scholarly journals Influence of tillage systems and herbicides on weed control and yield of cotton in wheat-cotton system

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-406
Author(s):  
Niamat Ullah Khan ◽  
Aftab Ahmad Khan ◽  
Sami Ullah ◽  
Imran Ullah ◽  
Shitab Khan
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Hand Weeding

Wheat–cotton system is a major production system in Pakistan, however, cotton yield is declining in the system most likely due to weeds infestation and intensive tillage practices. Conservation tillage such as reduced and zero tillage in combination with appropriate herbicide may have the potential to enhance cotton yield on sustainable basis. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of herbicides under different tillage systems on weed control and cotton yield in wheat-cotton system. A field experiment was conducted at Cotton Research Station, Ratta Kulachi, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan, during 2017 and 2018. In the experiment, post-emergence herbicides, i.e. floxyfop-R-methyl 10.8 EC (108 g a.i. ha-1), lactofen 24 EC (168 g a.i. ha-1), floxyfop 10.8 EC + lactofen 24 EC, hand weeding, weedy check and three tillage systems (zero tillage, reduced tillage and conventional tillage) were evaluated in randomized compete block design (RCBD), with split plot arrangements, replicated 4 times. Tillage was allotted to main plots while herbicides were applied to subplots. The results revealed that hand weeding and floxyfop as post emergence alone or in combination with lactofen reduced weed density to the minimum irrespective of the tillage systems. Maximum dry weed biomass was recorded in control. Interaction effects revealed that reduced tillage in combination with broad spectrum herbicides had maximum weed population reduction percentage. Reduced tillage with broad spectrum herbicides had seed cotton yield compared to zero and conventional tillage. In conclusion, broad-spectrum herbicides under reduced tillage were more productive in wheat based cropping system on silty clay soil of D.I.Khan.

Effect of Cultural Practices on Weed Control and Crop Response in Imidazolinone-Tolerant Rice

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald J. Levy ◽  
Jason A. Bond ◽  
Eric P. Webster ◽  
James L. Griffin ◽  
Steven D. Linscombe
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Seed Harvest

Field research was conducted for 3 yr to evaluate crop response and weed control under conventional and reduced tillage in drill- and water-seeded imidazolinone-tolerant (IT) rice culture. Imazethapyr was applied at 70 g ai/ha PRE followed by (fb) imazethapyr at 70 g/ha applied POST to three- to four-leaf rice or at 105 g/ha PRE fb 70 g/ha POST. In both conventional and reduced tillage systems, imazethapyr applied PRE fb POST at 70 g ai/ha controlled red rice, barnyardgrass, Amazon sprangletop, and rice flatsedge 87 to 99% 35 d after POST treatment (DAT). At 35 DAT, Indian jointvetch control with sequential applications of imazethapyr was as high as 70% in water-seeded rice but no more than 54% in drill-seeded rice. Tillage, seeding method, and imazethapyr rate had no effect on days to 50% heading, seeds per panicle, seed weight per panicle, or percentage of seed harvest. However, a reduction of 27% in days to 50% heading, 80% in seeds per panicle, 84% in seed weight per panicle, and 100% in percentage seed harvest index occurred when imazethapyr was not applied because of weed interference. Culm number was reduced 28%, and culm weight 32% under reduced tillage compared with conventional tillage. With sequential applications of imazethapyr at 70 g/ha, rice yield was 63% greater when rice was water-seeded compared with drill-seeded. No differences in tillage systems for weed control, days to 50% heading, seed number, seed weight per panicle, percent seed, panicle height, lodging, or yield were observed. Results of these experiments demonstrate imazethapyr will effectively control weeds in both water- and drill-seeded rice and that reduced tillage can be used without negatively affecting rice production.

Reduced Rates of Herbicides Following Hilling Controlled Weeds in Conventional and Reduced Tillage Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Production

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin R. Bellinder ◽  
Russell W. Wallace ◽  
Erik D. Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Split Application ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Herbicide Treatment

Time of hilling (4, 5, or 6 weeks after planting; WAP) and 0.5x, 1x, and split (0.5x + 0.5x) rates of metolachlor + metribuzin were evaluated in conventional tillage (CT) and rye-stubble, reduced tillage (RT) potato plots. Weed populations 4 to 10 WAP were generally higher in CT than in RT. Weed control was excellent in both tillage systems when 1x rates of metolachlor + metribuzin were applied delayed preemergence, or in a split application where 0.5x was applied delayed PRE and hilled 6 WAP, and followed with a second application of 0.5x metolachlor + metribuzin 7 days after hilling (DAH). Weed control with 0.5x rates of metolachlor + metribuzin applied 7 DAH, when hilled 4 and 5 WAP, was equivalent to the lx and split-rate treatments. Weed control was reduced only when hilling was delayed to 6 WAP and 0.5x of metolachlor + metribuzin applied 7 DAH. Total yields were not influenced by tillage, hilling, or herbicide treatment, however, larger numbers of green and small-sized tubers reduced marketable yields in RT.

Root penetration profiles of wheat and barley as affected by soil penetration resistance in field conditions

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Martino ◽  
Carl F. Shaykewich
Keyword(s):  
Soil Surface ◽  
Mechanical Impedance ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Root Penetration ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Penetrometer Resistance

A study was conducted on three Manitoba soils (Marquette heavy clay, Fortier silty clay loam, and Souris loamy sand) with the objectives of: (a) assessing the effects of contrasting tillage systems on various soil physical properties; and (b) relating root penetration of cereals to these properties. The zero tillage (ZT) and conventional tillage (CT) treatments had been established between 3 (Marquette and Souris) and 10 (Fortier) years prior to the initiation of the study. Penetrometer resistance (PR), bulk density (BD) and pore size distribution (PSD) were measured at various depths and times during two growing seasons. The effects of tillage systems on soil properties were generally small, particularly in the poorly structured Souris loamy sand. PR in the top 10 cm of soil tended to be higher under ZT than under CT. PR varied markedly with time and was closely related to changes in soil water content. The proportion of macropores (> 100 μm in diameter) near the soil surface tended to be higher under ZT than under CT. There was no evidence of any detrimental effect of poor aeration on the final root penetration profiles of wheat. The proportion of roots penetrating the soil was inversely related to PR. Soil strength critical for root penetration was determined to be 2 MPa and was independent of soil type. In most situations, however, roots were able to grow into soil with mechanical impedance greater than 2 MPa, possibly by making use of biochannels and spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the soil structure. Key words: Wheat, barley, zero tillage, conventional tillage, root penetration, penetration resistance

scholarly journals Herbicide and Rye Cover Crop Residue Integration Affect Weed Control and Yield in Strip-Tillage Peanut

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.S. Aulakh ◽  
M. Saini ◽  
A.J. Price ◽  
W.H. Faircloth ◽  
E. van Santen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Strip Tillage ◽  
Common Bermudagrass ◽  
Large Crabgrass

ABSTRACT Reduced-tillage peanut production is increasing due to reduced production costs and increased environmental and economic benefits compared to conventional systems. Experiments were conducted in Alabama and Georgia between 2005 and 2007 to evaluate a strip-tillage system utilizing a high-residue cereal rye cover crop, in comparison to a conventional tillage system. Six weed management schemes were evaluated including a preemergence (PRE) application of pendimethalin alone at 1.12 kg ai/ha or in combination with S-metolachlor at 1.36 kg ai/ha. Both PRE applications were applied alone or followed by (fb) a postemergence (POST) application consisting of a mixture of paraquat at 0.140 kg ai/ha plus bentazon at 0.56 kg ai/ha plus 2,4-DB at 0.224 kg ae/ha. The remaining two treatments consisted of a no-herbicide control and aforementioned POST-only application. In 2005 at the Alabama location, pendimethalin plus metolachlor with or without a POST application controlled all weeds >91% in the strip tillage treatment and controlled tall morningglory, yellow nutsedge, and common bermudagrass >83% in the conventional tillage system. Pendimethalin fb a POST application controlled all weeds > 97%, except large crabgrass (75%) and common bermudagrass (≤ 58%) regardless of tillage system. In 2007, pendimethalin and pendimethalin plus S-metolachlor followed by (fb) a POST application controlled smooth pigweed, tall morningglory, large crabgrass, Florida beggarweed, and sicklepod 70 to 99%, across tillage systems. In 2005 at the Georgia location, large crabgrass control was consistently reduced in strip-tillage compared to conventional tillage regardless of herbicide treatment. In 2006, pendimethalin plus S-metolachlor fb POST controlled common bermudagrass and yellow nutsedge 74 to 99%. Herbicide treatment effect on peanut yield varied with environment. Peanut yield was equivalent or greater by 25% or more in 3 of 4 site years utilizing strip-tillage indicating a yield advantage compared to conventional tillage. Peanut market grade was not affected by any herbicide treatments or tillage methods evaluated. Results show that producers can maintain weed control, equivalent grade and yield in reduced-tillage systems when utilizing a high-residue conservation agriculture system integrated with a PRE plus POST herbicide system.

scholarly journals Respuesta del cultivo de maíz a la labranza de conservación en cuatro diferentes suelos tropicales.

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Ureste ◽  
Santos Campos
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Tillage System

Under the rainfed conditions of the central zonc of Veracruz Mexico, the res pon se of the maize crop to the conventional, reduced and zero tillage systems was evaluated in four tropical soils of different texture and drainagc degree. Plant population and grain yield were used as indicating variables. Economical aspects were measured by the Cost/Benefit relationship. The most uniform and highest plant population and grain yield were achieved in the fine and medium textured, well drained Fluvisols, showing no difference between these two soils or among the four tillage systems. In the coarse textured,excessively drained Luvisol, the plant population was higher with zero tillage than with the reduced and conventional tillage; however, the grain yield achieved with zero and reduced tillage was practically alike, but higher than that achieved with the conventional tillage. In the fine textured, poorly drained Venisol, the lowest graio yield was obtained with the four tillage systems, being higher for the conventional tillage system. Zero and reduced tillage reached the highest Cost/Benefit relationship in the Fluvisols and Luvisols. On the clay Vertisol soils, it is not economically feasible to produce corn with any of the studied tillage systems, unless the excess moisture in the soil is reduced.

Influence of tillage andTriticum aestivumcover crop on herbicide efficacy inOryza sativa

Weed Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Jordan ◽  
Patrick K. Bollich ◽  
Michael P. Braverman ◽  
Dearl E. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Herbicide Programs ◽  
Herbicide Propanil

Field experiments were conducted from 1994 through 1996 in dry-seeded and water-seededOryza sativato compare weed control andO. sativayield in conventional tillage and reduced tillage (stale seedbed andTriticum aestivumcover crop) systems with no in-season herbicide, propanil applied early postemergence (EPOST), and propanil EPOST followed by propanil plus molinate (dry-seeded production) or granular molinate (water-seeded production). TheT. aestivumcover crop reducedEchinochloa crus-galli, Heteranthera limosa, Ammania coccinea, andCyperus esculentusinfestation and reduced the need for in-season herbicides in some but not all experiments.Oryza sativagrain yield was affected by both tillage systems and herbicide programs; however, these treatment factors influenced yield independently. Increasing the number of in-season herbicide applications increased weed control andO. sativayield in some but not all experiments.

Soil microbial biomass and diversity respond to tillage and sulphur fertilizers

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 577-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Z. Lupwayi ◽  
M. A. Monreal ◽  
G. W. Clayton ◽  
C. A. Grant ◽  
A. M. Johnston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Soil Microbial

There is little information on the effects of S management strategies on soil microorganisms under zero tillage systems o n the North American Prairies. Experiments were conducted to examine the effects of tillage and source and placement of S on soil microbial biomass (substrate induced respiration) and functional diversity (substrate utilization patterns) in a canola-wheat rotation under conventional and zero tillage systems at three sites in Gray Luvisolic and Black Chernozemic soils. Conventional tillage significantly reduced microbial biomass and diversity on an acidic and C-poor Luvisolic soil, but it had mostly no significant effects on the near-neutral, C-rich Luvisolic and Chernozemic soils, which underlines the importance of soil C in maintaining a healthy soil. Sulphur had no significant effects on soil microbial biomass, and its effects on microbial diversity were more frequent on the near-neutral Luvisol, which was more S-deficient, than on the acidic Luvisol or the Chernozem. Significant S effects on microbial diversity were observed both in the bulk soil (negative effects, compared with the control) and rhizosphere (positive effects) of the acidic Luvisol, but all significant effects (positive) were observed in root rhizospheres in the other soils. Sulphur by tillage interactions on acidic Luvisolic soil indicated that the negative effects of S in bulk soil occurred mostly under zero tillage, presumably because the fertilizer is concentrated in a smaller volume of soil than under conventional tillage. Sulphate S effects, either negative or positive, on microbial diversity were usually greater than elemental S effects. Therefore, S application can have direct, deleterious effects on soil microorganisms or indirect, beneficial effects through crop growth, the latter presumably due to increased root exudation in the rhizosphere of healthy crops. Key Words: Biolog, conservation tillage, microbial biodiversity, rhizosphere, soil biological quality, S fertilizer type and placement

scholarly journals Productivity of rainfed mustard in relation to tillage and mulching

1970 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
NA Mondal ◽  
SMA Hossain ◽  
SU Bhuiya ◽  
M Jahiruddin
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Tillage Methods

Field experiments were conducted at the Regional Agricultural Research Station of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Jessore during rabi (winter) seasons of 1999-2001 to study the tillage and mulching effects on conservation of residual soil moisture, yield attributes and yield of mustard (cv. Daulat.). Three different tillage methods, namely minimum, reduced and conventional tillage were used in the main plots and three different mulch materials, namely rice straw, water hyacinth, black polythene including no mulch were used in the sup-plots. It was observed that reduced tillage and polythene mulch or rice straw mulch conserve more moisture than other tillage methods and mulch application. Tillage practice significantly influenced the dry matter, yield and yield components of mustard. Reduced tillage gave consistently the highest seed yield (969 kg/ha), while minimum tillage gave the lowest seed yield (92 kg/ha). Mulching also resulted in better crop growth and increased yield. Significantly higher seed yield (1164 kg/ha) was recorded from black polythene mulch followed by rice straw mulch (1089 kg/ha). The yield of mustard was obtained due to the interaction effects on reduced tillage and polythene mulch followed by conventional tillage and polythene mulch, which was found superior to all other treatments. Results revealed that polythene mulch or rice straw mulch accompanied by reduced tillage was economically profitable for mustard cultivation/production under rainfed condition. Key Words: Rainfed mustard, tillage, mulching. doi: 10.3329/bjar.v33i4.2303 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 33(4) : 597-606, December 2008

scholarly journals Examination of the physical state of the soil under conventional and reduced tillage systems

2013 ◽  
pp. 183-186
Author(s):  
Géza Tuba
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Tillage Systems

he effect of reduced and conventional tillage systems on soil compaction and moisture content in two years with extreme weather conditions is introduced in this paper. The investigations were carried out in a long-term soil cultivation experiment set on a heavy textured meadow chernozem soil at the Karcag Research Institute. In 2010 the amount of precipitation during the vegetation period of winter wheat was 623.3 mm, 2.2 times higher than the 50-year average, while in 2011 this value was 188.7 mm giving only 65% of the average. The examinations were made after harvest on stubbles on 4 test plots in 5 replications in the case of each tillage system. Soil compaction was characterised by penetration resistance values, while the actual soil moisture contents were determined by gravimetry. The values of penetration resistance and soil moisture content of the cultivated soil layer were better in the case of reduced tillage under extreme precipitation conditions. It could be established that regular application of deep soil loosening is essential due to the formation of the unfavourable compact soil layer under 30 cm. Conventional tillage resulted in enhanced compaction under the depth of ploughing, the penetration resistance can reach the value of 4 MPa under wet, while even 8 MPa under dry soil status.

Weed Control in Navy Bean in Reduced Tillage Systems

jpa ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary E. Powell ◽  
Karen A. Renner
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Navy Bean ◽  
Tillage Systems
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