method of PEP monitoring in the NYC syndromic surveillance system will be used to observe trends and inform HIV outreach efforts.

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688. Impact of Expanded Influenza Post-exposure Prophylaxis on Healthcare Worker Absenteeism at a Tertiary Care Center During the 2017–2018 Season

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofy210.695 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. S248-S248

Author(s):

Mireia Puig-Asensio ◽

Margaret Douglas ◽

Stephanie Holley ◽

Mary Beth Kukla ◽

Oluchi Abosi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sick Leave ◽

Healthcare Worker ◽

Care Center ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Safety Net ◽

The United States ◽

Vaccination Status ◽

Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽

Post Exposure ◽

Exposure Prophylaxis

Abstract Background A severe 2017–2018 influenza season was expected for the United States. We hypothesized that a surge in influenza cases paired with decreased vaccine effectiveness could increase healthcare worker (HCW) absenteeism. Because of a potential public health emergency during the 2017–2018 season, we offered oseltamivir post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) to exposed HCWs regardless of vaccination status. We describe PEP uptake, cost, and impact on absenteeism at the University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics (UIHC). Methods UIHC serves as a referral and safety net health system for Eastern Iowa. Influenza seasons were defined as the period between Week 40 from 1 year to Week 13 of the following year. During the 2016–2017 season, PEP (75 mg/day for 7 days) was offered free of charge to unvaccinated exposed HCWs. Exposure was defined as proximity within 3 ft of a confirmed influenza-infected person for ≥10 minutes without mask protection, or direct contact with respiratory secretions. During the 2017–2018 season, PEP was expanded to all exposed HCWs regardless of vaccination status. We reviewed surveillance, employee health, pharmacy, and human resources records for the 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 seasons. We defined PEP uptake as prescriptions picked up/all referrals and absenteeism rate as sick-leave requests/scheduled hours. Results During the 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 seasons, we detected 373 and 427 confirmed influenza cases among patients at UIHC. HCW vaccination rates were similar: 89.7% and 90.9%. PEP was recommended in 49 exposures during 2016–2017 and 280 exposures during 2017–2018. A total of 22 (44.9%) and 133 (47.5%) HCWs picked up oseltamivir from the pharmacy during the 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 seasons. The estimated cost of oseltamivir was $1,791 and $10,828, respectively. Overall, 6,187 sick-leave requests (median = 12 hours, absenteeism rate = 3.2%), and 6,174 sick-leave requests (median = 12 hours, absenteeism rate = 3.4%) were reported during the 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 seasons. Conclusion Influenza case counts mildly increased from the 2016–2017 to the 2017–2018 season. Expanding PEP to all exposed HCWs, regardless of vaccination status, had moderate uptake and was costly. Absenteeism rates remained similar during both seasons. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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