scholarly journals Overview of potential drugs for the treatment of new coronavirus Infection (COVID-19)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 74-86
Author(s):  
Ya. E. Shirobokov ◽  
E. P. Gladunova ◽  
E. A. Borodulina ◽  
A. E. Sukhanova
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
High Quality Evidence ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Approved Drugs

The new coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2), better known as COVID-19, quickly evolved into a worldwide pandemic with a significant public health burden. Currently, there are no approved drugs or preventive therapeutic strategies to combat infection. Decisions about prescribing many medications are made based on the results obtained in in vitro studies, or expert opinions. Most of the drugs currently used to treat COVID-19 are approved antivirals or antibodies against other diseases. However, there are hundreds of clinical studies underway around the world to discover effective treatments for COVID-19. This article summarizes the results of clinical studies of potential therapeutic drugs used as COVID-19 therapy. Based on this review, it can be concluded that there is still no high-quality evidence to support any of the drugs described below. Until the unambiguous results of randomized controlled trials are available, the use of any of the following drugs is not clinically proven as an effective treatment for COVID-19.

scholarly journals Polyamine Depletion Abrogates Enterovirus Cellular Attachment

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Kicmal ◽  
Patrick M. Tate ◽  
Courtney N. Dial ◽  
Jeremy J. Esin ◽  
Bryan C. Mounce
Keyword(s):  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Coxsackievirus B3 ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Polyamine Biosynthesis ◽  
Virus Attachment ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Approved Drugs

ABSTRACT Polyamines are small polycationic molecules with flexible carbon chains that are found in all eukaryotic cells. Polyamines are involved in the regulation of many host processes and have been shown to be implicated in viral replication. Depletion of polyamine pools in cells treated with FDA-approved drugs restricts replication of diverse RNA viruses. Viruses can exploit host polyamines to facilitate nucleic acid packaging, transcription, and translation, but other mechanisms remain largely unknown. Picornaviruses, including Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), are sensitive to the depletion of polyamines and remain a significant public health threat. We employed CVB3 as a model system to investigate a potential proviral role for polyamines using a forward screen. Passaging CVB3 in polyamine-depleted cells generated a mutation in capsid protein VP3 at residue 234. We show that this mutation confers resistance to polyamine depletion. Through attachment assays, we demonstrate that polyamine depletion limits CVB3 attachment to susceptible cells, which is rescued by incubating virus with polyamines. Furthermore, the capsid mutant rescues this inhibition in polyamine-depleted cells. More divergent viruses also exhibited reduced attachment to polyamine-depleted cells, suggesting that polyamines may facilitate attachment of diverse RNA viruses. These studies inform additional mechanisms of action for polyamine-depleting pharmaceuticals, with implications for potential antiviral therapies. IMPORTANCE Enteroviruses are significant human pathogens that can cause severe disease. These viruses rely on polyamines, small positively charged molecules, for robust replication, and polyamine depletion limits infection in vitro and in vivo. The mechanisms by which polyamines enhance enteroviral replication are unknown. Here, we describe how Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) utilizes polyamines to attach to susceptible cells and initiate infection. Using a forward genetic screen, we identified a mutation in a receptor-binding amino acid that promotes infection of polyamine-depleted cells. These data suggest that pharmacologically inhibiting polyamine biosynthesis may combat virus infection by preventing virus attachment to susceptible cells.

scholarly journals A Review on Plant Bioactive Compounds and Their Modes of Action Against Coronavirus Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juwairiah Remali ◽  
Wan Mohd Aizat
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Viral Attachment ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Herbal Medicinal

The rapid outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has demonstrated the need for development of new vaccine candidates and therapeutic drugs to fight against the underlying virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Currently, no antiviral treatment is available to treat COVID-19 as treatment is mostly directed to only relieving the symptoms. Retrospectively, herbal medicinal plants have been used for thousands of years as a medicinal alternative including for the treatment of various viral illnesses. However, a comprehensive description using various medicinal plants in treating coronavirus infection has not to date been described adequately, especially their modes of action. Most other reports and reviews have also only focused on selected ethnobotanical herbs such as Traditional Chinese Medicine, yet more plants can be considered to enrich the source of the anti-viral compounds. In this review, we have screened and identified potential herbal medicinal plants as anti-coronavirus medication across major literature databases without being limited to any regions or ethnobotanic criteria. As such we have successfully gathered experimentally validated in vivo, in vitro, or in silico findings of more than 30 plants in which these plant extracts or their related compounds, such as those of Artemisia annua L., Houttuynia cordata Thunb., and Sambucus formosana Nakai, are described through their respective modes of action against specific mechanisms or pathways during the viral infection. This includes inhibition of viral attachment and penetration, inhibition of viral RNA and protein synthesis, inhibition of viral key proteins such as 3-chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease (3CLpro) and papain-like protease 2 (PLpro), as well as other mechanisms including inhibition of the viral release and enhanced host immunity. We hope this compilation will help researchers and clinicians to identify the source of appropriate anti-viral drugs from plants in combating COVID-19 and, ultimately, save millions of affected human lives.

Treatment changes of coronavirus infection disease (SARS-COV-2). What general practitioner should know? Part 1

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Elena V. Frolova
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
General Practitioner ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Infection Disease ◽  
Treatment Changes ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

The article presents an overview of methods of treatment of coronavirus infection based on available data from recent clinical studies and methodological recommendations. Drugs recommended as etiotropic therapy are considered. Data from clinical trials and expert opinions are analyzed.

scholarly journals COVID-19 TEDAVİSİNE YÖNELİK GÜNCEL FARMAKOLOJİK YAKLAŞIMLAR

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezgi Eroğlu ◽  
Hakan Balcı ◽  
Veysel Baskın ◽  
Zuhal Aktuna
Keyword(s):  
Specific Treatment ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Wholesale Market ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Outbreak ◽  
Almost All

The current outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) occurred in the wholesale market in Wuhan, China in the last months of 2019 and spread to almost all countries in the world. Although there is currently no specific treatment for COVID-19, certain agents are used worldwide, based on in vitro, in vivo studies, and randomized controlled trials. In this review, brief information about these drugs used for the treatment of COVID-19, the results of the conducted studies and the possible adverse effects of the drugs are summarized. We hope that this review will provide an impression of the most current therapeutic drugs used to prevent, control and treat COVID-19 patients until the approval of vaccines and specific drugs targeting SARS-CoV-2. Key Words: COVID-19, SARS CoV-2, pharmacotherapeutics

Treatment changes of coronavirus infection disease (COVID-19). What general practitioner should know? Part 2

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Elena V. Frolova
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
General Practitioner ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Pathogenetic Therapy ◽  
Infection Disease ◽  
Treatment Changes ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

The article presents an overview of methods of treatment of coronavirus infection based on available data from recent clinical studies and methodological recommendations. Drugs recommended as pathogenetic therapy are considered. Data from clinical trials and expert opinions are analyzed.

scholarly journals Identifying FDA-approved drugs with multimodal properties against COVID-19 using a data-driven approach and a lung organoid model of SARS-CoV-2 entry

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo R. R. Duarte ◽  
Dennis C. Copertino ◽  
Luis P. Iñiguez ◽  
Jez L. Marston ◽  
Yaron Bram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Data Driven Approach ◽  
Approved Drugs ◽  
Fda Approved Drugs

Abstract Background Vaccination programs have been launched worldwide to halt the spread of COVID-19. However, the identification of existing, safe compounds with combined treatment and prophylactic properties would be beneficial to individuals who are waiting to be vaccinated, particularly in less economically developed countries, where vaccine availability may be initially limited. Methods We used a data-driven approach, combining results from the screening of a large transcriptomic database (L1000) and molecular docking analyses, with in vitro tests using a lung organoid model of SARS-CoV-2 entry, to identify drugs with putative multimodal properties against COVID-19. Results Out of thousands of FDA-approved drugs considered, we observed that atorvastatin was the most promising candidate, as its effects negatively correlated with the transcriptional changes associated with infection. Atorvastatin was further predicted to bind to SARS-CoV-2’s main protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and was shown to inhibit viral entry in our lung organoid model. Conclusions Small clinical studies reported that general statin use, and specifically, atorvastatin use, are associated with protective effects against COVID-19. Our study corroborrates these findings and supports the investigation of atorvastatin in larger clinical studies. Ultimately, our framework demonstrates one promising way to fast-track the identification of compounds for COVID-19, which could similarly be applied when tackling future pandemics.

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