scholarly journals Absorption capacity of Structural Funds in Romania

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florina Popa
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Structural Funds ◽  
Real Convergence

The ability to finance and absorb more efficiently Eropean Union Funds has an important role in the process of real convergence of Romania, reported to the European Union, and recovery of gaps to other Member States. The study reveals both the essential elements of the absorption capacity and cofinancing, as well as the challenges related to structural funds absortion. Finally, we try a case study on Romania, with regard to the degree of European Funds absorption, made on the basis of statistics, in development (2007-2011).

scholarly journals Protection possibilities of agricultural minor crops in the European Union: a case study of soybean, lupin and camelina

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Matyjaszczyk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Minor Crops ◽  
Chemical Products

Abstract In the central part of the European Union soybean, lupin and camelina are minor agricultural crops. The paper presents analysis of plant protection products availability for those crops in Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Holland, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. Data from year 2019 show that availability of products is generally insufficient. For camelina in some countries, there are no chemical products available whatsoever. For lupin and soybean, there are not always products available to control some pest groups. However, the products on the market differ significantly among the member states. The results show that in protection of soybean, lupin and camelina, no single active substance is registered for the same crop in all the analysed member states. In very numerous cases, active substance is registered in one out of eight analysed member states only.

Regional Allocation of Structural Funds in the European Union

10.1068/c21m ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 655-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Gil ◽  
Pedro Pascual ◽  
Manuel Rapún
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Distribution Problem ◽  
Structural Funds ◽  
Empirical Procedure ◽  
Real Convergence ◽  
Real Distribution ◽  
Nonlinear Programming Method

Economic disparities among the regions of the European Union are more pronounced than among countries. Structural Funds have played a crucial compensatory role, promoting the economic development and real convergence of lagging regions. The amount of resources destined to regional policy and the conflicts arising from its funding and distribution create the need for an adequate theoretical foundation or model to help politicians solve the distribution problem. In this paper we propose an empirical procedure to carry out and evaluate different distributions of funds for the periods 1989 – 93 and 1994 – 99. We begin with the estimation of an augmented production function to permit the calculation of the expected GDP per capita. We then propose a nonlinear programming method to simulate alternative distributions of Structural Funds among Objective 1 regions, based upon two different approaches: equal development, and equal opportunities. For these two approaches we calculate different possibilities, ranging from highly efficient to highly equitable, with the result that we are able to show the ‘frontier’ of optimal distributions. Finally, we evaluate these results and compare them with the real distribution.

scholarly journals Raising compulsory automobile insurance minimum amounts: a case study from the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2019/4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
Union Member ◽  
The United States ◽  
Automobile Insurance ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Automobile Accidents ◽  
Member States ◽  
European Union Member States

This article discusses a decision both European Union Member States and states in the United States must make: whether to raise their compulsory automobile insurance minimum amounts. The authors review a case study from the United States, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and conclude a proposed increase in the compulsory minimum amounts should pass the legislator. The purpose of compulsory automobile insurance is to compensate victims of automobile accidents. Due to inflation, the minimum amounts in Pennsylvania no longer compensate adequately. Moreover, the data do not support the contention that an increase in the minimum amounts will cause large increases in premiums and uninsured rates. The authors conclude that compulsory minimum amounts should be periodically reviewed, as they are in the European Union, and that arguments about large increases in premiums and uninsured rates should be subjected to a careful review based on data.

‘With Whom We Talk?’ Drawing Regions in 21st Century Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-177
Author(s):  
Mădălin-Cătălin Blidaru
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New States

"The African continent inherited borders drawn by foreign actors for centuries, with a limited influence exerted by its internal political structures. This impacted its development across decades, acting as a contributing factor to economic, social and political conflicts, some of them resulting in further divisions in time: new states emerged, while the federal structures developed within some states remain unstable. In this paper, the author investigates the current regional groupings of states established in different African frameworks in an attempt to answer the question “how external actors influence and legitimize the development of regions” in 21st century. From a functionalist perspective, it explores the motives for the formation of a wide range of regional integration and cooperation organizations. The case study of G5 Sahel, an institutionalized regional arrangement focused on security and development of its member states, is analyzed as an arrangement emerged with support from France and the European Union. The case study analysis trails the cooperation with these two foreign actors with the G5 Sahel member states in the five years, focused on evolution, financing and joint initiatives – including to what extent these contributed to consolidation of the regional borders. Keywords: region-building, G5 Sahel, regional cooperation, European Union, development cooperation "

scholarly journals Qualitative monitoring of information infrastructures: A case study of INSPIRE

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Masser ◽  
Joep Crompvoets
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Community ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Information Infrastructures ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Nature Of Information

This paper considers the experience of the implementation of the Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 March 2007 establishing an Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community (INSPIRE) as a case study of qualitative monitoring in building information infrastructures. It considers the nature of information infrastructures and possible approaches to qualitative monitoring in situations of this kind and describes the outcomes of two rounds of qualitative country reports prepared by the European Union national Member States in 2010 and 2013. The findings of the analysis highlight the great diversity of approaches developed by the participating countries and the complexity of the tasks involved as well as pointing to a number of areas of potential research on the implementation of information infrastructures.

scholarly journals Are the EU Member States Ready for the New Union Customs Code: Emerging Legal Issues On the National Level

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-75
Author(s):  
Gediminas Valantiejus
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Trade ◽  
National Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Eu

AbstractIn 2016, the European Union has launched a new and ambitious project for the future regulation of international trade in the European Union and the rules of its taxation: since the 1 May 2016, the new Union Customs Code (UCC) has entered into force. It revokes the old Community Customs Code (CCC), which was applied since 1992, and passed in the form of EU regulation sets brand-new rules for the application of Common Customs Tariff and calculation of customs duties (tariffs) in all the EU Member States. It is oriented to the creation of the paperless environment for the formalisation of international trade operations (full electronic declaration of customs procedures) and ensuring of a more uniform administration of customs duties in the tax and customs authorities of the Member States in the European Union. Therefore, the article raises and seeks to answer the problematic question whether the Member States of the European Union themselves are ready to implement these ambitious goals and does the actual practice of the Member States support that (considering the practice of the Republic of Lithuania). The research, which is based on the analysis of case law in the Republic of Lithuania (case study of recent tax disputes between the taxpayers and customs authorities that arose immediately before and after the entry into force of the UCC), leads to the conclusion that many problematic areas that may negatively impact the functioning of the new Customs Code remain and must be improved, including an adoption of new legislative solutions.

scholarly journals The Catching up Processes of the Regions of the Visegrad Group Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imre Lengyel ◽  
Balázs Kotosz
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Member States ◽  
Structural Funds ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Visegrad Group

The majority of Central and Eastern European post‑socialist countries acceded to the European Union in 2004. The integration of these economies to the Union had begun earlier, which was strengthened by grants from the Structural Funds after the accession. One of their aims is to facilitate the catching up processes of less developed regions and their convergence to the average of older member states. In our study1, we examine the success of the catching up processes of the NUTS3 regions in the four Visegrad Group countries (V4), i.e., the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia, between 2000 and 2014 to the average of the 15 initial member states of the European Union. Is there a process of catching up in each region, and if so, is it at a similar or a highly different rate? We analyze the development of GDP per capita at Purchasing Power Parity, and we examine disparities in the level of catching up using entropy‑based Theil indexes. We provide a detailed analysis of two of the influencing factors of the catching up process of regions. Firstly, we look at whether the catching up process of the regions took place in a similar or very different way compared to the national average. Secondly, we examine how the size of the biggest city of the regions affected catching up, and whether the role of the biggest city of region can be shown.

scholarly journals Real Convergence In The European Union: “New” Versus “Old” Member States

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-17
Author(s):  
Ana-Maria Holobiuc
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Conditional Convergence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Member States ◽  
New Member States ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Panel Regressions ◽  
Real Convergence

The recent waves of enlargement of the European Union have created not only opportunities, but also challenges, emphasizing the complexity of the integration process and the difficulty to assure cohesion between Members. The aim of this paper is to examine real convergence in an enlarged European Union and to conduct a comparative analysis between the New (13) and the Old Members (15). In this respect, we have studied absolute and conditional convergence between 1995 and 2019, taking into consideration the level of GDP per capita. The methodological tools of the research were β-convergence based on cross-sectional and panel regressions and σ-convergence. The results of our study confirm the 2% law of convergence within the European Union between 1995 and 2019. However, the analysis of the economic performances among the New and Old Members led us to opposite results: while the catching-up speed among the New Member States reached on average 2.7%, in the Old Members we didn’t identify a statistically significant relationship between the initial income and the subsequent growth rates. In order to account for economic and social differences between the Member States, we have examined conditional convergence, illustrating the defining role of investment, trade and labor productivity in catalyzing convergence both in the New and Old Members. In contrast, the empirical study suggests that an increased level of public expenditures and over-indebtedness within the European Union threaten the catching-up process. The results of our paper can be useful for the European decision makers, illustrating the factors that might contribute to the achievement of the objective of real convergence within the European Union. Keywords: real convergence, European Union, New Member States, β-convergence, σ-convergence.

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