Evaluation of the Inhibitory Effects of Coumermycin A1 on the Growth of Theileria and Babesia Parasites in vitro and in vivo

Coumermycin A1, a coumarin antibiotic, has anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, and antimalarial activities. We aimed to evaluate the anti-thielerial and anti-babesial activity of coumermycin A1 in mice in vivo. Coumermycin A1 efficacy was determined by the transcription of DNA gyrase, a type II DNA topoisomerase using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) transcription. Coumermycin A1 significantly inhibited the development of preliminary parasitemia (1%). Theileria equi and the Babesia species B. bigemina, B. bovis, and B. caballi were observed with IC50 values of 80, 70, 57, and 65 nM, respectively. Their development was remarkably inhibited at observed concentrations of 10, 25, 50, and 100µM for the studied organisms T. equi, and the Babesia species B. caballi, B. bovis and B. bigemina, respectively. In the subsequent viability test, parasite re-growth was suppressed at 100µM for B. bigemina and B. bovis and at 50 µM for B. caballi and T. equi. Coumermycin A1 Treatment of B. bovis cultures with Coumermycin A1 completely suppressed the transcription of the DNA gyrase subunits B and A genes. In BALB/c mice, the development of Babesia microti was inhibited by 70.73% using 5 mg/kg of Coumermycin A1.

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Evaluation of The In Vitro And In Vivo Inhibitory Effects of Enrofloxacin On the Growth of Babesia Species and Theileria Equi

10.31487/j.dda.2019.01.02 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Ikuo Igarashi ◽

Naoaki Yokoyama ◽

Akram Salama ◽

Amer AbdEl-Aziz ◽

Mahmoud AbouLaila ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dose Rate ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Babesia Microti ◽

Babesia Species ◽

Mice Model ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Theileria Equi ◽

Diminazene Aceturate

Objectives: Enrofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, is an inhibitor of prokaryotic topoisomerase II with antibacterial and antiparasitic activities. The study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of enrofloxacin on Babesia species and Theileria equi in vitro and in vivo. Methods: The inhibitory effects of enrofloxacin were evaluated in vitro cultures using in vitro inhibition assay of three Babesia species and Theileria equi; furthermore, the in vivo inhibitory effect of enrofloxacin was evaluated in the mice model of Babesia microti. Results: The IC50 values of enrofloxacin were 4.9, 4.5, 4, and 3.9 nM for B. bovis, B. bigemina, B. caballi, and B. equi, respectively. Enrofloxacin at a dose rate of 10 mg/kg resulted in a 92.9 % inhibition of Babesia microti growth in BALB/c mice. Combination therapy of enrofloxacin at a dose rate of 5 mg/kg with diminazene aceturate at a dose rate of 12.5 mg/kg resulted in 93.83 % inhibition of Babesia microti growth in BALB/c mice. Conclusions: Enrofloxacin might be used for drug therapy in babesiosis.

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Inhibitory effects of lapachol on rat C6 glioma in vitro and in vivo by targeting DNA topoisomerase I and topoisomerase II

Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research ◽

10.1186/s13046-016-0455-3 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Huanli Xu ◽

Qunying Chen ◽

Hong Wang ◽

Pingxiang Xu ◽

Ru Yuan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Topoisomerase I ◽

Topoisomerase Ii ◽

C6 Glioma ◽

Dna Topoisomerase I ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Dna Topoisomerase ◽

Rat C6 Glioma

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Myrrh Oil in Vitro Inhibitory Growth on Bovine and Equine Piroplasm Parasites and Babesia microti of Mice

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens9030173 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 173 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mahmoud AbouLaila ◽

Shimaa Abd El-Salam El-Sayed ◽

Mosaab A. Omar ◽

Mohammad Saleh Al-Aboody ◽

Amer R. Abdel Aziz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Small Subunit ◽

Babesia Bovis ◽

Babesia Microti ◽

Small Subunit Rrna ◽

Theileria Equi ◽

Diminazene Aceturate ◽

Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Polymerase Chain

The present experimental study was conducted for the assessment of the efficacy of in vitro inhibition of myrrh oil on the propagation of Babesia bovis, B. divergens, B. bigemina, Theileria equi, and B. caballi and in vivo efficacy on B. microti in mice through fluorescence assay based on SYBR green I. The culture of B. divergens B. bovis and was used to evaluate the in vitro possible interaction between myrrh oil and other commercial compound, such as pyronaridine tetraphosphate (PYR), diminazene aceturate (DA), or luteolin. Nested-polymerase chain reaction protocol using primers of the small-subunit rRNA of B. microti was employed to detect any remnants of DNA for studied parasitic species either in blood or tissues. Results elucidated that; Myrrh oil significantly inhibit the growth at 1% of parasitic blood level for all bovine and equine piroplasm under the study. Parasitic regrowth was inhibited subsequently by viability test at 2 µg/mL for B. bigemina and B. bovis, and there was a significant improvement in the in vitro growth inhibition by myrrh oil when combined with DA, PYR, and luteolin. At the same time; mice treated with a combination of myrrh oil/DA showed a higher inhibition in emitted fluorescence signals than the group that challenged with 25 mg/kg of diminazene aceturate at 10 and 12 days post-infection. In conclusion, this study has recommended the myrrh oil to treat animal piroplasmosis, especially in combination with low doses of DA.

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In vitro and in vivo growth inhibitory activities of cryptolepine hydrate against several Babesia species and Theileria equi

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽

10.1371/journal.pntd.0008489 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. e0008489

Author(s):

Gaber El-Saber Batiha ◽

Amany Magdy Beshbishy ◽

Luay M. Alkazmi ◽

Eman H. Nadwa ◽

Eman K. Rashwan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Babesia Species ◽

Theileria Equi ◽

Growth Inhibitory ◽

Inhibitory Activities ◽

In Vivo Growth

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Effects of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and quercetin on the activity and structure of α-amylase

Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.4314/tjpr.v18i3.20 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 585-590

Author(s):

Jianhui Su ◽

Zhe Tang

Keyword(s):

Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽

Hydrophobic Hydration ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Functional Factors ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Antidiabetic Effects

Purpose: To investigate the effects of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and quercetin on the activity and structure of α-amylase. Methods: The inhibitory effects of 7 functional factors were compared by measuring half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values. Lineweaver-Burk plots were used to determine the type of inhibition exerted by EGCG and quercetin against α-amylase. The effect of EGCG and quercetin on the conformation of α-amylase was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy. Results: Quercetin and EGCG inhibited α-amylase with IC50 values of 1.36 and 0.31 mg/mL, respectively, which were much lower than the IC50 values of the other compounds (puerarin, paeonol, konjac glucomannan and polygonatum odoratum polysaccharide). The Lineweaver−Burk plots indicated that EGCG and quercetin inhibited α-amylase competitively, with ki values of 0.23 and 1.28 mg/mL, respectively. Fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that treatment with EGCG and quercetin led to formation of a loosely-structured hydrophobic hydration layer. Conclusion: This study has unraveled the mechanism underlying the inhibition of α-amylase activity by EGCG and quercetin in vitro. This should make for better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the antidiabetic effects of EGCG and quercetin in vivo.

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Trichostatin A, a potential drug for treatment of animal Babesia infections

Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.5564/mjas.v11i2.210 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 24-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T Nyamjargal ◽

N Oshima ◽

X Xuan ◽

I Igarashi ◽

T Munkhjargal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trichostatin A ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Babesia Bovis ◽

Babesia Microti ◽

Control Group ◽

Babesia Bigemina ◽

Theileria Equi ◽

Babesia Gibsoni

In the present study, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of trichostatin A on the asexual growth of bovine, equine, and canine Babesia parasites in vitro as well as on the in vivo growth of Babesia microti (B.microti) in mice. The growth of Babesia bovis (B.bovis), Babesia bigemina (B.bigemina), Babesia caballi (B.caballi), Theileria equi (T.equi), and Babesia gibsoni (B.gibsoni) species was significantly inhibited (P < 0.05) by very low concentrations of trichostatin A (IC50 values = 2.6, 2.4, 2.3, 2.4, and 2.3 nM, respectively). Furthermore, in B.microti-infected mice, trichostatin A caused significant higher (P < 0.05) inhibition of the growth of B.microti at the dose of 2 mg/kg body weight than that in the control group. These results indicated the trichostatin A might be a chemotherapeutic agent for treatment of babesiosis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v11i2.210 Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.11(2) 2013 pp.24-26

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17-DMAG inhibits the multiplication of several Babesia species and Theileria equi on in vitro cultures, and Babesia microti in mice

International Journal for Parasitology Drugs and Drug Resistance ◽

10.1016/j.ijpddr.2018.02.005 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 104-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Azirwan Guswanto ◽

Arifin Budiman Nugraha ◽

Bumduuren Tuvshintulga ◽

Dickson Stuart Tayebwa ◽

Mohamed Abdo Rizk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Cultures ◽

Babesia Microti ◽

Babesia Species ◽

Theileria Equi

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The in vivo distribution and dynamics of DNA topoisomerase II in Drosophila embryonic nuclei and chromosomes

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100146217 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 74-75

Author(s):

Jason R. Swedlow ◽

Neil Osheroff ◽

Tim Karr ◽

John W. Sedat ◽

David A. Agard

Keyword(s):

Topoisomerase Ii ◽

Biochemical Characterization ◽

Developmental Cycle ◽

Dna Topoisomerase Ii ◽

Chromosomal Distribution ◽

Dna Topoisomerase ◽

Ideal System ◽

Dnase Treatment

DNA topoisomerase II is an ATP-dependent double-stranded DNA strand-passing enzyme that is necessary for full condensation of chromosomes and for complete segregation of sister chromatids at mitosis in vivo and in vitro. Biochemical characterization of chromosomes or nuclei after extraction with high-salt or detergents and DNAse treatment showed that topoisomerase II was a major component of this remnant, termed the chromosome scaffold. The scaffold has been hypothesized to be the structural backbone of the chromosome, so the localization of topoisomerase II to die scaffold suggested that the enzyme might play a structural role in the chromosome. However, topoisomerase II has not been studied in nuclei or chromosomes in vivo. We have monitored the chromosomal distribution of topoisomerase II in vivo during mitosis in the Drosophila embryo. This embryo forms a multi-nucleated syncytial blastoderm early in its developmental cycle. During this time, the embryonic nuclei synchronously progress through 13 mitotic cycles, so this is an ideal system to follow nuclear and chromosomal dynamics.

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