A imputabiliade penal nos delitos cometidos por meio de estruturas organizadas de poder

2018 ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Laís Helena de Paula Gomes Miziara ◽  
Fernando Tadeu Marques
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Domain Theory ◽  
Functional Domain ◽  
Central Focus ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Domain Functional ◽  
Derecho Penal ◽  
Sobre Todo

ResumoO presente artigo analisa o domínio do fato, conforme desenvolvido por Claus Roxin, bem como seus desdobramentos: domínio da ação, domínio funcional e domínio da vontade. Para tanto, analisa-se brevemente se o Código Penal Brasileiro adotou um critério de autoria e, ainda, se tal critério é compatível com a aplicação da teoria do domínio do fato em nosso ordenamento jurídico. O enfoque central é a análise mais detalhada da teoria do domínio da vontade por meio do domínio da organização,com o intuito de averiguar como se dá a imputabilidade penal nestes casos, bem como discorrer sobre as discussões envolvendo tal teoria. Ademais, além de uma exposição doutrinária, este estudo analisa como a jurisprudência, sobretudo nacional, vem aplicando a teoria do domínio do fato e a teoria do domínio da organização, tendo como principal referência o julgamento da Ação Penal nº 470 pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal, devido à sua relevância e impacto no direito penal brasileiro.Palavras-chaves: domínio do fato; domínio da organização; Claus Roxin;AbstractDominion over the fact, as developed by Claus Roxin and its consequences: the action domain, functional domain and domain of will. Therefore, we analyze briefly if the Brazilian Penal Code adopted a criterion of authorship and, even such a criterion is compatible with the application of the fact that the domain theory in our legal system. The central focus is the most detailed analysis of the theory of the field of will through the organization’s domain, in order to find out how is the criminal responsibility in these cases as well as elaborate on discussions involving such a theory. Moreover, in addition to a doctrinal exposition, this study examines the case law, especially national, has applied the fact that the domain theory and the organization’s domain theory, the main reference the judgment of the Criminal Action No. 470 by the Supreme Court, because of their relevance and impact on the Brazilian criminal law.Key Words: Dominion over the fact; organization’s domain; Claus Roxin;ResumenEl presente artículo analiza el dominio del hecho, según lo desarrollado por Claus Roxin, así como sus desdoblamientos: dominio funcional y de la voluntad. Para ello, se analiza brevemente si el Código Penal Brasileño adoptó un criterio de autoría y, si tal criterio es compatible con la aplicación de la teoría del dominio del hecho en nuestro ordenamiento jurídico. El enfoque central es el análisis más detallado de la teoría del dominiode la voluntad a través del dominio de la organización, con el fin de averiguar cómo se da la imputabilidad penal en estos casos, así como discurrir sobre las discusiones involucrando tal teoría. Además, aparte de una exposición doctrinal, este estudio analiza cómo la jurisprudencia, sobre todo nacional, viene aplicando la teoría del dominio del hecho y la teoría del dominio de la organización, teniendo como principal referenciael juicio de la Acción Penal nº 470 por el Supremo TribunalFederal, debido a su relevancia e impacto en el derecho penal brasileño.Palabras clave: dominio del hecho; dominio de la organización; Claus Roxin.

scholarly journals Los criterios jurisprudenciales para exigir responsabilidad penal a las personas jurídicas en el delito corporativo

2019 ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Morales Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Corporate Crime ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Legal Entity ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Derecho Penal

Las recientes reformas del Código Penal Español han supuesto una verdadera revolución en el ámbito de la responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas. A raíz de las mismas, el Tribunal Supremo ha dictado una serie de sentencias que han arrojado bastante luz acerca de cuáles han de ser los elementos o requisitos que configuran la base para la atribución de la responsabilidad penal a la persona jurídica. Analizando dichas sentencias, puede observarse el reconocimiento del delito corporativo, caracterizado por contar con sus propios elementos, distintos a los exigibles a las personas físicas. Pues bien: este trabajo tiene como principal objeto de estudio la doctrina del Tribunal Supremo sobre esta materia con la finalidad de inferir cuál es la posible configuración del delito corporativo en atención a estos pronunciamientos jurisprudenciales, a los principios del derecho penal, así como al propio tenor literal de la ley. Ante esta situación, diferentes autores se han ido posicionando acerca de la fundamentación de la responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas; así como de la concreta estructura del delito corporativo. Se analizan también sus diferentes puntos de vista señalando que sus visiones del tema son muy dispares.Recent reforms of the Spanish Penal Code have supposed a real revolution in the area of criminal liability of legal entity. As a result of that, the Supreme Court has issued a series of judgments that shed light on which should be the elements or requirements that form the basis for the attribution of criminal responsibility to the legal entity. Analyzing these jurisprudential pronouncements, we can observe the recognition of corporate crime, characterized by having its own elements, different from those required of natural persons. Well, this work has as its main object of study the doctrine of the Supreme Court on this matter with the purpose of inferring what is the possible configuration of the corporate crime in attention to these jurisprudential pronouncements, to the principles of criminal law, as well as to the own literal tenor of the law. Faced with this situation, different authors have been positioning themselves on the basis of the criminal liability of legal entity; as well as the concrete structure of corporate crime. Their different points of view are also analyzed, pointing out that their views on the subject are very different.

scholarly journals PROTECTING PATIENT’S RIGHTS IN A POST-TRADITIONAL LEGAL SYSTEM: COMPARING LATVIAN AND JAPANESE MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE

Medicne pravo ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 18-46
Author(s):  
A. A. Lytvynenko
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Medical Law ◽  
Medical Interventions ◽  
Patient’S Rights ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Lower Courts ◽  
Right To Information ◽  
End Of Life Decision

Litigation concerning the violation of patient’s rights, which are associated with informed consent, confidentiality, right to information and medical records, as well as occasionally with end-of-life decision- making are quite frequent in common law and civil law jurisdictions, and has lasted for over a century in issues concerning malpractice, or unauthorized medical interventions and breaches of medical confidentiality. However, what could we say about medical law-related litigation in Japan? Technically, the legal system of Japan is a civil law one, but is practically post-traditional, which is reflected in extreme paternalism in healthcare and patient-physician relationships, which could be observed before the recent decades and which still has some impact on the modern Japanese medical law, despite the number of medical law-related litigation is becoming more frequent nowadays. The Japanese legislation does not have a specific “patient’s rights law” in contrast to European states, and most of the principles relating to medical malpractice derive from case law – the practice of the Supreme Court and of the lower courts. Each of the decisions strongly depends upon the factual circumstances, and the post-traditional features of the legal system may have some impact on it.

The AMA Guides in Pennsylvania “Post-Protz”: Act 111 and Case Law Update

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Justin D. Beck ◽  
Judge David B. Torrey
Keyword(s):  
Case Law ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Disability Benefits ◽  
Permanent Disability ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Legal Questions ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Recent Edition ◽  
Impairment Ratings

Abstract Medical evaluators must understand the context for the impairment assessments they perform. This article exemplifies issues that arise based on the role of impairment ratings and what edition of the AMA Guides to the Impairment of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) is used. This discussion also raises interesting legal questions related to retroactivity, applicability of prior precedent, and delegation. On June 20, 2017, the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania handed down its decision, Protz v. WCAB (Derry Area Sch. Dist.), which disallows use of the “most recent edition” of the AMA Guides when determining partial disability entitlement under the Pennsylvania Workers’ Compensation Act. An attempted solution was passed by the Pennsylvania General Assembly and was signed into law Act 111 on October 24, 2018. Although it affirms that the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, must be used for impairment ratings, the law reduces the threshold for total disability benefits from 50% to 35% impairment. This legislative adjustment benefited injured workers but sparked additional litigation about whether, when, and how the adjustment should be applied (excerpts from the laws and decisions discussed by the authors are included at the end of the article). In using impairment as a threshold for permanent disability benefits, evaluators must distinguish between impairment and disability and determine an appropriate threshold; they also must be aware of the compensation and adjudication process and of the jurisdictions in which they practice.

PLACE OF JUDICIAL PRECEDENT IN THE LEGAL SYSTEM OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Globus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Sharifovna Kiyan ◽  
Viktoriya Valerevna Klimentenko
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
Legal Study ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Russian Federation

This article discusses a comprehensive theoretical and legal study of the place of case law in the system of sources of law of the Russian Federation. The major focus is devoted to the analysis of various theoretical approaches and court acts that allow to determine the role of case law in the Russian legal system. The conclusion is made that it is necessary to define legally the role of case law and determine its place in the Russian legal system

India

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shreya Atrey
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Disability Rights ◽  
Appellate Courts ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
High Courts ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Domestic Law

This chapter provides an expository account of Indian appellate courts’ engagement with the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) and the developing case law on disability rights. As a dualist State, India has ratified but not incorporated the CRPD into its domestic law. This has not deterred frequent references to the CRPD in litigation at the highest level. The appellate courts—High Courts and the Supreme Court—have resorted to the CRPD in diverse ways. The analysis of the small but not insignificant body of case law shows that these instances can be classified into two broad themes of ‘citation’ and ‘interpretation’. In the final analysis, the overall impact of references to the CRPD can be considered largely positive but still modest in the absence of new legislation embracing the human rights framework and social model of the CRPD in India.

Medical treatment and best interests: judicial interpretation of values, wishes and beliefs under the Mental Capacity Act 2005

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-173
Author(s):  
Owen P. O'Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Mental Capacity Act 2005 ◽  
Mental Capacity Act ◽  
The Uk

Purpose The prominence of the best interests principle in the Mental Capacity Act 2005 represented an important transition to a more resolutely patient-centred model regarding decision-making for incapable adults (“P”). This paper aims to examine the courts’ consideration of P’s values, wishes and beliefs in the context of medical treatment, reflect on whether this has resulted in a wide interpretation of the best interests standard and consider how this impacts clinical decision makers. Design/methodology/approach A particular focus will be on case law from the Court of Protection of England and Wales and the Supreme Court of the UK. Cases have been selected for discussion on the basis of the significance of their judgements for the field, the range of issues they illustrate and the extent of commentary and attention they have received in the literature. They are presented as a narrative review and are non-exhaustive. Findings With respect to values, wishes and beliefs, the best interests standard’s interpretation in the courts has been widely varied. Opposing tensions and thematic conflicts have emerged from this case law and were analysed from the perspective of the clinical decision maker. Originality/value This review illustrates the complexity and gravity of decisions of the clinical decision makers and the courts have considered in the context of best interests determinations for incapacitated adults undergoing medical treatment. Subsequent to the first such case before the Supreme Court of the UK, emerging case law trends relating to capacity legislation are considered.

Individual Criminal Responsibility before the International Criminal Court

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Goy
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
International Criminal Court ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
International Criminal Tribunal ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Former Yugoslavia ◽  
Individual Criminal Responsibility

For more than 15 years the two ad hoc Tribunals, the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), have interpreted the requirements of different forms of individual criminal responsibility. It is thus helpful to look at whether and to what extent the jurisprudence of the ICTY/ICTR may provide guidance to the International Criminal Court (ICC). To this end, this article compares the requirements of individual criminal responsibility at the ICTY/ICTR and the ICC. The article concludes that, applied with caution, the jurisprudence of the ICTY/ICTR – as an expression of international law – can assist in interpreting the modes of liability under the ICC Statute. ICTY/ICTR case law seems to be most helpful with regard to accessorial forms of liability, in particular their objective elements. Moreover, it may assist in interpreting the subjective requirements set out in Article 30 ICC Statute.

The concept of human dignity in the case-law of the Supreme Court of Canada on Charter Equality Rights

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 118-137
Author(s):  
Tatiana Vasilieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Supreme Court Of Canada ◽  
Equality Rights ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Additional Burden ◽  
The Impact

This article explores the evolution of the Supreme Court of Canada’s approach to the application of the concept of human dignity in constitutional equality cases. Traditionally, in human rights cases, this concept serves only to strengthen the argument, to show that the violation affects the person’s intrinsic worth. It is only in Canada and in South Africa that there is experience in applying the concept as a criterion for identifying discrimination. In 1999, in Law v. Canada, the Supreme Court recognized the purpose of Article 15(1) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms of 1982 to be the protection of human dignity and stated that discrimination must be established based on assessment of the impact of a program or law on human dignity. However, in 2008, in R. v. Kapp, the Court noted that the application of the concept of human dignity creates difficulties and places an additional burden of prove on the plaintiff. It is no coincidence that victims of discrimination have preferred to seek protection before human rights tribunals and commissions, where the dignity-based test is not used. Subsequently, the Supreme Court of Canada rejected the use of the concept of human dignity as a criterion for identifying discrimination. The unsuccessful experience of applying the concept of human dignity as legal test has demonstrated that not every theoretically correct legal construction is effective in adjudication.

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