Lifestyle behaviour of future medical professionals in a tertiary care institute in north-eastern India: a cross-sectional descriptive study

Background: The incidences of some non communicable diseases like diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases have been rising in the country since last few decades due to the unhealthy lifestyle of the people. Researches conducted among medical and nursing students shown that even though they are aware about the consequences of practicing unhealthy lifestyle but still they do not follow the suggested guidelines for healthy lifestyle. To assess lifestyle behaviour related to dietary pattern, physical activity, substance use, sleep, stress management, among MBBS and nursing students. NEIGRIHMS, a tertiary care institute in the capital city of the north-eastern state of Meghalaya, Shillong.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 313 participants by using a pre-tested self-administered questionnaire. The data was analyzed using the software Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) 21 version.Results: In this study, 189 (60.4%) students reported sedentary activity of spending ≥2 hours per day on phone, tablets, laptops, television, computers, etc and majority of them (59.7% and 57.2%) use the gadgets for social and whatsapp messaging respectively. Only 18 (5.8%) participants had reported regular physical activity (5 times a week) when asked about the previous month.Conclusions: Sedentary lifestyle, lack of any physical activity, use of gadgets like mobiles, laptops, etc for activities like social media, Whatsapp, unhealthy eating habits were found to be prevalent among the medical students.

COVID-19 among pregnant women: management outcome and risk of transmission to newborns in western India

Background: The WHO declared a global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 in March 2020. With so much female population in reproductive period in India the effect of corona virus in pregnancy warrants attention as the impact of maternal infection during pregnancy in India remains poorly understood. Objectives of current study were to know the management outcome and risk of transmission among COVI-19 positive pregnant women admitted in a tertiary care institute in western India.Materials: The present cross sectional study was conducted among 217 admitted COVID-19 positive pregnant women in a tertiary care institute in western India from May 2020 to April 2021. Data were collected from the department of obstetrics and gynaecology after taking permission from the head of department of obstetrics and gynaecology. Results: Most of patients were asymptomatic and managed conservatively but some also needed special interventions. Out of 217 patients 124 patients delivered in the hospital, 5 maternal deaths, one stillbirth and one congenital anomaly was reported. Only 25% of patients had normal delivery rest had caesarean and one neonate was found COVID-19 positive. Around one forth deliveries were pre term.Conclusions: The study suggests that most women do not have severe illness and that transmission of infection to infants of infected mothers is uncommon but there are increased chances of pre-term delivery. Majority of the women and neonates were managed and discharged without any major complications. But in some cases COVID in pregnancy may complicate the situation; so it should be handled by a multidisciplinary team of experts in COVID-19.

PSYCHO-SOCIAL-SPIRITUAL LIFE OF PEOPLE DURING LOCKDOWN DUE TO COVID -19 PANDEMIC-AN INDIAN SURVEY

Introduction and Background: Imposition of lock down during COVID 19 pandemic by Indian Government has brought many changes in the life of people. Objective: To explore the psychosocial impact of lockdown in general population with specific focus upon changes observed in day-to-day activities encompassing spiritual and recreational activities. Methods: The study was conducted on class III and IV employees of a health care Institute selected by purposive sampling technique. Data was collected by administering questionnaire comprising of two parts: a) Socio-demographic profile b) Questions on psycho-social-spiritual aspects and recreational activities adopted by general population during COVID -19 pandemic. Results: The study reported increase in the feeling of sadness, irritability and boredom among people during lockdown and decrease in social and religious activities. Participants reported a significant increase in the frequency of watching movies, Netflix series and other programs on television etc. and the time spent on social media such as WhatsApp, facebook, instagram, tik-tok, etc. The screen time spent by the people was more than 2hrs. Conclusion: There was drastic change in certain variables related to psychological health of people during lockdown.

PROPORTIONS OF VARIOUS BENIGN BREAST LESIONS AMONG WOMEN PRESENTING AT TERTIARY CARE INSTITUTE OF INDIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Background and Aim: Benign Breast Diseases (BBDs) is a group of non-cancerous breast diseases. A triple assessment which is done by a clinical examination, imaging like ultrasonography (USG) or mammography and a pathological examination – FNAC or core needle biopsy, during the initial consultation, allows clinicians to give immediate reassurance to most of the patients. The aim of the study was to find out the proportions of various benign breast lesions among women aged 18 years and above. Material and Methods: A prospective study was conducted in the Department of Surgery, Tertiary care institute of India for a period of 20 Months. Based on the pilot study sample size derived was found to be 102. A performa was filled with patient particulars, history and clinical findings in female patient attending department of surgery OPD with breast related symptoms. Patients will be followed up with histopathological, cytological and radiological studies in indicated cases. The patients will be followed up for 1 year. Most common benign breast related symptoms and condition among the study group and probable risk factors for the same will be analyzed. Results:The commonest case among the study population was fibroadenoma 37 (36.27%). The next common was acute breast abscess, followed by fibrocystic disease (9). Lump alone detected either by patient herself or by the clinician was the most common presenting complaint in around 40 patients, followed by lump with pain in around 37, followed by either pain, nipple discharge. Fibroadenoma could be diagnosed clinically with an accuracy of about 89%. Abscess breast, phyllodes tumor and galactocele and few cases of granulomatous mastitis was also able to be diagnosed clinically. Conclusion: Fibrocystic disease is commonest amongst proliferative breast lesions followed by Sclerosing adenosis. Breast abscess is the commonest lesion amongst inflammatory breast lesions. Breast self-examination and health education to females is very important in cases of benign proliferative lesions. Key Words: Benign Breast Diseases, Fibroadenoma, Phyllodes tumor, Ultrasonography