scholarly journals Morphological Spectrum of Lesions Seen in Thyroidectomy Specimens At A Tertiary Care Institute

Esculapio ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (03, july 2020-Septmber 2020) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iram Nadeem ◽  
Samra Sameen ◽  
Sahar Iqbal ◽  
Tazeen Anis
Keyword(s):  
Papillary Carcinoma ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Follicular Adenoma ◽  
Follicular Carcinoma ◽  
Medullary Carcinoma ◽  
Anaplastic Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Adenoma ◽  
Care Institute ◽  
Hyalinizing Trabecular Tumor ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions

Objective: To determine the morphological spectrum of thyroid lesions encountered in thyroidectomy specimens at a tertiary care institute. Methods: It was a retrospective study conducted in Pathology Department, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore. A retrospective manual collection of data was done from record registers, for the years 2012 & 2013. Results: A total of 307 cases were retrieved with age range of 16-70 years. Amongst them, 47 were males and 260 were females. Non neoplastic conditions outnumbered the neoplastic lesions as 229(75%) cases were of colloid goiter. Hashimoto thyroiditis was present in 12(3.9%) specimens and associated hyperplastic changes were seen in 15(4.9%) cases. There were 19(6.2%) cases of papillary carcinoma, 3(0.9%) cases of follicular carcinoma, 3(0.9%) cases of medullary carcinoma, 1(0.3 %) case of insular carcinoma and 2(0.6%) anaplastic carcinoma. Papillary microcarcinoma was seen in 4(1.3 %) cases and medullary microcarcinoma in 1(0.3%) case. Follicular adenoma comprised 29(9.4%) cases and Hurthle cell adenoma 3(0.9%) cases. Study data also showed 1(0.3%) rare case of hyalinizing trabecular tumor. Conclusion: Non neoplastic thyroid diseases are more common as compared to neoplastic lesions. Papillary carcinoma is most common thyroid malignancy encountered in our setting. Key Words: Thyroidectomy, Colloid goiter, papillary carcinoma

scholarly journals Pattern of Primary Thyroid Malignancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-174
Author(s):  
Mohammad Asraful Islam ◽  
Rashedul Islam ◽  
Debnath Talukder ◽  
AHM Noor E As Sayeed ◽  
SK Nurul Fattah Rumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Papillary Carcinoma ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Follicular Carcinoma ◽  
Medullary Carcinoma ◽  
Anaplastic Carcinoma ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Thyroid Malignancy ◽  
Follicular Variant

Background: Among the endocrine malignancies thyroid cancer is the most common. It constitutes a heterogeneous group of malignancies ranking it as the fifth most common cancer worldwide. On health as well as health system it has severe implication. Thyroid cancer incidence is rising most rapidly worldwide. Different thyroid malignancy requires different management strategy. Proper addressing and prompt management of different thyroid malignancies can lessen the suffering. Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the pattern of primary thyroid malignancy in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: The study was a hospital based descriptive cross sectional study and was conducted in Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka for one-year period following approval of this protocol. Patients suffering from primary thyroid carcinoma admitted in or attending the outpatient department (OPD) in the department of Otolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery was approached for inclusion in the study. Written informed consent was taken from the subject and ethical issues were ensured. A total of 50 individual suffering from primary thyroid carcinoma calculated by sample size formula was selected by inclusion and exclusion criteria and data was collected by interview using a semi-structured questionnaire and by personal document analysis. Collected data was analyzed by the SPSS 20 for windows. This study reflects the pattern of primary thyroid malignancy in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. Results: Mean age of the participants was 32.7 years with SD ± 13.8 years, Minimum age was 17 years and maximum age was 70 years. Majority of the patients (46%) were in the age group of 31- 40 years. Among the participants, 70% were female and 30% were male. The majority of the patients belong to Dhaka and Rangpur divisions (26% & 22% respectively) of which maximum patients were from rural area (70%). By occupation, maximum (22%) of the study subjects were businessman, maximum study subjects were below SSC (24%) and maximum patients (42%) had relatively low income per month. Half of the participants had habit of tobacco. All patients (100%) had presented with palpable thyroid swelling. Among the total participants 54% had lymphadenopathy, 10% had dysphagia, 4% had hoarseness of voice and 4% had lumpiness in throat. Only 2% of patients had the symptom of dyspnoea. No palpable lymph nodes were found in 46% followed by Single node lymphadenopathy 26%, multiple nodules in one side in 18%, bilateral lymphadenopathy 8% and 20% participants had Central compartment lymphadenopathy. USG findings of thyroid revealed Single solid nodule in 22.0%, Single cystic nodule in 16.0%, multiple mixed (solid + cystic) nodules in 62.0% cases. FNAC findings revealed Anaplastic carcinoma in 2.0%, Follicular neoplasm in 16.0% and Follicular variant of papillary carcinoma in 8.0%. Papillary carcinoma found in maximum 70.0% cases. No lymphoma found whereas medullary carcinoma found in 4.0% cases. Histopathological findings confirmed Anaplastic carcinoma in 4.0%, Follicular carcinoma in 16.0%, Follicular variant of papillary carcinoma in 8.0% and Papillary carcinoma 68.0% cases. By histopathological examination no lymphoma found whereas medullary carcinoma found in 4.0% cases. Only 24% participants had hypertension and 76% had DM as co-morbid diseases. Distant metastasis of carcinoma was not present in any of the participants. Conclusion: In this study, middle age group and female sex prevalent thyroid cancer. Geographical distribution also has an important role. Business, low educational level, low socioeconomic status and tobacco smoking are found the most important risk factors. Histopathologically papillary carcinoma was predominant followed by follicular carcinoma, follicular variant of papillary carcinoma, anaplastic carcinoma and medullary carcinoma. No lymphoma found. J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 27, No.2, October, 2018, Page 161-174

scholarly journals Histopathological Spectrum of Non-Neoplastic and Neoplastic Lesions of Thyroid: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (231) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilasma Ghartimagar ◽  
Arnab Ghosh ◽  
Manish Kiran Shrestha ◽  
Sushma Thapa ◽  
Om Prakash Talwar
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Papillary Carcinoma ◽  
Follicular Carcinoma ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anaplastic Carcinoma ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions ◽  
Thyroid Lesions

Introduction: Thyroid gland lesions are the most common endocrine disorders encountered globally. Diseases of the thyroid gland present with either an alteration of hormone secretion or as an enlargement of the thyroid gland. The objective of the study is to find the frequency of different thyroid lesions. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara from Jan 2005 to Jan 2020. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (Ref: 330). Patients who had undergone thyroidectomy procedures for both non-neoplastic and neoplastic thyroid lesions were enrolled. Convenient sampling was done. IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21 and Microsoft Excel were used. Results: Out of 345 thyroidectomy specimens, 246 (71.3%) cases of non-neoplastic lesions, and 99 (28.69%) cases of neoplastic lesions were present. There were 54 males and 291 females with a male to female ratio of 1:5.4. The age ranged from 9 to 76 years with a mean age of 43.67 years. In non-neoplastic lesions, the predominant lesion was the colloid goiter with 205 (83.33%) cases followed by Grave’s disease and lymphocytic thyroiditis with 14 (5.69%) cases each. In neoplastic lesions, papillary carcinoma was the commonest lesion with 56 (56.56%) cases followed by follicular carcinoma with 14 (14.14%) cases and follicular adenoma with 13 (13.13%) cases. There were also 9 (9.09%) cases of anaplastic carcinoma in neoplastic lesions. Conclusions: Colloid goiter and papillary carcinoma was the most commonly encountered non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesion with a female predominance. Rare tumors like anaplastic carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, and follicular carcinoma with anaplastic transformation were also encountered.

scholarly journals Incident of Thyroid Carcinomas and Other Pathologies with Age Correlation in Patients Presented with Palpable Thyroid Masses Undergoing Thyroidectomies

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Mahwish Niaz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Papillary Carcinoma ◽  
Multinodular Goiter ◽  
Follicular Adenoma ◽  
Anaplastic Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Adenoma ◽  
Thyroid Carcinomas ◽  
Hürthle Cell ◽  
Poorly Differentiated Carcinoma ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Age Range

Background: Thyroid cancer is the leading cause of death both in developing and developed countries. Patients present with enlarged thyroid. Radiology shows hot and cold nodules. Thyroidectomy or lobectomy is done to rule out malignancy. Objective: To determine the incidence of thyroid carcinomas and other pathologies in thyroidectomy specimen of different age group patients presenting with clinically enlarged thyroid. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Settings: Department of Histopathology, Foundation University Medical College (FUMC), Islamabad and Department of surgery, Fauji Foundation Hospital (FFH), Rawalpindi Pakistan. Duration: from Jan 2012 to March 2019. Methodology: All the thyroidectomies specimens send from Surgery department of FFH to Histopathology Department of FUMC during study period and fulfilling the pre-set criteria were included in the study. All the data and results were analyzed using SPSS version 17.0. Results: Out of 500 total patients, 89% (n=445) were diagnosed as having multinodular goiter, 2.6% (n=13) thyroiditis, 2.2% (n=11) follicular adenoma, 0.8% (n=4) Hurthle cell adenoma, 0.2%(n=1) hyalinizing trabacular adenoma and thyroid carcinomas. The carcinomas comprised 2.6%(n=13) papillary carcinoma, 0.8%(n=4) poorly differentiated carcinoma,0.8%(n=4) anaplastic carcinoma,0.6%(n=3) medullary carcinoma and 0.4%(n=2) follicular carcinoma. In 445 patients of multinodular goiter 158 patients were in the age range of 41-50 years, in 13 cases of thyroiditis 7 were in the age range of 31-40 years, in 11 cases of follicular adenoma 4 patients were in the age range of 31-40 years, in 4 cases of hurthle cell adenoma 3 patients were in the age range of 41-50 years, in 13 cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma 5 patients were in the age range of 31-40 years, in 4 cases of poorly differentiated carcinoma 2 patients were in the age range of 41-50 years and in 4 cases of anaplastic carcinoma 2 patients were in the age range of 61-70 years. Conclusion: The study concluded that thyroid carcinomas collectively constituted 5.20% of the study cases. Papillary carcinoma was the most frequent malignant neoplasm constituting 2.6 % and occurring mostly in the age range of 31-40 years, while anaplastic carcinoma comprised of 0.8% of malignant lesions occurring in the age range of 61-70 years. The most frequent cause of thyroid enlargement was multinodular goiter (89%) with majority of the patients in the age range of 41-50 years.

scholarly journals Malignant Thyroid Lesions: A Histopathological Perspective

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Innocent Emmanuel ◽  
Mansur Aliyu Ramalan ◽  
Adam Ochigbo ◽  
Philip Akpa ◽  
Daniel Yakubu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papillary Carcinoma ◽  
Follicular Carcinoma ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Medullary Carcinoma ◽  
Anaplastic Carcinoma ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Thyroid Cancers ◽  
Age Range

Introduction: Thyroid cancer incidence is increasing globally. This increase has been attributed to improvement in diagnostic methods. This study has as its aim the analysis of the pattern of thyroid gland malignancies seen at the Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria, between January 2008 and December 2018. Methodology: A descriptive retrospective study of consecutive cases of thyroid specimens analyzed at our center was done. Data was obtained from the Histopathology Department Records. The diagnosis of each case was confirmed by reviewing archival slides. Results: There were 70 cases of thyroid carcinomas during the period of the study. The histological types of thyroid cancers seen were: follicular carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, medullary carcinoma and anaplastic carcinoma, respectively accounting for 36(51.4%), 23(32.9%), 4(5.7%) and 7(8.6%) cases. There was only 1 case of follicular carcinoma in 2012, and non between 2013 and 2018. The male to female ratio was 1: 3.1. The mean age of thyroid carcinoma was 42.7 years, with an age range of 13-80 years. Conclusion: The histological pattern of thyroid cancers has changed over the last two decades in our environment with the erstwhile predominant follicular carcinoma receding to near disappearance. The papillary carcinoma histotype is currently overwhelmingly the commonest type diagnosed. The former is relatively commonly seen in the older age group, in a sharp contrast with the later. The female gender remains the most afflicted group.

scholarly journals Histomorphologic spectrum of thyroid lesions in surgically treated thyroid specimens

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
Wasim Selimul Haque ◽  
Shamoli Yasmin ◽  
SK Md Jaynul Islam ◽  
Susane Giti
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Papillary Carcinoma ◽  
Follicular Adenoma ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Follicular Carcinoma ◽  
Anaplastic Carcinoma ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Thyroid Lesion ◽  
Thyroid Lesions

Background: Diseases involving thyroid gland are myriad- they span from functional to goiterous which again can be non-neoplastic or neoplastic. The pattern and prevalence of these disorders depend on various factors like age, sex, ethnicity and geographic location of residence. The aim of the present study was to determine the pattern of thyroid lesions in surgically resected thyroid specimens. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at Department of Histopathology ofArmed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Dhaka, Bangladesh. All thyroidectomy specimens received in the Department of Histopathology over the period from 1st January 2018 to 30th June 2019 were included in the study. Data including age, sex and histopathological diagnosis were collected from the records and histopathology slides of all cases were reviewed to verify diagnosis. Data were then analyzed by standard statistical methods. Results: A total of 377 specimens were collected, 301 specimens were from females and 76 from males (female to male ratio 4.01:1). The age ranged from 13 years to 82 years (mean 38.44±12.89 years). Nodular goiter (274, 72.62%) was the commonest thyroid lesion; other benign lesions included follicular adenoma (18) and Hashimoto thyroiditis (17). Overall malignancy was 18.03% (68). Papillary carcinoma (61, 89.70%) constituted majority of the malignant neoplasms. Other malignant neoplasms included follicular carcinoma (3 cases including 1 case of Hurthle cell carcinoma), anaplastic carcinoma (2) and medullary carcinoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma 1 each. Conclusion: Our study revealed that the prevalent form of thyroid diseases is nodular goiter that mostly affects females. Papillary carcinoma is the commonest malignancy of thyroid gland which also predominantly affects females. Birdem Med J 2020; 10(1): 54-59

scholarly journals Clinico-histopathological Assessment of Patients Undergoing Thyroidectomy

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
Rasool Bux Behan ◽  
Agha Taj Mohammed ◽  
Bilal Rasool ◽  
Mujeeb-Ur-Rehman Laghari
Keyword(s):  
Papillary Carcinoma ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Histological Finding ◽  
Follicular Carcinoma ◽  
Anaplastic Carcinoma ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adenomatous Goiter

Objective: To determine the clinical presentation and histopathological evaluation of patients undergoing thyroidectomies at tertiary care Hospital. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was done at department of general surgery of LUMHS/Jamshoro. Duration of the study was 1 year from October 2017 to September 2018. All the cases with a diagnosis of thyroid disorder and underwent thyroidectomy were selected and above 25 years of the age were included. All the surgeries were carried out by senior surgeons along with the cooperation of the ENT surgeons. After surgeries specimens of all the cases were sent to the diagnostic laboratory for the histological assessment. Data was collected via self-made proforma. Results: Of 58 patients majority i.e. 43.10% were found with age group of 35-44 years. Females found in the majority 63.80%. The swelling was noted among all of the cases, followed by pain, difficulty in swallowing, difficulty in breathing and others 8.62%, 10.34%, 20.68% and 25.68% respectively. Adenomatous goiter was the most common histopathological finding in 82.75% cases, papillary carcinoma was found 8.62%, follicular carcinoma was only in one case and anaplastic carcinoma was also in 1 case. Conclusion: Swelling, difficulty in swallowing and difficulty in breathing were the most common clinical features. Adenomatous goiter was the most common histological finding and papillary carcinoma was the commonest malignancy.

scholarly journals Histopathological examination of thyroid specimens - a single center study from Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-22
Author(s):  
Salman Khan ◽  
Muhammad Khizar Hayat ◽  
Omer Nasim ◽  
Muhammad Shah Fahad
Keyword(s):  
Papillary Carcinoma ◽  
Multinodular Goiter ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Follicular Adenoma ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Medullary Carcinoma ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Surgical Specimen ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions

Introduction: Thyroid gland enlargement is a surgical problem that affects about a third of the world's adults. Thyroid enlargement is best diagnosed by histopathology of surgical specimen and can also give a clue about different pattern of diseases that include simple goiter, multinodular goiter, thyroiditis, adenoma, and last but not the least, carcinoma. Objective: To determine presentation of thyroid lesions based on their histopathology in patients presenting to Rehman Medical Institute (RMI), Peshawar from August 2018 to July 2019. Materials & Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, inclusive of all thyroid specimens, irrespective of age and gender, received in the Department of Pathology, Rehman Medical Institute (RMI), Peshawar, from August 2018 to July 2019.  Data were retrieved and analyzed for descriptive statistics in MS Excel. Results: A total of 64 samples were collected; 56(87.5%) were non-neoplastic lesions while 08(12.5%) were neoplastic. 40(71%) multi nodular goiters, 11(19.64%) simple nodular goiter, 01(1.7%) case of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, among neoplastic 04(50%) were found to be papillary carcinoma and 02(25%) each were follicular and medullary carcinoma. Female to male ratio was 5:3 or 1.67:1 in neoplastic lesions. Conclusion: The most common cause of goiter was multinodular goiter. Among the neoplastic lesions, follicular adenoma was the commonest, while papillary carcinoma was the most common malignant lesions. Keywords: Multinodular goiter, follicular adenoma, Papillary carcinoma, Fine needle aspiration cytology.

Afirma Testing in Thyroid Nodules with Indeterminate Cytology: A single Medical Institute Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S94-S95
Author(s):  
Z Yang ◽  
T Zhang ◽  
L Layfield ◽  
M Esebua
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Follicular Adenoma ◽  
Follicular Carcinoma ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Cell Adenoma ◽  
Indeterminate Cytology ◽  
Thyroid Fna

Abstract Introduction/Objective About 10 to 30% of thyroid fine needle aspiration (FNA) nodules have indeterminate cytology, including Bethesda III, IV, and V. Afirma Gene Expression Classifier (GEC) measuring the expression of 167 mRNA was designed to classify the indeterminate thyroid nodules into benign and suspicious categories. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical performance of the Afirma GEC testing in these indeterminate thyroid lesions. Methods Medical records of patients with indeterminate thyroid FNA results and corresponding Afirma GEC results from November 2012 to December 2019 were retrieved. Subsequent surgical follow-up results were obtained. GEC results were compared to the histologic diagnoses. Results 1. There were 77 cases with indeterminate thyroid FNA results. Cytology diagnosis included 67 Bethesda III and 10 Bethesda IV. Afirma GEC results were benign for 41 cases (53%), suspicious for 32 cases (42%), and non- diagnostic for 4 cases (5%). Twenty seven of 32 cases (84%) with suspicious GEC results had surgical follow-up which revealed 12 malignant and 15 benign histologic diagnoses. Only 11 of 41 cases (27%) with benign GEC results had surgery which showed 8 benign and 3 malignant diagnoses. Based on the data, the sensitivity of this test is 80% and specificity is 65%. Positive predictive value (PPV) is 44% and negative predictive value (NPV) is 73%. The false positive cases include 5 Hurthle cell adenoma, 4 nodular hyperplasia, 3 follicular adenoma, 2 Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFPT), and 1 lymphocytic thyroiditis. The false negative cases include 2 minimally invasive follicular carcinoma (from same patient) and 1 papillary thyroid carcinoma. Conclusion 1. We demonstrated in this study that a little more than half of the cases with indeterminate thyroid cytology had negative Afirma GEC results. 2.Afirma test has relatively low specificity (65%) and PPV (44%). The sensitivity (80%) and NPV (73%) is relatively higher but is lower than the values in most literature. This could be due to the fact that majority of the Afirma GEC negative cases in this study did not have surgical follow-up and the sample size is small. 3.Afirma GEC test is a relatively good “rule-out” molecular test for indeterminate thyroid nodules but is not a reliable “rule-in” test due to the low specificity and PPV.

scholarly journals Histopathological pattern of thyroid diseases and its correlation with post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia: a prospective study in iodine-sufficient Southern India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 3749
Author(s):  
Poongkodi Karunakaran ◽  
Geetha Devadas
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Follicular Adenoma ◽  
Follicular Carcinoma ◽  
Anaplastic Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
High Threshold ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Permanent Hypocalcemia

Background: Increasing incidence of thyroid diseases requiring surgery and postoperative hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy (TT) remains a concern. This prospective study evaluated the correlation between the histopathologic pattern of thyroid disease and the development of temporary and permanent hypocalcemia (>6 month) post-TT.Methods: Demographics and clinical profile of consecutive patients undergoing TT were documented. The final diagnosis was confirmed with histopathological examination (HPE) of thyroidectomy specimen. Serum corrected-calcium and intact parathormone was measured at baseline, 48-hour and 6-month post-TT.Results: Out of 328 subjects (mean age=35.5 year; M:F=65:263), 33.4% (n=109) and 7.6% (n=26) developed temporary and permanent hypocalcemia [calcium=8 mg/dl] post-TT. HPE comprised colloid goitre 33.2% (n=109), follicular adenoma 1.8% (n=6), Hashimoto’s/lymphocytic thyroiditis 16.8% (n=55), Graves’ disease 14% (n=46), adenomatous hyperplasia 19.8% (n=65), papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) 13.4% (n=44), follicular carcinoma 0.3% (n=1), medullary carcinoma 0.3% (n=1) and anaplastic carcinoma 0.3% (n=1). Multinomial regression analysis revealed that temporary hypocalcemia was associated with graves’ disease (Odds ratio: 11.6), PTC (10.3), follicular adenoma (16.7) and thyroiditis (17.5), while permanent hypocalcemia was associated only with thyroiditis (3.2), each p<0.01.Conclusions: Graves’ disease, thyroiditis and malignancy increased the risk of temporary post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia by many-fold. Subjects with thyroiditis had 3.2-fold increased likelihood for developing permanent hypocalcemia. Hence thyroiditis, a benign pathology warrants high threshold for surgery with meticulous intraoperative dissection and in-situ preservation of parathyroid glands.

scholarly journals The Clinical and Pathological Presentation of Thyroid Nodules in Children and the Comparison with Adult Population: Experience of a Single Institution

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamas Solymosi ◽  
Gyula Lukacs Toth ◽  
Laszlo Budai ◽  
Istvan Gal
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Follicular Adenoma ◽  
Follicular Carcinoma ◽  
Medullary Carcinoma ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Follicular Variant ◽  
Central Type ◽  
Region Data ◽  
Follicular Tumors

The clinical and pathological presentation of thyroid nodules among younger and adult patients was compared in an iodine-deficient (ID) region. Data of 3,010 consecutive patients younger than 20 years and 3,010 patients older than 20 years were compared. The proportion of nodular goiters (22.8% versus 39.3%), the ratio of surgically treated nodules (33.2% versus 15.2%), and the proportion of malignant nodules (4.3% versus 2.1%) among diseased patients differed significantly between the two groups (younger versus adult). Nine papillary and 1 medullary carcinoma were found among children, while 15 papillary, 2 follicular, 1 insular, 1 anaplastic, and 1 medullary carcinomas occurred among adults. The ratio of follicular adenoma to hyperplastic nodules (3 : 1 to 1 : 1.67), the proportion of follicular variant (77.8% versus 26.7%), T4 tumors (77.8% versus 33.3%), and tumors with lymph node metastasis (88.9% versus 66.7%) were significantly higher among younger papillary carcinoma patients. No malignancies occurred among spongiform and central type cysts. Similarly to iodine-sufficient regions, more nodules are malignant and carcinomas have a clinically more aggressive presentation in children in comparison with adult patients in ID. Taking the significantly greater proportion of adenomas and the lack of follicular carcinoma into account, a conservative approach has to be considered in follicular tumors among children.

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