scholarly journals Temporal Changes in Physical Signs of Estrus and Validation of Fetal Parameters for Estimation of Gestational Stage through B-mode Ultrasonography in Beetal goats

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (04) ◽  
pp. 425-430
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ejaz-ul-Haq
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Biparietal Diameter ◽  
Mucous Discharge ◽  
Gestational Stage ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Estrus Response ◽  
Highly Correlated

The current study evaluates changes in the physical signs of estrus (vulvar hyperemia, edema and mucous discharge) from their onset until ovulation, and validates fetal parameters for the estimation of gestational stage in Beetal goats. In experiment 1, temporal changes in estrus signs were monitored subjectively after the administration of two injections of PGF2α at 10-days interval and a cumulative behavioural index (BI) was calculated in goats that showed estrus response (n=7). Ovulation occurred after 18.8±2.3 h relative to peak vulvar hyperemia and edema; ovulation coincided with maximum mucous discharge (0±2.4 h). Maximum BI was observed between 7 to 31 h after the onset of estrus and was highly correlated with vulvar hyperemia (r=0.94), followed by vulvar edema (r=0.90) and mucous discharge (r=0.85). In experiment 2, fetal parameters were monitored in pregnant goats (n=7) via ultrasonography for estimation of gestational stage, and for validation in a separate set of goats (n=20; experiment 3). Gestational stage correlated significantly (P<0.05) with the uterine diameter (UD), crown-rump length (CRL), trunk diameter (TD), intercostal space (ICS); diameter of amniotic vesicle (AV), biparietal diameter (BPD), placentome diameter (PD) and umbilical cord (UC) diameter. Validation revealed the difference between the actual and estimated day of gestation was less for TD than BPD (4.1±0.6 vs 6.8±1.0 days; P<0.05). In conclusion, vulvar hyperemia, edema, and mucous discharge are highly correlated with BI. Fetal parameters are strongly associated with the gestational stage, and the estimation of the actual gestational stage is less variable through TD than BPD in Beetal goats

scholarly journals Determination of gestational age by measuring defined embryonic and foetal indices with ultrasonography in Abaza and Gurcu goats

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mushap Kuru ◽  
Hasan Oral ◽  
Recai Kulaksiz
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Biparietal Diameter ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Linear Probe ◽  
Length Measurements ◽  
Ultrasound Measurements ◽  
The Mean

The aim of this study was to determine gestational age in Abaza and Gurcu goats by measuring certain embryonic and foetal indices with ultrasonography. A 5–7.5 MHz linear probe was used to obtain ultrasound measurements from 30 pregnant goats (10 Abaza and 20 Gurcu). Heart diameter (HD), biparietal diameter (BPD), crown-rump length (CRL), trunk diameter (TD) and placentome diameter (PD) were measured to determine gestational age. The mean of embryonic and foetal indices were calculated and linear regression was performed. Heart diameter measurements for Abaza and Gurcu goats were significantly different on days 45 (P= 0.048) and 60 (P= 0.019). Biparietal diameter values were significantly different on day 45 (P= 0.035). Crown-rump length measurements were significantly different at days 30 (P= 0.003) and 60 (P= 0.002). We determined that HD and TD were the best predictors of gestational age for Abaza goats (R2= 0.952, R2= 0.949, respectively), whereas HD and CRL were the best predictors of gestational age for Gurcu goats (R2= 0.933, R2= 0.942, respectively). Based upon our study results, these specific indices could be applied during ultrasonographic examinations of Abaza and Gurcu goats to confirm gestational age when the day of mating is unknown.

Is there a Need for Own Median Calculation in the Second Trimester Biochemical Markers Screening?

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 1070-1072
Author(s):  
Dan Navolan ◽  
Mirela Nicolov ◽  
Simona Vladareanu ◽  
Ioana Ciohat ◽  
Marius Craina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Biochemical Marker ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Established Method ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Fetal Aneuploidies ◽  
Singleton Pregnancies

Screening of fetal aneuploidies in early pregnancy is a well-established method in the materno-fetal medicine. The aim of our study was to analyze if the medians recommended by the manufacturers are adequate to perform an accurate screening or if there is a need for own laboratory medians calculation in second trimester biochemical marker screening.Sera were collected between 14 wp and 22 wp from 3374 singleton pregnancies. We analyzed three second trimester biochemical markers (AFP, hCG and free Estriol) concentration in all pregnant women and in a subgroup of pregnant women in which gestational age was determined based on crown-rump length. Our results showed that for all biochemical markers the difference between the manufacturer and the own calculated median was lower than 10% excepting the hCG value in the group of pregnant women in which the gestational age was determined on basis of crown-rump-length. Our results show it is recommended to replace the values of the median for hCG measurement with the own laboratory calculated medians. This does not seem to be necessary in the case of AFP and free Estriol measurement.

scholarly journals Efficacy of 4% chlorhexidine in preventing neonatal umbilical cord infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (03) ◽  
pp. 136-139
Author(s):  
Fouzia Ishaq ◽  
Anila Jamil ◽  
Muhammad Sajjad ◽  
Maria Iftikhar ◽  
Muhammad Adnan Zafar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Random Method

Background: Umbilical cord stump is a budding point for bacterial colonization subsequently leading to sepsis that contributes to high neonatal morbidity and mortality, if not properly managed. Antiseptic care can significantly reduce omphalitis and ultimately improve newborn survival. Objective of this study was to see the efficacy of 4% chlorhexidine use to prevent umbilical cord infection in neonates.Subjects and methods: It was a comparative analytical study conducted in Neonatal unit, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital (SGRH) Lahore from July, 2016 till January, 2017. One hundred neonates were enrolled and randomized into two equal group by simple random method (50 each). In one group, nothing was applied to cord while in chlorhexidine group, 4% chlorhexidine gel was applied on umbilicus and around it, once daily for 7 days or till cord detached whichever came early. First application was done by a nurse followed by duly trained mother/caregiver. The signs of omphalitis (redness, pus or localized oedema) were observed and recorded for each neonate in both groups. Chi square test was used to see the difference in omphalitis in these groups with p˂ 0.05 considered as statistically significant result.Results: Out of 100 neonates, 29 (58%) and 23 (46%) males while 21 (42%) and 27 (54%) females neonates belonged to dry care and chlorhexidine group respectively. Nineteen (38%) neonates with dry cord had omphalitis compared to only 5 (10%) in chlorhexidine group (p 0.001). Neonates with chlorhexidine application showed prolonged mean cord separation time (7.9±1.5 days) compared to dry care (6.1±1.8 days). Conclusion: The use of 4% Chlorhexidine was effective to lower omphalitis compared to neonates with dry cord care.

scholarly journals Employing multiple synchronous outcome samples per subject to improve study efficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger P. A’Hern
Keyword(s):  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Sampling Error ◽  
Optimum Number ◽  
Intra Class Correlation ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
True Value ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Multiple Samples

Abstract Background Accuracy can be improved by taking multiple synchronous samples from each subject in a study to estimate the endpoint of interest if sample values are not highly correlated. If feasible, it is useful to assess the value of this cluster approach when planning studies. Multiple assessments may be the only method to increase power to an acceptable level if the number of subjects is limited. Methods The main aim is to estimate the difference in outcome between groups of subjects by taking one or more synchronous primary outcome samples or measurements. A summary statistic from multiple samples per subject will typically have a lower sampling error. The number of subjects can be balanced against the number of synchronous samples to minimize the sampling error, subject to design constraints. This approach can include estimating the optimum number of samples given the cost per subject and the cost per sample. Results The accuracy improvement achieved by taking multiple samples depends on the intra-class correlation (ICC). The lower the ICC, the greater the benefit that can accrue. If the ICC is high, then a second sample will provide little additional information about the subject’s true value. If the ICC is very low, adding a sample can be equivalent to adding an extra subject. Benefits of multiple samples include the ability to reduce the number of subjects in a study and increase both the power and the available alpha. If, for example, the ICC is 35%, adding a second measurement can be equivalent to adding 48% more subjects to a single measurement study. Conclusion A study’s design can sometimes be improved by taking multiple synchronous samples. It is useful to evaluate this strategy as an extension of a single sample design. An Excel workbook is provided to allow researchers to explore the most appropriate number of samples to take in a given setting.

scholarly journals Number of fiber bundles in the fetal anterior talofibular ligament

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutsuaki Edama ◽  
Tomoya Takabayashi ◽  
Hirotake Yokota ◽  
Ryo Hirabayashi ◽  
Chie Sekine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Bundle ◽  
Fiber Bundles ◽  
Anterior Talofibular Ligament ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Inversion

Abstract Background For the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL), a three-fiber bundle has recently been suggested to be weaker than a single or double fiber bundle in terms of ankle plantarflexion and inversion braking function. However, the studies leading to those results all used elderly specimens. Whether the difference in fiber bundles is a congenital or an acquired morphology is important when considering methods to prevent ATFL damage. The purpose of this study was to classify the number of fiber bundles in the ATFL of fetuses. Methods This study was conducted using 30 legs from 15 Japanese fetuses (mean weight, 1764.6 ± 616.9 g; mean crown-rump length, 283.5 ± 38.7 mm; 8 males, 7 females). The ATFL was then classified by the number of fiber bundles: Type I, one fiber bundle; Type II, two fiber bundles; and Type III, three fiber bundles. Results Ligament type was Type I in 5 legs (16.7%), Type II in 21 legs (70%), and Type III in 4 legs (13.3%). Conclusions The present results suggest that the three fiber bundles of the structure of the ATFL may be an innate structure.

Can the difference of Doppler indexes at the different points of the umbilical artery predict to the umbilical cord length?

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 847-851
Author(s):  
Esra Bahar Gur ◽  
Ebru Sahin Gulec ◽  
Serpil Aydogmus ◽  
Mehmet Serkan Gur ◽  
Elif Yazici Tekeli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Artery ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cord Length

Sonographic Correlation Between Distal Femoral Epiphysis Ossification Centre And Gestational Age From 28 Weeks To 40 Weeks In Population Of Faisalabad City

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
OJS Admin
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Age Estimation ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Perinatal Morbidity ◽  
Ossification Centre ◽  
Age Assessment ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Biparietal Diameter ◽  
Distal Femoral Epiphysis ◽  
Ossification Centers

Gestational age assessment is one of the most important tool used for estimation of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Age estimation of fetus can be recorded with the help of various parameters such as biparietal diameter, abdominal circumference, head circumference, length of the kidneys, crown rump length, length of the long bones and ossification centers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document