scholarly journals AFTER PARITY. A MIXED METHODS STUDY ON GENDER BIAS IN THE VOLUME OF MEDIA COVERAGE OF ELECTORAL CAMPAIGNS

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frida V. Rodelo
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Local Elections ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Parity Principle ◽  
Female Candidates ◽  
And Gender

The absence of gender bias in the media coverage of political campaigns is one of the elements of the much sought after political participation of women. In this respect, Mexico is an interesting case as its legal framework has transitioned in a few years to include a mandated parity principle. In this study, we examine the relationship between the volume of coverage and gender to determine if there were gender differences in the radio coverage of local elections in Mexico (2012-2015). Findings show lower average shares of coverage for women after the increase in female candidates mandated by the parity principle. Semi-structured interviews conducted with journalists and former candidates suggest that the gender bias may reflect adverse attitudes towards female newcomers benefitted by the parity law, and gender differences in campaign resources, candidate placement criteria, and candidates’ political experience.

What Difference Does It Make? Gendered Campaigning in the 2016 Irish General Election

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Isabel Kusche
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
General Election ◽  
The Self ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Female Candidates ◽  
Occupational Background ◽  
Gender Quota

Abstract Possible gender differences in the self-presentation of political candidates have been a recurring research topic for many years. Yet studies that compare large numbers of candidates have mainly used data from the United States. This article uses a unique data set from the run-up to the 2016 general election in Ireland to compare the self-presentation of male and female candidates. The data are based on video statements of almost 90% of the candidates who ran in the election. With its lack of party polarization and recent introduction of a gender quota, Ireland is a particularly interesting case for analyzing possible gender differences in political campaigning. Findings confirm previous research that has found few gender differences in issue priorities but contradict it in other respects, especially regarding differences in stressing political experience and personal background. The results suggest that female candidates saw electoral benefits from conforming to expectations about women as caregivers, but they wished to avoid a stereotype limiting them to this role by also emphasizing their occupational background. Their strong personalization may also indicate an attempt to stress individuality in a context in which the gender quota drew special attention to women as a category.

Working with sex offenders with a history of sexual trauma: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-103
Author(s):  
Abbie Woodhouse ◽  
◽  
Sarah Craven-Staines ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Sexual Offenders ◽  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Sexual Trauma ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender

Gender differences impact the work that professionals engage in with sexual offenders and victims of sexual trauma (with females often perceived as more likely to experience sexual trauma, and males as more likely to commit a sexual offence). However, there is no evidence looking at these factors in combination. This study aimed to address this gap, asking: “Are experiences of nursing staff working with sex offenders with a history of sexual trauma affected by gender differences, that is, in terms of gender of the staff member, and gender of the client they are working with?” Eight participants, (four male, four female) working within a Forensic Mental Health Service took part in semi-structured interviews. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Five superordinate themes emerged from the data, along with a number of subordinate themes. Superordinate themes included: ‘Gender has a role’, ‘The trauma response’, ‘How we cope’, and ‘What we need’. Nursing staff working with sexual offenders with historic sexual trauma found work to be challenging both emotionally and socially. Such challenges were complicated by the gender interaction between them as professionals, and the patients who have experience of being both victims and perpetrators of sexual abuse.

Influences on the Number and Gender of Candidates in Canadian Local Elections

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Breux ◽  
Jérôme Couture ◽  
Royce Koop
Keyword(s):  
Local Elections ◽  
National Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Mayoral Elections ◽  
Female Candidates ◽  
Election Results ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Cross National

AbstractWe explore influences on the number of candidates, and female candidates in particular, who contest mayoral elections in Canada. We draw on an original cross-national data set of election results from mayoral elections in Canada's 100 largest cities between 2006 and 2017. An average of 4.96 candidates contested mayoral elections in this period, and 16 per cent of all candidates were women. Density and mayoral prestige were related to higher numbers of candidates; in contrast, incumbent candidates and the availability of other elected positions were related to lower numbers. Notably, the presence of a female incumbent was related to higher numbers of women running for the position of mayor; in contrast, higher mayoral salaries were associated with an increase in the number of male but not female candidates. This analysis enhances our understanding of the factors underlying contested local elections, as well as the factors that appear to facilitate women contesting local elections.

Party-Determined Viability and Gender Bias in Open-List Proportional Representation Systems

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rimvydas Ragauskas
Keyword(s):  
Gender Bias ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Proportional Representation ◽  
Social Democratic Party ◽  
Women Candidates ◽  
Social Democratic ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Female Candidates ◽  
And Gender

AbstractUsing individual-level data from three Lithuanian legislative elections (2008, 2012, 2016), this article investigates voter bias in an open-list proportional representation system in which parties rank candidates but voters are able to fully influence the rank order through preferential voting. This study examines the average effects of and variation in gender bias among voters of different parties. Most importantly, it also investigates how party cues interact with gender cues—that is, whether discriminatory tendencies vary by a candidate's party-determined viability. After establishing that there is no evidence of elite bias in favor of or against women candidates, with the exception of the Social Democrats and a few other parties, I demonstrate that, on average, female Lithuanian politicians receive approximately 7% fewer preferential votes than their male counterparts. In addition, the models predict that gender bias is most pronounced against the female candidates who are best placed to enter parliament. Finally, I demonstrate that Social Democratic voters are, on average, the most undisposed toward female candidates, correcting for positive elite bias toward female candidates from the Lithuanian Social Democratic Party, while voters of the Homeland Union party (conservatives) strongly prefer women politicians.

scholarly journals ‘Lasses are much easier to get on with’: The gendered labour of a female ethnographer in an all-male group

2021 ◽  
pp. 146879412098408
Author(s):  
Kate Haddow
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Doctoral Research ◽  
Male Group ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Access To The Field ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Fitting In ◽  
The Town

This article addresses the complexities of being a female ethnographer studying an all-male group, as well as the advantages and the effects this had on the researcher. It draws on research undertaken for a doctoral research project, employing ethnography and semi-structured interviews to explore ‘hidden’ food insecurity in the town of Middlesbrough, with predominantly male participants. The existing literature surrounding research and gender addresses the problems associated with gender differences in the field such as fitting in, sexualisation and sexist treatment and confinement to traditional gender roles. This research highlighted many problems associated with being a female ethnographer but that ultimately gender was beneficial in gaining and maintaining access to the field. It concludes by arguing for academia to develop the notion of ‘hidden ethnography’, alongside a recognition that researchers should be supported emotionally in problems they face in the field.

scholarly journals Political Leadership in the Media: Gender Bias in Leader Stereotypes during Campaign and Routine Times

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 911-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loes Aaldering ◽  
Daphne Joanna Van Der Pas
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Leadership Traits ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Automated Content Analysis ◽  
Female Politicians

This article studies gender differences in media portrayals of political leadership, starting with the expectation that male politicians are evaluated more often on traits belonging to the male leader stereotype, and that female politicians have no such advantage. These gender differences are expected to be especially pronounced during non-campaign periods. To test these expectations, a large-scale automated content analysis of all Dutch national newspapers from September 2006 to September 2012 was conducted. The results show that male politicians received more media coverage on leadership traits in general, although the male and female leader stereotypes explain most of the variation in gender bias between leadership traits. These gender effects are found during seldom-studied routine periods but not during campaigns. As leadership trait coverage has electoral consequences, this gender-differentiated coverage likely contributes to the under-representation of women in politics.

Prejudicial Evaluation

2017 ◽  
pp. 782-810
Author(s):  
Richard Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
International Students ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Peer Assessment ◽  
Individual Contribution ◽  
Rater Bias ◽  
Individual Contributions ◽  
And Gender

This chapter considers a simple but important question: can students fairly assess each other's individual contribution to team designs? The chapter focuses on a key problem when using online self-and-peer assessment to individualising design grades for team assignments, namely rater bias – the possibility of students being biased when assessing their own and their peers' contributions. Three rater-bias issues are considered in depth: (1) self-overmarking; (2) gender bias and gender differences; and (3) out-group bias in the peer assessment of international students in multicultural cohorts. Each issue is explored via the analysis of eight years of quantitative data from the use of an online self-and-peer assessment tool. Evidence is found of self-overmarking and of out-group bias in nonhomogeneous cohorts. However, no evidence is found of gender bias. The chapter concludes with recommendations for design teachers around the assessment of individual contributions to teamwork using self-and-peer assessment.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Political Media Coverage: A Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphne Joanna Van der Pas ◽  
Loes Aaldering
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Women Politicians ◽  
Electoral Systems ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Systematic Analysis

Abstract Do the media cover men and women politicians and candidates differently? This article performs a systematic analysis of 90 studies covering over 25,000 politicians in over 750,000 media stories, and presents the accumulated knowledge in a comprehensive theoretical framework. The paper shows that there is a gender bias in the amount of coverage of politicians in proportional electoral systems, where women politicians lag behind men in media attention, but that, surprisingly, this gender bias is absent in majoritarian electoral systems. In addition, we systematically review gender differences in the content of media reports on political candidates, such as differences in attention to private life and family, viability and horse-race coverage, issue coverage, and gender stereotypes. Overall, women politicians receive more attention to their appearance and personal life, more negative viability coverage, and, to some extent, stereotypical issue and trait coverage. We conclude by pointing out promising avenues for future research.

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