scholarly journals Romania's foreign trade in 2008 - a territorial statistical analysis

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ancuta Stangaciu
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
County Level ◽  
Methods Of Analysis ◽  
Territorial Structure

In this study, I proposed to analyze the territorial structure at county level, of the Romanian international trade both overall and by the sections of the Combined Nomenclature. Starting with the values of export and imports trade flows related to each county in Romania and using statistical methods of analysis, I determineted the spatial distribution of foreign trade reveal that county poles of competitiveness in this regard. Whereas the trade balance or indicators such as coverage of imports by exports is proof that the increase or decrease the competitiveness of an economy's performance, I calculated also for each county these indicators.

scholarly journals A regional perspective on the spatial concentration in Romania’s international trade in 2011

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ancuta Stangaciu
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Spatial Concentration ◽  
Coverage Ratio ◽  
Development Region ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
Import Trade

In this study, I aimed at analyzing the territorial structure of the international trade in Romania in 2011 on the level of each development region. Starting from the values of the export and import trade flows pertaining to each region of Romania and using statistical methods of analysis, we processed the existing data in order to determine the distribution of foreign trade and to emphasize the regional poles of competitiveness from this point of view. Since other indexes, such as the trade balance or the import/export coverage ratio, are also marks of competitiveness and of the increase or decrease in the performance of a certain economy, we also calculated these indexes for each region of the country. In order to statistically substantiate the existence of a certain degree of spatial concentration of the Romanian international trade in different regions of the country, we resorted to the boxplot graphical representation and to the Gini square and the Gini index respectively.

scholarly journals Romania’s foreign trade with the European Union in 2008

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ancuta Stangaciu
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Trade Partners ◽  
Statistical Analysis Methods

In this study, I proposed to analyze the spatial concentration of international trade flows between Romania and the European Union both overall and by the sections of the Combined Nomenclature. Using statistical analysis methods such as square and Gini’s index or Onicescu informational energy, I concluded that Romania’s main trade partners are Italy, Germany and France and trade relations with these 3 countries are characterized by exchanges of good to cover, generally a wide range of products.

scholarly journals Covid-19 pandemic and Foreign Trade: A Comparative Analysis in Indian Context

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 3334-3340
Author(s):  
Devasish Hazarika
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Trade Surplus ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Merchandise Trade

Covid-19 and lockdown as its preventive measure hit Indian Economy at a worst time. The trade performances prior to the pandemic was not satisfactory and held a decreasing trend in terms of the previous periods. In this paper an honest attempt has been made to analyse international trade as an Engine of Economic Growth, that is, its importance or significance in Economic Growth processes as well as to assess the comparative trend in international trade before and after the pandemic situation. This paper is based on secondary data. The paper is essentially a descriptive and analytical in nature. Statistical tools like graph, table etc are used for better understanding. The foreign trade is found to be diminishing in its share while analysing the data of last 10 years prior to the pandemic and nationwide lockdown. The merchandise trade surplus in June 2020 was estimated at USD 0.79 billion as against deficit of USD 15.28 billion in June, 2019. The trade balance for service is estimated at USD 6.83 on 15th July,2020. India recorded first trade surplus since January, 2002.

scholarly journals A Review of India’s Foreign Trade with reference to Post RBI Road MAP 2005 and Financing by Foreign Banks (FB) during the period 2003 -2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok Vasant Edurkar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Physical Distance ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Foreign Banks ◽  
Purchase Order ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Credit Financing ◽  
High Level

<em>Transactions related to global trade flows have significantly improved at present, on account of the internationalization and highly developed e-commerce. Exports and imports opportunities have substantially increased so also risk associated with international trade has reached a high level. Along with issues related to languages used for communication involved in international marketing, drafting of letter of intent / purchase order, drafting of letter of credit, financing during execution of purchase order, pre and post shipment inspection and finally negotiation of bank documents for collection of payments, the international trade was always been quite risky. This risk is because of the fact that exporters and importers are from different countries, separated not only by physical distance but by socio political conditions. Actual trade flows determines quantum of foreign trade. Foreign trade divided by GDP is a good measure of improvement or growth in foreign trade. (Harrison 1996). There is a positive relationship between Foreign Trade well supported by domestic as well as foreign banks and economic growth (Edwards 1992).Mixed results are obtained during the study related to explanation of the causal relationship between the degree of openness of the economy and economic growth. This paper takes a review of India’s Foreign Trade with reference to post RBI Road Map 2005 and financing by Foreign Banks (FB) during the period 2003-2013.</em>

scholarly journals Relaxing the import proportionality assumption in multi-regional input-output modelling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Schulte ◽  
Arthur Jakobs ◽  
Stefan Pauliuk
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Final Demand ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Environmental Footprints

Abstract In the absence of data on the destination industry of international trade flows most multi-regional input-output (MRIO) tables are based on the import proportionality assumption. Under this assumption imported commodities are proportionally distributed over the target sectors (individual industries and final demand categories) of an importing region. Here, we quantify the uncertainty arising from the import proportionality assumption on the four major environmental footprints of the different regions and industries represented in the MRIO database EXIOBASE. We randomise the global import flows by applying an algorithm that randomly assigns imported commodities block-wise to the target sectors of an importing region, while maintaining the trade balance. We find the variability of the national footprints in general below a coefficient of variation (CV) of 4\%, except for the material, water and land footprints of highly trade-dependent and small economies. At the industry level the variability is higher with 25\% of the footprints having a CV above 10\% (carbon footprint), and above 30\% (land, material and water footprint), respectively, with maximum CVs up to 394\%. We provide a list of the variability of the national and industry environmental footprints in the online SI so that MRIO scholars can check if a industry/region that is important in their study ranks high, so that either the database can be improved through adding more details on bilateral trade, or the uncertainty can be calculated and reported.

(Modeling the Spatial Distribution of Russian Foreign Trade Flows, Taking into Account the Real Costs of Transport)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Gordeev ◽  
Georgy Idrisov ◽  
Vittoria Idrisova ◽  
Andrey Kaukin
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Costs

scholarly journals Relaxing the import proportionality assumption in multi-regional input–output modelling

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Schulte ◽  
Arthur Jakobs ◽  
Stefan Pauliuk
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Final Demand ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Environmental Footprints

AbstractIn the absence of data on the destination industry of international trade flows most multi-regional input–output (MRIO) tables are based on the import proportionality assumption. Under this assumption imported commodities are proportionally distributed over the target sectors (individual industries and final demand categories) of an importing region. Here, we quantify the uncertainty arising from the import proportionality assumption on the four major environmental footprints of the different regions and industries represented in the MRIO database EXIOBASE. We randomise the global import flows by applying an algorithm that randomly assigns imported commodities block-wise to the target sectors of an importing region, while maintaining the trade balance. We find the variability of the national footprints in general below a coefficient of variation (CV) of 4%, except for the material, water and land footprints of highly trade-dependent and small economies. At the industry level the variability is higher with 25% of the footprints having a CV above 10% (carbon footprint), and above 30% (land, material and water footprint), respectively, with maximum CVs up to 394%. We provide a list of the variability of the national and industry environmental footprints in the Additional files so that MRIO scholars can check if an industry/region that is important in their study ranks high, so that either the database can be improved through adding more details on bilateral trade, or the uncertainty can be calculated and reported.

Impact on World Politics and Economy

2019 ◽  
pp. 93-106
Author(s):  
Anastassia V. Obydenkova ◽  
Alexander Libman
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Political Development ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Political Regimes ◽  
Member States ◽  
Political Impact ◽  
Migration Flows

This chapter studies the different impacts of DROs and NDROs on economic and political development, finding that NDROs are less successful than DROs at liberalizing foreign trade among member states. The chapter focus on actual trade ties and trade flows is in line with the existing literature. In terms of the impact on migration, NDROs exhibit larger within-region migration flows than DROs (with some caveats concerning the statistical analysis). To consider impact of NDRO on political regimes, the chapter looks at whether membership in an NDRO affects the duration of tenure of authoritarian leaders. The analysis shows that the tenure of leaders of NDRO member states was significantly longer than that of leaders whose countries did not belong to an NDRO. The findings indicate that membership of an NDRO has a significant political impact; in the subsequent case studies we trace the particular mechanisms explaining this effect.

scholarly journals Direction and Problems of Foreign Trade in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
Shashikala Sharma
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Trade Expansion ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The World

 Foreign trade or international trade is the transaction of goods and services between two or more countries. It plays a vital role in developing the economy of a country. The purpose of this study was to identify the direction and problems of foreign trade in Nepal, and to find out the possibilities of foreign trade expansion of the period from fiscal year 2011/12 to 2018/19. The study used quantitative data collected from secondary sources consulting physical library and internet. It was found in the study that most of the foreign trade of Nepal is directed to India. It was also found that there was deficit trade balance as there was decreasing export and increasing imports. As a result, the trade balance is negative and growing every year. Further, the foreign trade in Nepal is highly dependent with India which needs to be diversified to rest of the world.

scholarly journals Comparative advantages of Bulgarian production and exports

2018 ◽  
pp. 22-39
Author(s):  
Vera Pirimova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Methods Of Analysis ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis

The present study focuses on the analysis of the competitiveness and the comparative advantages of Bulgarian production and exports. It is structured in two parts. The first part summarizes the positions of Bulgaria in the index of global competitiveness and the more important criteria related to foreign trade. In the second part some theoretical concepts for comparative competitive advantages are systematized. Out of them the indices of B. Belasa and M. Amir have been chosen and calculated and on this basis the conclusions about the comparative advantages and disadvantages of the Bulgarian production and export of certain commodities and commodity groups, manifested in 2012-2016, are drawn. Stepping on these conclusions the possibilities for expanding or restricting the export of specific commodity groups and for increasing the competitiveness of the Bulgarian economy are systematized. In this research mathematical and statistical methods are applied, mostly the index method, along with methods of analysis and synthesis.

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