Challenging Convictions: Indigenous and Black Race-Radical Feminists Theorizing the Carceral State and Abolitionist Praxis in the United States and Canada

Meridians ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Palacios
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Carceral State ◽  
Black Race

scholarly journals Prevalence of and Sociodemographic Disparities in Influenza Vaccination Among Adults With Diabetes in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Bhugra ◽  
Reed Mszar ◽  
Javier Valero-Elizondo ◽  
Gowtham R Grandhi ◽  
Salim S Virani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Medical Expenditure ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Black Race ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Abstract National estimates describing the overall prevalence of and disparities in influenza vaccination among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in United States are not well described. Therefore, we analyzed the prevalence of influenza vaccination among adults with DM, overall and by sociodemographic characteristics, using the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey database from 2008 to 2016. Associations between sociodemographic factors and lack of vaccination were examined using adjusted logistic regression. Among adults with DM, 36% lacked influenza vaccination. Independent predictors of lacking influenza vaccination included age 18 to 39 years (odds ratio [OR] 2.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.14-3.00), Black race/ethnicity (OR 1.29; 95% CI, 1.14-1.46), uninsured status (OR 1.88; 95% CI, 1.59-2.21), and no usual source of care (OR 1.61; 95% CI, 1.39-1.85). Nearly 64% individuals with ≥ 4 higher-risk sociodemographic characteristics lacked influenza vaccination (OR 3.50; 95% CI 2.79-4.39). One-third of adults with DM in the United States lack influenza vaccination, with younger age, Black race, and lower socioeconomic status serving as strong predictors. These findings highlight the continued need for focused public health interventions to increase vaccine coverage and utilization among disadvantaged communities.

Inequality and the Carceral State

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Gottschalk
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Mass Incarceration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Historical Institutionalism ◽  
Carceral State ◽  
Penal Policy ◽  
Cross National ◽  
The Welfare State

Some of the most promising work on mass incarceration, the retributive turn in penal policy, and growing inequalities in the United States employs a historical institutional lens. This work has illuminated the origins of the carceral state and the possibilities for dismantling it, the sources of interstate and cross-national variations in penal policy, and the role of race, gender, and the transformation of the welfare state in the construction of the carceral state. Going forward, illumination of pressing political problems like the carceral state will require that historical institutionalism retain or resurrect some of the qualities that originally made it so distinctive—even if that cuts against the grain of the wider discipline of political science.

scholarly journals Containing the Surplus Rebellion: Prison Strike/Prison Riot

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-203
Author(s):  
Alejo Stark
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Carceral State ◽  
Prison Riots ◽  
Resistance Movement

AbstractThe 2016 and 2018 wave of prison strikes in the United States presents itself as an extraordinary flashpoint of the prisoner resistance movement. But how might these events be understood in relation to what has been broadly characterized as an “age of riots”? Following Joshua Clover’s characterization of the contemporary riot in Riot. Strike. Riot. as a “surplus rebellion” of racialized “surplus populations” and given the characterization of the contemporary carceral state as a warehouse to contain such racialized populations, this essay characterizes the contemporary wave of prison riots accordingly as a “surplus rebellion.” More specifically, it focuses on the Kinross prison strike-riot that broke out in September 2016 in Michigan’s Kinross prison in order to derive some general parallels between the surplus rebellion and the singularity of recent prison strikes.

Images of Discipline

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-54
Author(s):  
Mary Angela Bock
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prison System ◽  
Criminal Punishment ◽  
Carceral State ◽  
Surveillance Cameras ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way

This chapter studies the way criminal punishment has been presented visually over time, starting with the last public hanging in the United States, then examining the way contemporary executions are visualized, and concluding with a discussion of the challenges journalists face in covering the prison system. The execution of Rainey Bethea in Owensboro, Kentucky, in 1936 was the last legally adjudicated hanging in the United States. An analysis of the resulting news narratives and discourse from Owensboro residents, when coupled with interviews from contemporary journalists who cover executions, suggests that while visual news practices are markedly different, the prevailing ideological constructs of law enforcement’s patriarchal legitimacy remain constant. Finally, while surveillance cameras and smartphones have offered new views into prison practices, the carceral state remains largely invisible in the news. The chapter ends with a normative discussion of journalism’s responsibilities to the audience, including people who are incarcerated.

Politics of Vision in the Carceral State: Legibility and Looking in Hostile Territory

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Hunt
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Visual Culture ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
The United States ◽  
Carceral State ◽  
Freedom Struggle ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
Multiple Discourses

As we begin to think about the United States as a carceral state, this means that the scale of incarceration practices have grown so great within it that they have a determining effect on the shape of the the society as a whole. In addition to the budgets, routines, and technologies used is the culture of that carceral state, where relationships form between elements of its culture and its politics. In terms of its visual culture, that relationship forms a visuality, a culture and politics of vision that both reflects the state’s carceral qualities and, in turn, helps to structure and organize the society in a carceral manner. Images, architecture, light, presentation and camouflage, surveillance, and the play of sight between groups of people and the world are all materials through which the ideas of a society are worked out, its politics played out, its technology implemented, its rationality or common sense and identities forming. They also shape the politics of freedom and control, where what might be a free, privileged expression to one person could be a dangerous exposure to another, where invisibility or inscrutability may be a resource. In this article, these questions are asked in relation to the history of prison architecture, from premodern times to the present, while considering the multiple discourses that overlap throughout that history: war, enslavement, civil punishment, and freedom struggle, but also a discourse of agency, where subordinated peoples can or cannot resist, or remain hostile to or in difference from the control placed upon them.

Survival outcomes for multiple myeloma over three decades: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 8019-8019 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Jawed ◽  
C. M. Lee ◽  
J. D. Tward ◽  
O. K. Macdonald ◽  
D. Martincic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Survival Outcomes ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Black Race ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
End Results

8019 Background: There is limited data regarding survival outcomes for multiple myeloma in the literature. The purpose of this study was to analyze how patient characteristics and decade of treatment affect overall survival (OS) and cause-specific survival (CSS) for patients within a large United States (US) population database. Methods: Data were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) of the US National Cancer Institute for the years 1973–2003. Patient characteristics (gender, race, age) and year of diagnosis were analyzed by multivariate Cox regression analysis for both OS and CSS endpoints. Results: 40,538 patients were included in the analysis. The mean age at diagnosis was 68.3 (median 69) years. Mean survival for the entire cohort was 41 (median 24) months. Females had better OS than males, hazard ratio (HR) 0.91 (CI 0.89–0.93, P = 0.0001), and CSS, HR 0.96 (CI 0.93–0.98, P = 0.004). There were no significant differences in OS between white and black race (P = 0.34), but black race was associated with improved CSS, HR 0.89 (CI 0.86–0.93, P = 0.0001). Younger age (age <40, 41–60, 61–70, and 71–80) was associated with improved OS and CSS (all P = 0.0001). Early treatment decade (1973–1985) was associated with diminished OS and CSS on multivariate analysis with HR 1.11 (CI 1.08–1.14, P = 0.0001) and HR 1.12 (CI 1.08–1.16, P = 0.001), respectively. Conclusions: This is the largest reported population analysis of survival outcomes for multiple myeloma. It covers three decades of care in the United States. This study reveals that improved OS and CSS are associated with younger age, female gender, and recent decade of treatment. We believe that survival improvement in recent treatment decades may be due to advances in supportive care and/or earlier diagnosis as the standard treatment for myeloma did not significantly change during this time period. Follow up studies may show dramatic improvements in survival outcomes due to modern myeloma therapies in this decade. No significant financial relationships to disclose. [Table: see text]

Racial disparities in prostate cancer outcome among prostate-specific antigen screening eligible populations in the United States.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 18-18
Author(s):  
Brandon Arvin Virgil Mahal ◽  
Yu-Wei Chen ◽  
Vinayak Muralidhar ◽  
Amandeep R. Mahal ◽  
Toni K. Choueiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
The United States ◽  
Black Race ◽  
Psa Screening ◽  
Cancer Outcome

18 Background: In 2012, the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommended against Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) screening, despite evidence that Black men are at a higher risk of prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM). We evaluated whether Black men of potentially screening-eligible age (55-69) are at a disproportionally high risk of poor outcomes. Methods: The SEER database was used to study 390,259 men diagnosed with prostate cancer in the United States between 2004-2011. Multivariable logistic regression modeled the association between Black race and stage of presentation, while Fine-Gray competing risks regression modeled the association between Black race and PCSM, both as a function of screening eligibility (age 55-69 vs not). Results: Black men were more likely to present with metastatic disease (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.65; 1.58-1.72; P< 0.001) and were at a higher risk of PCSM (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] 1.36; 1.27-1.46; P< 0.001) compared to Non-Black men. There were significant interactions between race and PSA-screening eligibility such that Black patients experienced more disproportionate rates of metastatic disease (AOR 1.76; 1.65-1.87 vs. 1.55; 1.47-1.65; Pinteraction< 0.001) and PCSM (AHR 1.53; 1.37-1.70 vs. 1.25; 1.14-1.37; Pinteraction= 0.01) in the potentially PSA-screening eligible group than in the group not eligible for screening. Conclusions: Racial disparities in prostate cancer outcome among Black men in are significantly worse in PSA-screening eligible populations. These results raise the possibility that Black men could be disproportionately impacted by recommendations to end PSA screening in the United States and suggest that Black race should inform clinical decisions on PSA screening.

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