scholarly journals Incident of Thyroid Carcinomas and Other Pathologies with Age Correlation in Patients Presented with Palpable Thyroid Masses Undergoing Thyroidectomies

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Mahwish Niaz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Papillary Carcinoma ◽  
Multinodular Goiter ◽  
Follicular Adenoma ◽  
Anaplastic Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Adenoma ◽  
Thyroid Carcinomas ◽  
Hürthle Cell ◽  
Poorly Differentiated Carcinoma ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Age Range

Background: Thyroid cancer is the leading cause of death both in developing and developed countries. Patients present with enlarged thyroid. Radiology shows hot and cold nodules. Thyroidectomy or lobectomy is done to rule out malignancy. Objective: To determine the incidence of thyroid carcinomas and other pathologies in thyroidectomy specimen of different age group patients presenting with clinically enlarged thyroid. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Settings: Department of Histopathology, Foundation University Medical College (FUMC), Islamabad and Department of surgery, Fauji Foundation Hospital (FFH), Rawalpindi Pakistan. Duration: from Jan 2012 to March 2019. Methodology: All the thyroidectomies specimens send from Surgery department of FFH to Histopathology Department of FUMC during study period and fulfilling the pre-set criteria were included in the study. All the data and results were analyzed using SPSS version 17.0. Results: Out of 500 total patients, 89% (n=445) were diagnosed as having multinodular goiter, 2.6% (n=13) thyroiditis, 2.2% (n=11) follicular adenoma, 0.8% (n=4) Hurthle cell adenoma, 0.2%(n=1) hyalinizing trabacular adenoma and thyroid carcinomas. The carcinomas comprised 2.6%(n=13) papillary carcinoma, 0.8%(n=4) poorly differentiated carcinoma,0.8%(n=4) anaplastic carcinoma,0.6%(n=3) medullary carcinoma and 0.4%(n=2) follicular carcinoma. In 445 patients of multinodular goiter 158 patients were in the age range of 41-50 years, in 13 cases of thyroiditis 7 were in the age range of 31-40 years, in 11 cases of follicular adenoma 4 patients were in the age range of 31-40 years, in 4 cases of hurthle cell adenoma 3 patients were in the age range of 41-50 years, in 13 cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma 5 patients were in the age range of 31-40 years, in 4 cases of poorly differentiated carcinoma 2 patients were in the age range of 41-50 years and in 4 cases of anaplastic carcinoma 2 patients were in the age range of 61-70 years. Conclusion: The study concluded that thyroid carcinomas collectively constituted 5.20% of the study cases. Papillary carcinoma was the most frequent malignant neoplasm constituting 2.6 % and occurring mostly in the age range of 31-40 years, while anaplastic carcinoma comprised of 0.8% of malignant lesions occurring in the age range of 61-70 years. The most frequent cause of thyroid enlargement was multinodular goiter (89%) with majority of the patients in the age range of 41-50 years.

scholarly journals Morphological Spectrum of Lesions Seen in Thyroidectomy Specimens At A Tertiary Care Institute

Esculapio ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (03, july 2020-Septmber 2020) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iram Nadeem ◽  
Samra Sameen ◽  
Sahar Iqbal ◽  
Tazeen Anis
Keyword(s):  
Papillary Carcinoma ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Follicular Adenoma ◽  
Follicular Carcinoma ◽  
Medullary Carcinoma ◽  
Anaplastic Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Adenoma ◽  
Care Institute ◽  
Hyalinizing Trabecular Tumor ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions

Objective: To determine the morphological spectrum of thyroid lesions encountered in thyroidectomy specimens at a tertiary care institute. Methods: It was a retrospective study conducted in Pathology Department, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore. A retrospective manual collection of data was done from record registers, for the years 2012 & 2013. Results: A total of 307 cases were retrieved with age range of 16-70 years. Amongst them, 47 were males and 260 were females. Non neoplastic conditions outnumbered the neoplastic lesions as 229(75%) cases were of colloid goiter. Hashimoto thyroiditis was present in 12(3.9%) specimens and associated hyperplastic changes were seen in 15(4.9%) cases. There were 19(6.2%) cases of papillary carcinoma, 3(0.9%) cases of follicular carcinoma, 3(0.9%) cases of medullary carcinoma, 1(0.3 %) case of insular carcinoma and 2(0.6%) anaplastic carcinoma. Papillary microcarcinoma was seen in 4(1.3 %) cases and medullary microcarcinoma in 1(0.3%) case. Follicular adenoma comprised 29(9.4%) cases and Hurthle cell adenoma 3(0.9%) cases. Study data also showed 1(0.3%) rare case of hyalinizing trabecular tumor. Conclusion: Non neoplastic thyroid diseases are more common as compared to neoplastic lesions. Papillary carcinoma is most common thyroid malignancy encountered in our setting. Key Words: Thyroidectomy, Colloid goiter, papillary carcinoma

The Thyroid Gland: Recurring Problems in Histologic and Cytologic Evaluation

2008 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 622-632
Author(s):  
William C. Faquin
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Follicular Adenoma ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Follicular Carcinoma ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Poorly Differentiated Carcinoma ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Common Malignancy

Abstract Nodules of the thyroid gland are frequently encountered, occurring in up to 7% of the population, and although most of these nodules are benign, carcinomas of the thyroid gland are the most common malignancy of the endocrine system. Although the different types of thyroid carcinoma are few, a wide variety of recurring problems exists in both their histologic and cytologic evaluation. Here, I will review a selected group of problematic areas, including unusual histologic variants of follicular adenoma, criteria for diagnosing minimally invasive follicular carcinoma, the use of fine-needle aspiration as a screening test for follicular neoplasia, challenging variants of papillary carcinoma, and features of poorly differentiated carcinoma.

Poorly Differentiated Carcinoma and Anaplastic Carcinoma of the Thyroid

2019 ◽  
pp. 371-384
Author(s):  
Francesca Maletta ◽  
Jasna Metovic ◽  
Marco Volante ◽  
Mauro Papotti
Keyword(s):  
Anaplastic Carcinoma ◽  
Poorly Differentiated Carcinoma ◽  
Poorly Differentiated

scholarly journals RAS Mutations Are the Predominant Molecular Alteration in Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Carcinomas and Bear Prognostic Impact

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1715-1715
Author(s):  
Marco Volante ◽  
Ida Rapa ◽  
Manoj Gandhi ◽  
Gianni Bussolati ◽  
Daniela Giachino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Genetic Alteration ◽  
Prognostic Impact ◽  
Genetic Event ◽  
Thyroid Carcinomas ◽  
Ras Mutations ◽  
Poorly Differentiated Carcinoma ◽  
Poorly Differentiated

ABSTRACT Context Poorly differentiated carcinomas represent an aggressive group of thyroid tumors with controversial classification placement and poorly understood pathogenesis. Molecular data in this group of tumors are extremely heterogeneous, possibly reflecting different inclusion criteria. Recently homogeneous diagnostic criteria have been proposed by our group (Turin proposal) that need to be complemented by detailed molecular characterization. Objective The objective of the study was to define a comprehensive molecular typing of poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas classified following homogeneous diagnostic criteria. Design Sixty-five cases of poorly differentiated carcinoma selected following the Turin proposal have been screened for N-, K-, H-RAS, BRAF, RET/PTC1 and 3, and PAX8/PPARγ mutations-rearrangements using alternative techniques and in two different laboratories. Molecular data were compared with clinical pathological parameters and survival by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results RAS mutations in codon 61 were by far the most common genetic alteration in poorly differentiated carcinomas (23% of cases), with all mutation in NRAS except one in the HRAS gene. A single BRAF mutation was found in a poorly differentiated carcinoma with a residual component of a tall cell variant of papillary carcinoma. No KRAS, RET/PTC, or PAX8/PPARγ genetic alteration was detected. In this series, the presence of RAS mutations was a unique negative prognostic parameter at multivariate analysis. Conclusions The present study demonstrates that strictly classified poorly differentiated carcinomas are genetically homogeneous, RAS mutations being the almost exclusive genetic event. Moreover, the detection of RAS mutations might be clinically relevant for the prognostic stratification of these tumors.

scholarly journals Appearance of Hürthle cell carcinoma soon after surgical extirpation of Hürthle cell adenoma and follicular adenoma of the thyroid gland

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nevena Ristevska ◽  
Sinisa Stojanoski ◽  
Daniela Pop Gjorceva
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Tumour Size ◽  
Follicular Adenoma ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Cell Adenoma ◽  
Rare Tumour ◽  
Hürthle Cell ◽  
Hürthle Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Hurthle Cell Carcinoma

Abstract Background. Hürthle cell neoplasms could be benign (Hürthle cell adenoma) or malignant (Hürthle cell carcinoma). Hürthle cell carcinoma is a rare tumour, representing 5% of all differentiated thyroid carcinomas. The cytological evaluation of Hürthle cell neoplasms by fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is complicated because of the presence of Hürthle cells in both Hürthle cell adenoma and Hürthle cell carcinoma. Thus, the preoperative distinction between these two entities is very difficult and possible only with pathohistological findings of the removed tumour. Case report. A 57-year old female patient was admitted at our Department, for investigation of nodular thyroid gland. She was euthyroid and FNAB of the nodules in both thyroid lobes were consistent of Hürthle cell adenoma with cellular atypias. After thyroidectomy the histopathology revealed Hürthle cell adenoma with high cellular content and discrete cellular atypias in the left lobe and follicular thyroid adenoma without cellular atypias in the right lobe. One year after substitution therapy, a palpable tumour on the left side of the remnant tissue was found, significantly growing with time, presented as hot nodule on 99mTc-sestamibi scan and conclusive with Hürthle cell adenoma with marked cellularity on FNAB. Tumorectomy was performed and well-differentiated Hürthle cell carcinoma detected. The patient received ablative dose of 100 mCi 131I. No signs of metastatic disease are present up to date. Conclusions. The differences between Hürthle cell adenomas and Hürthle cell carcinomas could be clearly made only by histopathological evaluation. Patients with cytological diagnosis of Hürthle cell neoplasms should proceed to total thyroidectomy, especially if tumour size is > 1cm, FNAB findings comprise cellular atypias and/or multiple bilateral nodules are detected in the thyroid gland.

scholarly journals Thyroid collision tumor containing oncocytic carcinoma, classical and hobnail variants of papillary carcinoma and areas of poorly differentiated carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Tadashi Kakitani Toyoshima ◽  
Regina Barros Domingues ◽  
Ibere Cauduro Soares ◽  
Debora Lucia Seguro Danilovic ◽  
Larissa Costa Amorim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papillary Carcinoma ◽  
Collision Tumor ◽  
Oncocytic Carcinoma ◽  
Poorly Differentiated Carcinoma ◽  
Poorly Differentiated

scholarly journals BRAF Mutations in Thyroid Tumors Are Restricted to Papillary Carcinomas and Anaplastic or Poorly Differentiated Carcinomas Arising from Papillary Carcinomas

2003 ◽  
Vol 88 (11) ◽  
pp. 5399-5404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina N. Nikiforova ◽  
Edna T. Kimura ◽  
Manoj Gandhi ◽  
Paul W. Biddinger ◽  
Jeffrey A. Knauf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papillary Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Carcinoma Cell ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Anaplastic Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Tumors ◽  
Braf Mutations ◽  
Carcinoma Cell Lines ◽  
Poorly Differentiated

Abstract Activating point mutations of the BRAF gene have been recently reported in papillary thyroid carcinomas. In this study, we analyzed 320 thyroid tumors and six anaplastic carcinoma cell lines and detected BRAF mutations in 45 (38%) papillary carcinomas, two (13%) poorly-differentiated carcinomas, three (10%) anaplastic carcinomas, and five (83%) thyroid anaplastic carcinoma cell lines but not in follicular, Hürthle cell, and medullary carcinomas, follicular and Hürthle cell adenomas, or benign hyperplastic nodules. All mutations involved a T→A transversion at nucleotide 1796. In papillary carcinomas, BRAF mutations were associated with older age, classic papillary carcinoma or tall cell variant histology, extrathyroidal extension, and more frequent presentation at stages III and IV. All BRAF-positive poorly differentiated and anaplastic carcinomas contained areas of preexisting papillary carcinoma, and mutation was present in both the well-differentiated and dedifferentiated components. These data indicate that BRAF mutations are restricted to papillary carcinomas and poorly differentiated and anaplastic carcinomas arising from papillary carcinomas. They are associated with distinct phenotypical and biological properties of papillary carcinomas and may participate in progression to poorly differentiated and anaplastic carcinomas.

Single thyroid tumour showing multiple differentiated morphological patterns and intramorphological molecular genetic heterogeneity

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather K Schopper ◽  
Aaron Stence ◽  
Deqin Ma ◽  
Nitin A Pagedar ◽  
Robert A Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Papillary Carcinoma ◽  
Clear Cell ◽  
The Other ◽  
Columnar Cell ◽  
Follicular Variant ◽  
Poorly Differentiated Carcinoma ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Cell Variant ◽  
Morphological Patterns

AimsA 49-year-old man presented with a single thyroid tumour that showed a combination of conventional papillary carcinoma, follicular variant of papillary carcinoma, clear cell papillary carcinoma, columnar cell carcinoma and poorly differentiated carcinoma. As all of the morphologies have been associated with papillary carcinoma in the literature, we wished to determine if they contained identical or different molecular abnormalities.MethodsTargeted next generation sequencing (NGS) of each morphological component and metastases was performed.ResultsNGS revealed a BRAF p.K601E mutation in both the clear cell papillary carcinoma and poorly differentiated carcinoma and a KRAS p.G12R mutation in the papillary carcinoma, follicular variant. Two different areas of columnar cell variant were tested, with one showing a KRAS p.G12D mutation but no mutation in the other area. A KRAS p.G12R mutation was seen in the metastatic clear cell variant. Two different lymph nodes had metastatic columnar cell carcinoma, one negative for mutations but the other with a compound KRAS p.G12R and KRAS p.G12V mutation on different alleles. No mutations including BRAF and KRAS were seen in the conventional papillary carcinoma.ConclusionsAlthough all of the morphological patterns in this tumour have been reported as having aetiological or other association with one another, there was only partial concordance with their molecular signatures. There was significant molecular discordance, however, even with identical morphologies.

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