Economical exposition to drought events (1980-2001)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloé Meyer
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Precipitation Index ◽  
Climatic Research Unit ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
East Anglia ◽  
Gis Modeling ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Year 2000

Estimation of the annual economical exposition to drought based on Standardized Precipitation Index. It is based on three sources: 1) A global monthly gridded precipitation dataset obtained from the Climatic Research Unit (University of East Anglia). 2) A GIS modeling of global Standardized Precipitation Index based on Brad Lyon (IRI, Columbia University) methodology. 3) A Global Domestic Product grid for the year 2010, provided by the World Bank. Unit is expected average annual GDP (2007 as the year of reference) exposed in (US $, year 2000 equivalent). For more information, visit: http://preview.grid.unep.ch/ Cost Drought Exposure Risk

scholarly journals Computation of the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Its Use to Assess Drought Occurrences in Cameroon over Recent Decades

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 2310-2324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Merlin Guenang ◽  
F. Mkankam Kamga
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Precipitation Index ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
East Anglia ◽  
The Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Short Time

AbstractThe standardized precipitation index (SPI) is computed and analyzed using 55 years of precipitation data recorded in 24 observation stations in Cameroon along with University of East Anglia Climate Research Unit (CRU) spatialized data. Four statistical distribution functions (gamma, exponential, Weibull, and lognormal) are first fitted to data accumulated for various time scales, and the appropriate functions are selected on the basis of the Anderson–Darling goodness-of-fit statistic. For short time scales (up to 6 months) and for stations above 10°N, the gamma distribution is the most frequent choice; below this belt, the Weibull distribution predominates. For longer than 6-month time scales, there are no consistent patterns of fitted distributions. After calculating the SPI in the usual way, operational drought thresholds that are based on an objective method are determined at each station. These thresholds are useful in drought-response decision making. From SPI time series, episodes of severe and extreme droughts are identified at many stations during the study period. Moderate/severe drought occurrences are intra-annual in short time scales and interannual for long time scales (greater than 9 months), usually spanning many years. The SPI calculated from CRU gridded precipitation shows similar results, with some discrepancies at longer scales. Thus, the spatialized dataset can be used to extend such studies to a larger region—especially data-scarce areas.

scholarly journals Analysis of meteorological and agricultural droughts in Serbia

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mladen Milanovic ◽  
Milan Gocic ◽  
Slavisa Trajkovic
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Precipitation Index ◽  
Precipitation Extreme ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Drought Intensity ◽  
The North ◽  
Rainfall Index ◽  
The Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Year 2000

Drought represents a combined heat-precipitation extreme and has become an increasingly frequent phenomenon in recent years. In order to access the entire analysis of drought, it is necessary to include the analysis of several types of drought. In this paper, impacts of meteorological and agricultural drought were analyzed across the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Agricultural Rainfall Index (ARI) on the territory of Serbia for the period from 1980 to 2010. For both types of drought, year 2000 is notable as the year when most of the observed stations had the highest drought intensity. It was found that meteorological drought for year 2000 has a higher intensity in the central and southeastern parts of the country, as well as in the north. Of all the stations, the highest intensity of meteorological drought was observed at Loznica station in 1989. Agricultural drought in 2000 had the lowest intensity in western Serbia.

Transitions between dry and wet periods in Europe during 1950–2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Bestakova ◽  
Petr Maca ◽  
Jan Kysely ◽  
Ujjwal Singh ◽  
Yannis Markonis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Aridity Index ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Climatic Research Unit ◽  
Energy Availability ◽  
East Anglia ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Humid Environment ◽  
Medium Range ◽  
Dry Conditions

<p>The study deals with probabilities of transitions from arid to humid environment and vice versa in<br>Europe. Aridity index, defined as a ratio of potential evapotranspiration and precipitation and<br>representing the ratio between energy availability and water availability, is used to characterize humid<br>(wet) and arid (dry) regions and allows us to study transitions between individual periods (wet-wet,<br>wet-dry, dry-dry, dry-wet). Three gridded datasets – CRU (UEA, 2020), E-OBS (ECAD, 2020) and ERA5<br>(ECMWF, 2020) – are used for this purpose. The aim of the study is to compare the three datasets as<br>to transitions between wet and dry conditions, which are determined according to the aridity index,<br>and evaluate the variability in Europe over 1950–2019. The changes in the aridity index since 1950 are<br>found to be most pronounced in Northern and Central Europe.</p><p><br>references:<br>ECAD, 2020: E-OBS gridded dataset, available from<br><https://www.ecad.eu/download/ensembles/download.php>.<br>UEA, 2020: University of East Anglia – Climatic Research Unit, available from<br><https://lr1.uea.ac.uk/cru/data>.<br>ECMWF, 2020: European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts – ERA5, available from<br><https://www.ecmwf.int/en/forecasts/datasets/reanalysis-datasets/era5>.</p>

scholarly journals Drought Trends in the Iberian Peninsula over the Last 112 Years

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Páscoa ◽  
C. M. Gouveia ◽  
A. Russo ◽  
R. M. Trigo
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Climatic Research Unit ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Drought Duration ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Duration Magnitude ◽  
Northwestern Region ◽  
The Standardized Precipitation Index

The Iberian Peninsula (IP) is a drought-prone area located in the Mediterranean which presents a significant tendency towards dryness during the last decades, reinforcing the need for a continuous monitoring of drought. The long-term evolution of drought in the IP is analyzed, using the Standardized Precipitation Evaporation Index (SPEI) and the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), for the period of 1901–2012 and for three subperiods: 1901–1937, 1938–1974, and 1975–2012. SPI and SPEI were calculated with a 12-month time scale, using data from the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) database. Trends in the drought indices, precipitation, and reference evapotranspiration (ET0) were analysed and series of drought duration, drought magnitude, time between drought events, and mean intensity of the events were computed. SPI and SPEI significant trends show areas with opposite signals in the period 1901–2012, mainly associated with precipitation trends, which are significant and positive in the northwestern region and significant and negative in the southern areas. Additionally, SPEI identified dryer conditions and an increase in the area affected by droughts, which agrees with the increase in ET0. The same spatial differences were identified in the drought duration, magnitude, mean intensity, and time between drought events.

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