scholarly journals A regional perspective on the spatial concentration in Romania’s international trade in 2011

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ancuta Stangaciu
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Spatial Concentration ◽  
Coverage Ratio ◽  
Development Region ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
Import Trade

In this study, I aimed at analyzing the territorial structure of the international trade in Romania in 2011 on the level of each development region. Starting from the values of the export and import trade flows pertaining to each region of Romania and using statistical methods of analysis, we processed the existing data in order to determine the distribution of foreign trade and to emphasize the regional poles of competitiveness from this point of view. Since other indexes, such as the trade balance or the import/export coverage ratio, are also marks of competitiveness and of the increase or decrease in the performance of a certain economy, we also calculated these indexes for each region of the country. In order to statistically substantiate the existence of a certain degree of spatial concentration of the Romanian international trade in different regions of the country, we resorted to the boxplot graphical representation and to the Gini square and the Gini index respectively.

scholarly journals Romania's foreign trade in 2008 - a territorial statistical analysis

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ancuta Stangaciu
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
County Level ◽  
Methods Of Analysis ◽  
Territorial Structure

In this study, I proposed to analyze the territorial structure at county level, of the Romanian international trade both overall and by the sections of the Combined Nomenclature. Starting with the values of export and imports trade flows related to each county in Romania and using statistical methods of analysis, I determineted the spatial distribution of foreign trade reveal that county poles of competitiveness in this regard. Whereas the trade balance or indicators such as coverage of imports by exports is proof that the increase or decrease the competitiveness of an economy's performance, I calculated also for each county these indicators.

scholarly journals Analysis of export and import structures using network methods (on the example of the agricultural market)

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-454
Author(s):  
Svetlana Lapinova ◽  
◽  
Alena Anikina ◽  
Alexander Osharin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
Sales Agents ◽  
Import Trade

Analysis of trade cooperation between countries and identification of the most significant market participants is of great importance, both theoretically and empirically. The global trading community forms a network of international relations defined by trade contracts in various industries. Export-import trade flows are one of the key indicators of the level of cooperation among countries and the state of the global economy. The high intensity of such contacts across groups of countries suggests the existence of clusters in this market segment,consisting of central players — exporters and importers, who often define rules for other participants.Understanding the existence and identification of such a center helps to develop an optimal international trade strategy. The purpose of this contribution is to identify factors affecting trade flows among different countries. Statistical analysis of the international trade relations does not always reveal all the essential aspects of cooperation. This paper combines the methods of graph theory and econometric analysis to study the parameters of trade flows among countries. The parameters used in the network analysis make it possible to obtain additional characteristics of market participants, which help to evaluate their significance in the world trade. The paper also identifies some key mathematical and economic characteristics of export-import flows connecting destination countries. We have analyzed the directions of changes in world trade and established correspondences between metric characteristics of graph vertices and parameters of world trade models. The Russian indicators in export/import categories and its largest sales agents are estimated. The identification of the key intermediaries and importers (centers and authorities) on each of the markets in question has been carried out. As an example for this identification the market of agricultural products among the world’s largest exporters and importers of the product were used.

scholarly journals Relaxing the import proportionality assumption in multi-regional input-output modelling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Schulte ◽  
Arthur Jakobs ◽  
Stefan Pauliuk
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Final Demand ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Environmental Footprints

Abstract In the absence of data on the destination industry of international trade flows most multi-regional input-output (MRIO) tables are based on the import proportionality assumption. Under this assumption imported commodities are proportionally distributed over the target sectors (individual industries and final demand categories) of an importing region. Here, we quantify the uncertainty arising from the import proportionality assumption on the four major environmental footprints of the different regions and industries represented in the MRIO database EXIOBASE. We randomise the global import flows by applying an algorithm that randomly assigns imported commodities block-wise to the target sectors of an importing region, while maintaining the trade balance. We find the variability of the national footprints in general below a coefficient of variation (CV) of 4\%, except for the material, water and land footprints of highly trade-dependent and small economies. At the industry level the variability is higher with 25\% of the footprints having a CV above 10\% (carbon footprint), and above 30\% (land, material and water footprint), respectively, with maximum CVs up to 394\%. We provide a list of the variability of the national and industry environmental footprints in the online SI so that MRIO scholars can check if a industry/region that is important in their study ranks high, so that either the database can be improved through adding more details on bilateral trade, or the uncertainty can be calculated and reported.

scholarly journals Relaxing the import proportionality assumption in multi-regional input–output modelling

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Schulte ◽  
Arthur Jakobs ◽  
Stefan Pauliuk
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Final Demand ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Environmental Footprints

AbstractIn the absence of data on the destination industry of international trade flows most multi-regional input–output (MRIO) tables are based on the import proportionality assumption. Under this assumption imported commodities are proportionally distributed over the target sectors (individual industries and final demand categories) of an importing region. Here, we quantify the uncertainty arising from the import proportionality assumption on the four major environmental footprints of the different regions and industries represented in the MRIO database EXIOBASE. We randomise the global import flows by applying an algorithm that randomly assigns imported commodities block-wise to the target sectors of an importing region, while maintaining the trade balance. We find the variability of the national footprints in general below a coefficient of variation (CV) of 4%, except for the material, water and land footprints of highly trade-dependent and small economies. At the industry level the variability is higher with 25% of the footprints having a CV above 10% (carbon footprint), and above 30% (land, material and water footprint), respectively, with maximum CVs up to 394%. We provide a list of the variability of the national and industry environmental footprints in the Additional files so that MRIO scholars can check if an industry/region that is important in their study ranks high, so that either the database can be improved through adding more details on bilateral trade, or the uncertainty can be calculated and reported.

Long-run Tendencies in Foreign Trade: With a Statistical Study of French Trade Structure 1871–1939

1971 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 804-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Sylvain Weiller
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Statistical Study ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Complete Disruption ◽  
The One ◽  
Structural Point

Economists who have studied the evolution of trade transactions between the two world wars have often stressed the existence of an obvious paradox: despite the disturbances brought about by the war period, the territorial changes, the monetary difficulties and the crises, international trade as a whole and particularly from a structural point of view, had a tendency, after a few years of complete disruption, to return to a pre-war pattern of evolution. Trade flows were returning to a distribution very similar to the one prevailing in 1913, and changes were occurring in the same direction as those of the 1896–1913 period. Certain countries endured great difficulties in the readaptation process, especially the United Kingdom, whose “structural crises” have often been cited. But the very changes that were sources of anxiety for English rulers were less a result of the transformation or the acceleration of pre-war tendencies than of their continuity.

Trade and Spatial Growth

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-111
Author(s):  
Sirimal Abeyratne ◽  
N. S. Cooray
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Spatial Concentration ◽  
Trade Theory ◽  
Missing Link ◽  
Spatial Growth

Comparative advantage is based on ‘locational factors’ so that trade leads to growth and its spatial concentration. Until recently, the nexus between trade and spatial growth received little space within trade analyses though it did not appear to be a missing link in initial contributions to trade theory. The reshaping of the global economy with greater integration has called for analyses of trade and spatial growth. This article examines theoretical premises of the link between international trade and spatial growth, and the implications of reshaping of the global economy for the study of spatial growth within trade theory.

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