DETECCIÓN DEL IRIS YELLOW SPOT VIRUS EN EL CULTIVO DE CEBOLLA EN ZACATECAS, MÉXICO

El virus de la mancha amarilla del iris (IYSV) es la enfermedad viral de mayor importancia para los cultivos de ajo y cebolla en Zacatecas, México. A finales de mayo de 2010 se encontraron lesiones amarillentas en forma de diamante en hojas y tallo floral de plantas de cebolla en parcelas comerciales, localizados en los municipios de Loreto, Villa de Cos, Sain Alto, Villanueva, Calera de V. R. y Enrique Estrada pertenecientes al estado de Zacatecas. La prueba DAS-ELISA mostró resultados positivos para este virus en las muestras procedentes de diferentes municipios. Thrips tabaci el único vector conocido del IYSV se encontró en las parcelas comerciales muestreadas, aunque la presencia de Frankliniella occidentalis también fue reconocida en una parcela comercial de cebolla, cuyas muestras resultaron positivas a IYSV. No se encontró diferencia entre la altura, número de hojas, peso y diámetro de bulbo de plantas sin lesiones y aquellas con diferente número de lesiones de IYSV.

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Distribution and Transmission of Iris yellow spot virus

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2001.85.8.838 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 85 (8) ◽

pp. 838-842 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

A. Kritzman ◽

M. Lampel ◽

B. Raccah ◽

A. Gera

Keyword(s):

Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽

Thrips Tabaci ◽

Iris Yellow Spot Virus ◽

Yellow Spot ◽

Onion Thrips ◽

Spot Virus ◽

Nucleocapsid Gene ◽

Thrips Species ◽

Mother Plants ◽

Thrips Population

Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV), a new tospovirus associated with a disease in onion (Allium cepa) that is known to growers in Israel as “straw bleaching,” was identified and further characterized by host range, serology, electron microscopy, and molecular analysis of the nucleocapsid gene. The transmissibility of IYSV by Thrips tabaci and Frankliniella occidentalis was studied. IYSV was efficiently transmitted by T. tabaci from infected to healthy onion seedlings and leaf pieces. Two biotypes of F. occidentalis, collected from two different locations in Israel, failed to transmit the virus. Surveys to relate the incidence of thrips populations to that of IYSV were conducted in onion fields. They revealed that the onion thrips T. tabaci was the predominant thrips species, and that its incidence was strongly related to that of IYSV. Forty-five percent of the thrips population collected from IYSV-infected onion and garlic fields in Israel transmitted the virus. IYSV was not transmitted to onion seedlings from infected mother plants through the seed, and was not located in bulbs of infected plants.

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First Report of Iris yellow spot virus in Onion in Mauritius

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-10-09-0645 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 94 (11) ◽

pp. 1373-1373 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

K. Lobin ◽

A. Saison ◽

B. Hostachy ◽

S. P. Benimadhu ◽

H. R. Pappu

Keyword(s):

Disease Incidence ◽

Consensus Sequence ◽

Thrips Tabaci ◽

Iris Yellow Spot Virus ◽

Yellow Spot ◽

N Gene ◽

Spot Virus ◽

Viral Pathogen ◽

First Report ◽

Das Elisa

Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV; family Bunyaviridae, genus Tospovirus) transmitted by thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman) is an economically important viral pathogen of bulb and seed onion (Allium cepa) crops in many onion-growing areas of the world (2,3). In Africa, IYSV has been reported in Reunion (4) and South Africa (1). In June 2008, diamond-shaped lesions that are typical of IYSV were observed on onion seed scapes in an onion plot of 0.25 ha at Reduit in the central part of Mauritius. Disease incidence was 80% with a severity of 50 to 75% of the scape surface area. Lodging was observed in 25% of the symptomatic plants. Twenty-two symptomatic plants were tested and found to be positive for IYSV when tested by double antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA with a commercially available kit (Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN). The presence of the virus was confirmed by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR tests with primers 917L: 5′-TAAAACTTAACTAACACAAA-3′ and 56U: 5′-TCCTAAGTATTCACCAT-3′ as forward and reverse primers, respectively, for specific sequences flanking the CP gene. Another set of primers specific to the small (S) RNA of IYSV (5′-TAAAACAAACATTCAAACAA-3′ and 5′-CTCTTAAACACATTT AACAAGCAC-3′) produced an amplicon of approximately 1.2 kb that includes the 772-bp nucleocapsid (N) gene. The 1.2-kb amplicon was cloned and four clones were sequenced and consensus sequence was used for comparisons. Sequence analysis showed that the N gene of the IYSV isolate from Mauritius (GenBank Accession No. HM218822) shared the highest nucleotide sequence identity (99%) with several known IYSV N gene sequences (Accession Nos. FJ785835 and AM900393) available in the GenBank, confirming the presence of IYSV in the onion crops in Mauritius. A survey was subsequently carried out from July to November 2008 in major onion-growing localities at La Marie, Henrietta, Reduit, and Plaine Sophie (center); Bassin, La Ferme, and La Chaumiere (west); Grand Sable, Petit Sable, and Plaisance (south, southeast); and Belle Mare, Trou d'Eau Douce, and Palmar (east) to monitor the distribution of the disease on the island. Symptomatic samples with diamond-to-irregularly shaped lesions were observed and 155 symptomatic and 35 nonsymptomatic samples were collected and screened by DAS-ELISA for IYSV and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), another tospovirus reported to infect onion elsewhere. Sixty-six percent of the symptomatic samples screened (102 of 155) tested positive for IYSV. No IYSV was detected in the symptomless samples. There was no serological indication of TSWV infection in the samples. Samples that tested positive for IYSV were collected from Belle mare, Palmar, and Trou d'eau douce in the east and La Ferme in the west. Cultivars infected were Gandiole, Local Red, and Veronique. No IYSV was detected in the bulbs. The vector, T. tabaci, was observed in infected onion parcels surveyed and is known to occur in all onion-producing areas of the island. To our knowledge, this is the first report of IYSV in onion in Mauritius. Further surveys and monitoring of IYSV incidence, along with its impact on the yield, need to be established. References: (1) L. J. du Toit et al. Plant Dis. 91:1203, 2007. (2) D. H. Gent et al. Plant Dis. 88:446, 2004. (3) H. R. Pappu et al. Virus Res. 141:219, 2009. (4) I. Robène-Soustrade et al. Plant Pathol. 55:288, 2006.

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Identification and Incidence of Iris yellow spot virus, a New Pathogen in Onion and Leek in Greece

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-93-7-0761a ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 93 (7) ◽

pp. 761-761 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

E. K. Chatzivassiliou ◽

V. Giavachtsia ◽

A. H. Mehraban ◽

K. Hoedjes ◽

D. Peters

Keyword(s):

Polyclonal Antibodies ◽

Thrips Tabaci ◽

Iris Yellow Spot Virus ◽

Yellow Spot ◽

N Gene ◽

Spot Virus ◽

Sequence Comparisons ◽

Thrips Species ◽

Field Samples ◽

Das Elisa

Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV; genus Tospovirus, family Bunyaviridae) is an emerging and serious pathogen affecting several Allium spp. worldwide (2). The virus causes straw-colored, chlorotic or necrotic lesions that coalesce, occasionally resulting in an extensive necrosis on onion (A. cepa L.) leaves. From February to June 2008, 530 onion and 439 leek (A. porum L.) leaf samples showing a variety of lesions were collected from different areas of Greece. All plants sampled were infested with Thrips tabaci Lindeman, the sole thrips species identified as the vector of this virus. Samples were analyzed by double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA using polyclonal antibodies against the N protein of IYSV (Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen Agricultural University). A higher percentage of onion samples than leek samples were infected, with IYSV detected in 36, 44, 23.7, 61.7, 10, 55, 15.3, and 9.4% of onion samples from the prefectures of Evros, Heraklion, Kavala, Magnissia, Pella, Rodopi, Thessaloniki, and Viotia, respectively, and in 5, 0, 0, 9.3, and 13% of leek samples from Evros, Heraklion, Magnissia, Pella, and Thessaloniki, respectively. No leek samples were tested from Kavala, Rodopi, and Viotia. Sap extracts from some positive samples were mechanically inoculated onto Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, and infected plants developed typical IYSV symptoms and were positive in DAS-ELISA, confirming transmission from the field samples. Viral RNA was extracted from ELISA-positive onion and leek samples and an ~800-bp amplicon was obtained from both hosts by reverse-transcription (RT)-PCR and N-gene primers derived from IYSV (IY1: 5′-CCCGAGGATCCATGGCTACCGTTAGGG-3′ and IY2: 5′-CCCGAGGATCCAAATTAATTATATCTATCTTTCTTGG-3′) (1). These amplicons were cloned and sequenced (GenBank Accession No. FJ785835) and nucleotide sequence comparisons showed a 98 to 99% identity with a Dutch isolate of IYSV (GenBank Accession No AF001387). The virus was transmitted among onion seedlings in the laboratory using a leek population of T. tabaci. Infected seedlings, as determined by DAS-ELISA, developed symptoms similar to those observed in the field samples. To our knowledge, this is the first report of IYSV in Greece; however, the virus seems already to be very well established. References: (1) I. Cortez et al. Phytopathology 88:1276, 1998. (2) D. Gent et al. Plant. Dis. 90:1468, 2006.

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First Report of Onion (Allium cepa) Naturally Infected with Iris yellow spot virus in Peru

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pd-90-0377a ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 90 (3) ◽

pp. 377-377 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

S. W. Mullis ◽

R. D. Gitaitis ◽

C. Nischwitz ◽

A. S. Csinos ◽

Z. C. Rafael Mallaupoma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

The United States ◽

Thrips Tabaci ◽

Iris Yellow Spot Virus ◽

Yellow Spot ◽

N Gene ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Spot Virus ◽

First Report ◽

The Impact ◽

Das Elisa

Onions have become an important export crop for Peru during the last few years. The onions produced for export are primarily short-day onions and include Grano- or Granex-type sweet onions. The first of two growing seasons for onion in Peru occurs from February/March until September/October and the second occurs from September/October to December/January. Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV [family Bunyaviridae, genus Tospovirus]), primarily transmitted by onion thrips (Thrips tabaci), has been reported in many countries during recent years, including the United States (1,2). In South America, the virus was reported in Brazil during 1999 (3) and most recently in Chile during 2005 (4). During 2003, an investigation of necrotic lesions and dieback in onions grown near the towns of Supe and Ica, Peru led to the discovery of IYSV in this region. Of 25 samples of symptomatic plants collected from five different fields near Supe, 19 tested strongly positive and an additional three tested weakly positive for IYSV using double antibody sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) (Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN). None of the samples tested positive for Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). A number of onions with necrosis and dieback symptoms were also observed during 2004 and 2005. During September 2005, 25 plants with symptoms suspected to be caused by IYSV or TSWV in the Supe and Casma valleys were collected and screened for both viruses using DAS-ELISA. All plants screened were positive for IYSV. There was no serological indication of TSWV infection in these samples. The positive samples were blotted onto FTA cards (Whatman Inc., U.K.) to bind the viral RNA for preservation and processed according to the manufacturer's protocols. The presence of IYSV was verified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) using (5′-TCAGAAATCGAGAAACTT-3′) and (5′-TAATTATATCTATCTTTCTTGG-3′) as forward and reverse primers (1), respectively. The primers amplify the nucleocapsid (N) gene of IYSV, and the RT-PCR products from this reaction were analyzed with gel electrophoresis with an ethidium bromide stain in 0.8% agarose to verify the presence of this amplicon in the samples. Subsequent to the September 2005 sampling, 72 additional samples from regions in northern and southern Peru were analyzed in the same manner. The amplicons obtained were cloned, sequenced, and compared with known IYSV isolates for further verification. Onions have become a significant export crop for Peru, and more research is needed to determine the impact of IYSV on the Peruvian onion export crop. To our knowledge, this is the first report of IYSV in onion in Peru. References: (1) L. du Toit et al. Plant Dis. 88:222, 2004. (2) S. W. Mullis et al. Plant Dis. 88:1285, 2004. (3) L. Pozzer et al. Plant Dis. 83:345, 1999. (4) M. Rosales et al. Plant Dis. 89:1245, 2005.

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Hospedantes alternos de Iris yellow spot virus y trips en cultivos de cebolla de Morelos y Michoacán, México

Revista Mexicana de Fitopatología Mexican Journal of Phytopathology ◽

10.18781/r.mex.fit.1701-1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Norma Ávila Alistac ◽

Sergio Ramírez Rojas ◽

Ángel Rebollar Alviter ◽

Remigio Anastacio Guzmán Plazola

Keyword(s):

Allium Cepa ◽

Ricinus Communis ◽

Thrips Tabaci ◽

Iris Yellow Spot Virus ◽

Yellow Spot ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Spot Virus ◽

Das Elisa

El objetivo de la investigación fue identificar hospedantes alternos de Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV) y establecer el rango de hospedantes del putativo vector(es) en regiones productoras de cebolla (Allium cepa) de Morelos y Michoacán, México. En 10 localidades de ambos estados se muestrearon cultivos de cebolla y arvenses, en presencia y ausencia del cultivo. Las plantas de cebolla se analizaron por RT-PCR y las arvenses por DAS-ELISA. Las arvenses se identificaron a nivel especie, los trips colectados de las mismas se establecieron colonias para su identificación por PCR, con iniciadores específicos que amplifican un segmento del gen de citocromo oxidasa I (COI). Se analizaron e identificaron 295 arvenses agrupadas en 56 especies (23 familias), todas resultaron negativas para IYSV. Se detectaron trips en 75 arvenses agrupadas en 17 especies. Se analizaron 33 poblaciones de trips (22 de Morelos y 11 de Michoacán). La secuenciación indicó identidad con Thrips tabaci con una homología superior a 97 %. Las arvenses Ricinus communis y Acalypha ostryifolia registraron el mayor número de T. tabaci. En cebolla se confirmó la presencia de IYSV con RT-PCR en las 10 parcelas muestreadas. Este es el primer reporte de la presencia de IYSV en el estado de Michoacán.

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Hospedantes alternos de Iris yellow spot virus y trips en cultivos de cebolla de Morelos y Michoacán, México

Revista Mexicana de Fitopatología Mexican Journal of Phytopathology ◽

10.18781/10.18781/r.mex.fit.1701-1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Norma Ávila Alistac ◽

Sergio Ramírez Rojas ◽

Ángel Rebollar Alviter ◽

Remigio Anastacio Guzmán Plazola

Keyword(s):

Allium Cepa ◽

Ricinus Communis ◽

Thrips Tabaci ◽

Iris Yellow Spot Virus ◽

Yellow Spot ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Spot Virus ◽

Das Elisa

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Detección de Iris yellow spot virus en cebolla cultivada en Tepalcingo, Morelos, México

Revista Mexicana de Fitopatología Mexican Journal of Phytopathology ◽

10.18781/r.mex.fit.1604-1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Sergio Ramírez-Rojas ◽

Katya Ornelas-Ocampo ◽

Felipe De Jesús Osuna-Canizalez ◽

Juan Carlos Bartolo-Reyes ◽

Vicente Varela-Loza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Allium Cepa ◽

Thrips Tabaci ◽

Iris Yellow Spot Virus ◽

Yellow Spot ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Spot Virus ◽

La Mancha

En el estado de Morelos recientemente se han observado enfermedades virales en cebolla (Allium cepa); una de ellas es la mancha amarilla causada por el Iris yellow spot virus perteneciente a la familia Bunyaviridae del género Tospovirus, el cual se trasmite a la cebolla por Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). En el 2012 la incidencia de esta enfermedad fue de 100 % en las 2,500 ha cultivadas en la entidad con una severidad superior a 90 %. El objetivo de este trabajo fue detectar mediante RT-PCR en tiempo real y secuenciar la presencia de IYSV. Para su identificación se tomaron muestras de hojas de cebolla con manchas amarillentas alargadas, desde el trasplante hasta la cosecha en Tepalcingo, Morelos. La extracción de ARN total se realizó utilizando TRIzol® Reagent. La detección del virus se realizó con primers específicos al gen de la nucleoproteína de IYSV dando como resultado la amplificación de un producto específico mediante RT-PCR en tiempo real y una banda esperada de 896 pb la cual mediante secuenciación confirmó 99 % de identidad con el gen de la nucleoproteína de este virus. El IYSV fue detectado en plantas de cebolla en Tepalcingo, Morelos y su secuencia se registró en la base de datos del GenBank (JX946658).

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First Report of Iris yellow spot virus on Onion (Allium cepa) in Texas

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pd-90-1359b ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 90 (10) ◽

pp. 1359-1359 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

M. E. Miller ◽

R. R. Saldana ◽

M. C. Black ◽

H. R. Pappu

Keyword(s):

Disease Incidence ◽

Iris Yellow Spot Virus ◽

Yellow Spot ◽

N Gene ◽

Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Onion Thrips ◽

Spot Virus ◽

Das Elisa ◽

Bulb Yield

Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV; family Bunyaviridae, genus Tospovirus) has emerged as a potentially devastating and widespread virus of onion. IYSV was first reported in the United States from Idaho in 1993 and has since spread to many of the onion-producing areas (1). In South America, the most recent reports of the virus on onion were from Peru and Chile (2,4). In 2005, onion plants in Uvalde County, Texas exhibited necrotic lesions on leaves typical of IYSV and disease incidence approached 100% in some fields with yield loss and quality problems. Five of six plants tested were positive for IYSV with double antibody sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA; Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN). In 2006, similar lesions were observed on onion plants in Uvalde County and approximately 400 km south in Hidalgo and Cameron counties. Infection points generally started as a single plant near the edge of fields and spread to plants in a 3- to 4-m area after 1 to 2 weeks. Early-season disease incidence was low in onions grown for bulbs and transplants, <10% in 2006. Disease incidence increased in some fields until the crop was harvested. Leaves of symptomatic plants were tested for IYSV and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) using DAS-ELISA, and 18 of 23 samples from the Hidalgo County area and 12 of 21 samples from the Uvalde County area were positive for IYSV. All samples tested for TSWV from these counties were negative. Virus infection in some ELISA-positive plants was verified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using primers derived from the small RNA of IYSV. The primers flanked the IYSV nucleocapsid (N) gene (5′-TAA AAC AAA CAT TCA AAC AA-3′ and 5′-CTC TTA AAC ACA TTT AAC AAG CAC-3′ (3). RT-PCR gave a PCR product of expected size (approximately 1.2 kb). The DNA amplicon was cloned and sequenced (GenBank Accession No. DQ658242). Nucleotide sequence analysis confirmed the identity of the amplicon as that of IYSV N gene and sequence comparisons with known IYSV N gene sequences showed 95 to 98% sequence identity. The primary vector of IYSV, onion thrips (Thrips tabaci), is a widespread and destructive pest of onion in south Texas. The year-to-year incidence of IYSV and the severity of the disease will probably depend on the onion thrips population levels. Bulb yield reduction could be severe during years with high thrips populations. More research is needed to determine the impact of IYSV on bulb yield in Texas, the relationship between IYSV incidence and T. tabaci population levels, and oversummering hosts. To our knowledge, this is the first known report of IYSV in Texas. References: (1) D. H. Gent et al. Plant Dis. 88:446, 2004, (2) S. W. Mullis et al. Plant Dis. 90:377, 2006, (3) H. Pappu et al. Arch. Virol. 151:1015, 2006. (4) M. Rosales et al. Plant Dis. 89:1245, 2005.

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