Heavy metals and black carbon in the atmosphere over the Barents sea: concentrations and fluxes onto the surface

Estimates of the fluxes of anthropogenic heavy metals (HM) – Pb, Cd, As, Zn, Ni, Cr, Cu – from the atmosphere onto the surface of the Barents Sea are based on previously calculated concentrations of these elements in near-surface atmosphere at three points of the Sea coast (on Kola Peninsula, in Nenets Nature Reserve, on Frantz-Josef Land archipelago). For lead and cadmium, the contributions of their anthropogenic emissions in foreign Europe, as well as of windblowing dust and soil particles have been taking into account(from EMEP reports). About 50% of lead and about 40% of cadmium come from those sources to the whole Sea area. In general, the atmosphere supplies yearly only a fraction of percent of HMs containing in the Barents Sea waters. In spring, during the period of ice melting, the atmospheric contribution to HM concentrations in Sea waters may be 2-10 times higher than average annual values. Also, we studied the spatial variations of black carbon (BC) contentin the atmosphere over the Barents Sea based on satellite data (reanalysis MERRA-2).The mean BC fluxes onto the snowed surface, and respective amendments the surface albedo and its radiation forcing were estimatedfor three regions under investigation.

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Heavy metals in the atmospheric precipitation on the Barents Sea coast

Russian Meteorology and Hydrology ◽

10.3103/s1068373910050055 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 333-340 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

N. I. Golubeva ◽

L. V. Burtseva ◽

V. A. Ginzburg

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Barents Sea ◽

Atmospheric Precipitation ◽

The Barents Sea ◽

Sea Coast

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Comparison of shortest sailing distance through random and regular sampling points

ICES Journal of Marine Science ◽

10.1016/j.icesjms.2003.11.002 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 140-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alf Harbitz ◽

Michael Pennington

Keyword(s):

Random Sampling ◽

Minimum Distance ◽

Barents Sea ◽

Pandalus Borealis ◽

The Barents Sea ◽

Theoretical Sampling ◽

Sampling Points ◽

Regular Sampling ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference

Abstract The shortest sailing distance through n sampling points is calculated for simple theoretical sampling domains (square and circle) as well as for a rather irregular and concavely shaped real sampling domain in the Barents Sea. The sampling sites are either located at the nodes of a square grid (regular sampling) or they are randomly distributed. For n less than ten, the exact shortest sailing distance is derived. For larger n, a traveling salesman algorithm (simulated annealing) was applied, and its bias (distance from true minimum) was estimated based on a case where the true minimum distance was known. In general, the average minimum sailing distance based on random sampling was considerably shorter than for regular sampling, and the difference increased with sample size until an asymptotic value was reached at about n=60 for a square domain. For the sampling domain in the Barents Sea used for shrimp (Pandalus borealis) abundance surveys (n=118 stations), the cruise-track lengths based on random sampling were approximately normally distributed. The mean sailing distance was 18% shorter than the cruise track for regular sampling and the standard deviation equalled 2.6%.

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Heavy metals and POPs in red king crab from the Barents Sea

Food Chemistry ◽

10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.003 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 167 ◽

pp. 409-417 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Kaare Julshamn ◽

Stig Valdersnes ◽

Arne Duinker ◽

Kjell Nedreaas ◽

Jan H. Sundet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Barents Sea ◽

Red King Crab ◽

King Crab ◽

The Barents Sea

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Do abiotic mechanisms determine interannual variability in length-at-age of juvenile Arcto-Norwegian cod?

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f01-197 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 57-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Geir Ottersen ◽

Kristin Helle ◽

Bjarte Bogstad

Keyword(s):

Growth Rates ◽

Gadus Morhua ◽

Barents Sea ◽

Water Masses ◽

Inverse Relation ◽

Lower Growth ◽

Density Dependent ◽

The Barents Sea ◽

The Mean ◽

Dependent Growth

For the large Arcto-Norwegian stock of cod (Gadus morhua L.) in the Barents Sea, year-to-year variability in growth is well documented. Here three hypotheses for the observed inverse relation between abundance and the mean length-at-age of juveniles (ages 14) are suggested and evaluated. Based on comprehensive data, we conclude that year-to-year differences in length-at-age are mainly determined by density-independent mechanisms during the pelagic first half year of the fishes' life. Enhanced inflow from the southwest leads to an abundant cohort at the 0-group stage being distributed farther east into colder water masses, causing lower postsettlement growth rates. We can not reject density-dependent growth effects related to variability in food rations, but our data do not suggest this to be the main mechanism. Another hypothesis suggests that lower growth rates during periods of high abundance are a result of density-dependent mechanisms causing the geographic range of juveniles to extend eastwards into colder water masses. This is rejected mainly because year-to-year differences in mean length are established by age 2, which is too early for movements over large distances.

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Chlorinated hydrocarbons in seabirds from the Barents Sea area

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/0048-9697(95)04383-c ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 160-161 ◽

pp. 497-504 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

T.N. Savinova ◽

A. Polder ◽

G.W. Gabrielsen ◽

J.U. Skaare

Keyword(s):

Barents Sea ◽

Chlorinated Hydrocarbons ◽

The Barents Sea ◽

Sea Area

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Spatial Distribution of Atmospheric Aerosol Physicochemical Characteristics in the Russian Sector of the Arctic Ocean

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos11111170 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 1170

Author(s):

Sergey Sakerin ◽

Dmitry Kabanov ◽

Valery Makarov ◽

Viktor Pol’kin ◽

Svetlana Popova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Arctic Ocean ◽

Black Carbon ◽

Forest Fires ◽

Barents Sea ◽

The Arctic ◽

The North ◽

The Barents Sea ◽

The Arctic Ocean

The results from studies of aerosol in the Arctic atmosphere are presented: the aerosol optical depth (AOD), the concentrations of aerosol and black carbon, as well as the chemical composition of the aerosol. The average aerosol characteristics, measured during nine expeditions (2007–2018) in the Eurasian sector of the Arctic Ocean, had been 0.068 for AOD (0.5 µm); 2.95 cm−3 for particle number concentrations; 32.1 ng/m3 for black carbon mass concentrations. Approximately two–fold decrease of the average characteristics in the eastern direction (from the Barents Sea to Chukchi Sea) is revealed in aerosol spatial distribution. The average aerosol characteristics over the Barents Sea decrease in the northern direction: black carbon concentrations by a factor of 1.5; particle concentrations by a factor of 3.7. These features of the spatial distribution are caused mainly by changes in the content of fine aerosol, namely: by outflows of smokes from forest fires and anthropogenic aerosol. We considered separately the measurements of aerosol characteristics during two expeditions in 2019: in the north of the Barents Sea (April) and along the Northern Sea Route (July–September). In the second expedition the average aerosol characteristics turned out to be larger than multiyear values: AOD reached 0.36, particle concentration up to 8.6 cm−3, and black carbon concentration up to 179 ng/m3. The increased aerosol content was affected by frequent outflows of smoke from forest fires. The main (99%) contribution to the elemental composition of aerosol in the study regions was due to Ca, K, Fe, Zn, Br, Ni, Cu, Mn, and Sr. The spatial distribution of the chemical composition of aerosols was analogous to that of microphysical characteristics. The lowest concentrations of organic and elemental carbon (OC, EC) and of most elements are observed in April in the north of the Barents Sea, and the maximal concentrations in Far East seas and in the south of the Barents Sea. The average contents of carbon in aerosol over seas of the Asian sector of the Arctic Ocean are OC = 629 ng/m3, EC = 47 ng/m3.

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Radiocarbon Dated Raised Beaches in Kong Karls Land, Svalbard, and Their Consequences for the Glacial History of the Barents Sea Area

Geografiska Annaler Series A Physical Geography ◽

10.2307/520841 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 63 (3/4) ◽

pp. 283 ◽

Cited By ~ 79

Author(s):

Otto Salvigsen

Keyword(s):

Barents Sea ◽

Glacial History ◽

The Barents Sea ◽

History Of ◽

Sea Area ◽

Raised Beaches

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Reproductive strategy of a migratory fish stock: implications of spatial variations in natural mortality

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/cjfas-2015-0321 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 73 (12) ◽

pp. 1742-1749 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Øystein Langangen ◽

Geir Ottersen ◽

Lorenzo Ciannelli ◽

Frode B. Vikebø ◽

Leif Christian Stige

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Strategy ◽

Early Life ◽

Gadus Morhua ◽

Barents Sea ◽

Spatial Variations ◽

Fish Stock ◽

Life Stages ◽

Early Life Stages ◽

The Barents Sea ◽

Survival And Growth

We investigate how the reproductive strategy in a migratory marine fish may be influenced by spatial variations in mortality in early life stages. In particular, we examine how spawning time and location affect offspring survival and growth. A drift model for early life stages (eggs to age 1) of the Barents Sea cod (Gadus morhua) is combined with empirical estimates of spatial variation in mortality at two different life stages. We examine seasonal and interannual differences in survival and growth in offspring originating from two spawning grounds, with the central site requiring higher migration distance, and hence cost, than the northern site. When accounting for spatially explicit mortality fields, central and northern spawned offspring have about equal survival, as do early and late spawned offspring. Furthermore, central spawned offspring grow faster and are likely to reach a larger size compared with northern spawned offspring. Our results indicate that the fitness benefit of southward migration in the Barents Sea cod is not mainly due to higher early survival of offspring, but rather due to effects of offspring acquiring a larger size.

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