scholarly journals Potential health impact of transport traffic restriction in the center of Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Samir Mehtiyev
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Health Priorities ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Pollution Effects ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Air Pollution Effects

The transport traffic is known to be the major reason for air pollution in urban areas. Two pollutants should be considered with attention: the particles with diameter of less than 10 microns (PM10) and carbon monoxide. The paper discusses application of time-series and geographical studies to the investigation of air pollution health effects as well as attempts to estimate potential health impact of restriction traffic in the center of Baku by 25% based on local data published in 2012(4) and 2013(5). Time-series studies investigate association between short-term variations in air pollution levels and health events counts. Confounding factors that change slowly over the time do not introduce much distortion for the association in question as population is used as its own control. Geographical studies aimed at investigation of association between long-term exposure to air pollution and chronic health outcomes. They are known to be prone to confounding because they compare populations from different locations. The evidence of air pollution effects from time-series and geographical studies is complementary. The problem of traffic air pollution is being intensified with each year and becomes one of the main public health priorities in Baku. Assuming that the results of six cities study (3) can be generalized to Baku the total number of preventable annual deaths should be around 419 in case of restriction traffic in the center of Baku by 25%. For the low border of 95%CI the result is as much as 153. Despite uncertainties in assumptions the produced evidence fully justifies the proposed intervention.

Air Pollution Effects on Mortality - Sinergyc and Isolated Effects Using Time-Series and Case-Crossover Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 2759
Author(s):  
Samya Pinheiro* ◽  
Paulo Saldiva ◽  
Joel Schwartz ◽  
Antonella Zanobetti
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Pollution Effects ◽  
Case Crossover ◽  
Air Pollution Effects ◽  
Crossover Analysis

scholarly journals Health-Based Approach to Determine Alert and Information Thresholds for Particulate Matter Air Pollution

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1345
Author(s):  
Łukasz Adamkiewicz ◽  
Katarzyna Maciejewska ◽  
Krzysztof Skotak ◽  
Michal Krzyzanowski ◽  
Artur Badyda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Pm10 Concentration ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Guideline Value

In this study Health Impact Assessment (HIA) methods were used to evaluate potential health benefits related to keeping air pollution levels in Poland under certain threshold concentrations. Impacts of daily mean particulate matter (PM)10 levels on hospital admissions due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases were considered. Relative risk coefficients were adopted from WHO HRAPIE project. The analyses covered period from 2015 to 2017, and were limited to the heating season (1st and 4th quarter of the year), when the highest PM10 concentrations occur. The national total number of hospital admissions attributed to PM10 concentration exceeding WHO daily Air Quality Guideline value of 50 µg/m3 was calculated for each of the 46 air quality zones established in Poland. We found that the reduction of the attributable hospital admissions by 75% or 50% of that expected for the “best case scenario”, with no days with PM10 concentration exceeding 50 µg/m3 would require avoidance of exceedance by the daily mean PM10 concentration of 64 µg/m3 and 83 µg/m3, respectively. These concentrations were proposed as the information and alert thresholds, respectively. The alert thresholds were exceeded on 2 and 38 days per year in the least and the most polluted zones, respectively. Exceedances of the information thresholds occurred on 6 and 66 days in these zones.

Air pollution, mortality, at-risk population, new entry and life expectancy of the frail elderly in three U.S. cities

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian J. Murray ◽  
Frederick W. Lipfert
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pollution Effects ◽  
Risk Population ◽  
Air Pollution Effects ◽  
New Entrants

AbstractWe present the findings of a new time-series model that estimates short-term health effects of particulate matter and ozone, as applied to three U.S. cities. The model is based on observed fluctuations of daily death counts and estimates the corresponding daily subpopulations at-risk of imminent death; it also shows that virtually all elderly deaths are preceded by a brief period of extreme frailty. We augment previous research by allowing new entrants to this at-risk population to be influenced by the environment, rather than be random. The mean frail subpopulations in the three cities, each containing between 3000 and 5000 daily observations on mortality, pollution, and temperature, are estimated to be about 0.1% of those aged 65 or more, and their life expectancies in this frail status are about one week. We find losses in life expectancy due to air pollution and temperature to be at most one day. Air pollution effects on new entrants into the frail population tend to exceed those on mortality. Our results provide context to the many time-series studies that have found significant short-term relationships between air quality and survival, and they suggest that benefits of air quality improvement should be based on increased life expectancy rather than estimated numbers of excess deaths.

Time series analysis of ambient air pollution effects on daily mortality

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (25) ◽  
pp. 20261-20272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinsheng Guo ◽  
Yue Ma ◽  
Yanwei Zhang ◽  
Suli Huang ◽  
Yongsheng Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Daily Mortality ◽  
Pollution Effects ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
Air Pollution Effects

Air pollution effects on hospital admissions: a statistical analysis of parallel time series

1994 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Burnett ◽  
S. Bartlett ◽  
D. Krewski ◽  
G. Robert ◽  
M. Raad-Young
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Pollution Effects ◽  
Parallel Time ◽  
Air Pollution Effects

scholarly journals Overall health impacts of a potential increase in cycle commuting in Stockholm, Sweden

2021 ◽  
pp. 140349482110100
Author(s):  
Johan Nilsson Sommar ◽  
Christer Johansson ◽  
Boel Lövenheim ◽  
Peter Schantz ◽  
Anders Markstedt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Pollution Effects ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Air Pollution Effects

Aims: To estimate the overall health impact of transferring commuting trips from car to bicycle. Methods: In this study registry information on the location of home and work for residents in Stockholm County was used to obtain the shortest travel route on a network of bicycle paths and roads. Current modes of travel to work were based on travel survey data. The relation between duration of cycling and distance cycled was established as a basis for selecting the number of individuals that normally would drive a car to work, but have a distance to work that they could bicycle within 30 minutes. The change in traffic flows was estimated by a transport model (LuTrans) and effects on road traffic injuries and fatalities were estimated by using national hospital injury data. Effects on air pollution concentrations were modelled using dispersion models. Results: Within the scenario, 111,000 commuters would shift from car to bicycle. On average the increased physical activity reduced the one-year mortality risk by 12% among the additional bicyclists. Including the number of years lost due to morbidity, the total number of disability adjusted life-years gained was 696. The amount of disability adjusted life-years gained in the general population due to reduced air pollution exposure was 471. The number of disability adjusted life-years lost by traffic injuries was 176. Also including air pollution effects among bicyclists, the net benefit was 939 disability adjusted life-years per year. Conclusions: Large health benefits were estimated by transferring commuting by car to bicycle.

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