On the Vitality of the Black Race, or the Coloured People in the United States, According to the Census

1864 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. lxv ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Reichenbach
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Black Race

scholarly journals Prevalence of and Sociodemographic Disparities in Influenza Vaccination Among Adults With Diabetes in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Bhugra ◽  
Reed Mszar ◽  
Javier Valero-Elizondo ◽  
Gowtham R Grandhi ◽  
Salim S Virani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Medical Expenditure ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Black Race ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Abstract National estimates describing the overall prevalence of and disparities in influenza vaccination among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in United States are not well described. Therefore, we analyzed the prevalence of influenza vaccination among adults with DM, overall and by sociodemographic characteristics, using the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey database from 2008 to 2016. Associations between sociodemographic factors and lack of vaccination were examined using adjusted logistic regression. Among adults with DM, 36% lacked influenza vaccination. Independent predictors of lacking influenza vaccination included age 18 to 39 years (odds ratio [OR] 2.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.14-3.00), Black race/ethnicity (OR 1.29; 95% CI, 1.14-1.46), uninsured status (OR 1.88; 95% CI, 1.59-2.21), and no usual source of care (OR 1.61; 95% CI, 1.39-1.85). Nearly 64% individuals with ≥ 4 higher-risk sociodemographic characteristics lacked influenza vaccination (OR 3.50; 95% CI 2.79-4.39). One-third of adults with DM in the United States lack influenza vaccination, with younger age, Black race, and lower socioeconomic status serving as strong predictors. These findings highlight the continued need for focused public health interventions to increase vaccine coverage and utilization among disadvantaged communities.

Survival outcomes for multiple myeloma over three decades: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 8019-8019 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Jawed ◽  
C. M. Lee ◽  
J. D. Tward ◽  
O. K. Macdonald ◽  
D. Martincic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Survival Outcomes ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Black Race ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
End Results

8019 Background: There is limited data regarding survival outcomes for multiple myeloma in the literature. The purpose of this study was to analyze how patient characteristics and decade of treatment affect overall survival (OS) and cause-specific survival (CSS) for patients within a large United States (US) population database. Methods: Data were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) of the US National Cancer Institute for the years 1973–2003. Patient characteristics (gender, race, age) and year of diagnosis were analyzed by multivariate Cox regression analysis for both OS and CSS endpoints. Results: 40,538 patients were included in the analysis. The mean age at diagnosis was 68.3 (median 69) years. Mean survival for the entire cohort was 41 (median 24) months. Females had better OS than males, hazard ratio (HR) 0.91 (CI 0.89–0.93, P = 0.0001), and CSS, HR 0.96 (CI 0.93–0.98, P = 0.004). There were no significant differences in OS between white and black race (P = 0.34), but black race was associated with improved CSS, HR 0.89 (CI 0.86–0.93, P = 0.0001). Younger age (age <40, 41–60, 61–70, and 71–80) was associated with improved OS and CSS (all P = 0.0001). Early treatment decade (1973–1985) was associated with diminished OS and CSS on multivariate analysis with HR 1.11 (CI 1.08–1.14, P = 0.0001) and HR 1.12 (CI 1.08–1.16, P = 0.001), respectively. Conclusions: This is the largest reported population analysis of survival outcomes for multiple myeloma. It covers three decades of care in the United States. This study reveals that improved OS and CSS are associated with younger age, female gender, and recent decade of treatment. We believe that survival improvement in recent treatment decades may be due to advances in supportive care and/or earlier diagnosis as the standard treatment for myeloma did not significantly change during this time period. Follow up studies may show dramatic improvements in survival outcomes due to modern myeloma therapies in this decade. No significant financial relationships to disclose. [Table: see text]

Racial disparities in prostate cancer outcome among prostate-specific antigen screening eligible populations in the United States.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 18-18
Author(s):  
Brandon Arvin Virgil Mahal ◽  
Yu-Wei Chen ◽  
Vinayak Muralidhar ◽  
Amandeep R. Mahal ◽  
Toni K. Choueiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
The United States ◽  
Black Race ◽  
Psa Screening ◽  
Cancer Outcome

18 Background: In 2012, the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommended against Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) screening, despite evidence that Black men are at a higher risk of prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM). We evaluated whether Black men of potentially screening-eligible age (55-69) are at a disproportionally high risk of poor outcomes. Methods: The SEER database was used to study 390,259 men diagnosed with prostate cancer in the United States between 2004-2011. Multivariable logistic regression modeled the association between Black race and stage of presentation, while Fine-Gray competing risks regression modeled the association between Black race and PCSM, both as a function of screening eligibility (age 55-69 vs not). Results: Black men were more likely to present with metastatic disease (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.65; 1.58-1.72; P< 0.001) and were at a higher risk of PCSM (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] 1.36; 1.27-1.46; P< 0.001) compared to Non-Black men. There were significant interactions between race and PSA-screening eligibility such that Black patients experienced more disproportionate rates of metastatic disease (AOR 1.76; 1.65-1.87 vs. 1.55; 1.47-1.65; Pinteraction< 0.001) and PCSM (AHR 1.53; 1.37-1.70 vs. 1.25; 1.14-1.37; Pinteraction= 0.01) in the potentially PSA-screening eligible group than in the group not eligible for screening. Conclusions: Racial disparities in prostate cancer outcome among Black men in are significantly worse in PSA-screening eligible populations. These results raise the possibility that Black men could be disproportionately impacted by recommendations to end PSA screening in the United States and suggest that Black race should inform clinical decisions on PSA screening.

scholarly journals Intentional self-harm associated mortality among U.S. White physicians, nurses, lawyers & judges

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-759
Author(s):  
Deepak Gupta ◽  
Sarwan Kumar ◽  
Shushovan Chakrabortty
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sample Sizes ◽  
White Race ◽  
Black Race ◽  
Occupational Mortality ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Mortality Surveillance

The mortality associated factors can be quantified in terms of proportionate mortality ratios (PMR) per National Occupational Mortality Surveillance (NOMS) data. Therefore, we explored NOMS data for the United States (U.S.) occupational workers’ mortality during 1999, 2003-2004, 2007-2014 to compare physicians’ mortality associated factors to the mortality associated factors among nurses vs. the mortality associated factors among lawyers & judges. Due to lack of adequate sample sizes of decedents being concurrently present among physicians, nurses, and lawyers & judges of Black race, we were able to tabulate 25 causes of death with significant PMRs among physicians, nurses, and lawyers & judges only of White race. Therein, intentional self harm associated mortality was found to be common among U.S. White physicians, nurses, lawyers & judges.

Factors Associated with Occurrence of Stillbirth before 32 Weeks of Gestation in a Contemporary Cohort

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth E. Brackett ◽  
Eric S. Hall ◽  
Emily A. DeFranco ◽  
Robert M. Rossi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
The United States ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Chronic Hypertension ◽  
Black Race ◽  
Factors Associated

Objective We sought to quantify the distribution of stillbirths by gestational age (GA) in a contemporary cohort and to determine identifiable risk factors associated with stillbirth prior to 32 weeks of gestation. Study Design Population-based case-control study of all stillbirths in the United States during the year 2014, utilizing vital statistics data, obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics. Distribution of stillbirths were stratified by 20 to 44 weeks of GA, in women diagnosed with stillbirth in the antepartum period. Pregnancy characteristics were compared between those diagnosed with stillbirth <32 versus ≥32 weeks of gestation. Multivariate logistic regression estimated the relative influence of various factors on the outcome of stillbirth prior to 32 weeks of gestation. Results There were 15,998 nonlaboring women diagnosed with stillbirth during 2014 in the United States between 20 and 44 weeks. Of them, 60.1% (n = 9,618) occurred before antenatal fetal surveillance (ANFS) is typically initiated (<32 weeks) and 39.9% (n = 6,380) were diagnosed at ≥32 weeks. Women with stillbirth prior to 32 weeks were more likely to be of non-Hispanic Black race (29.0 vs. 23.9%, p < 0.001), nulliparous (53.8 vs. 50.6%, p = 0.001), have chronic hypertension (CHTN; 6.0 vs. 4.3%, p < 0.001), and fetal growth restriction as evidenced by small for GA (SGA < 10th%) birth weight (44.8 vs. 42.1%, p < 0.001) as opposed to women with stillbirth after 32 weeks. After adjustment, SGA birth weight (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1–1.3), Black race (aOR = 1.2, 95% CI: 1.1–1.3), and CHTN (aOR = 1.3, 95% CI: 1.1–1.5) were associated with stillbirth prior to 32 weeks of gestation as opposed to stillbirth after 32 weeks. Conclusion More than 6 out of 10 stillbirths in this study occurred <32 weeks of gestation, before ANFS is typically initiated under American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommendations. Among identifiable risk factors, CHTN, Black race, and fetal growth restriction were associated with higher risk of stillbirth before 32 weeks of gestation. Earlier ANFS may be warranted at in certain “at risk” women. Key Points

Proportion of Retinopathy of Prematurity That Was Treated across Regions in the United States

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowena G. Cayabyab ◽  
Ashley Song ◽  
Rangasamy Ramanathan ◽  
Philippe Friedlich ◽  
Ashwini Lakshmanan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Black Race ◽  
Retrospective Data Analysis ◽  
Visual Problems ◽  
Inpatient Database

Abstract Objectives Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the leading preventable cause of blindness in children worldwide. Major eye and visual problems are strongly linked to ROP requiring treatment. Objectives of the study are to: (1) evaluate the trends and regional differences in the proportion of treated ROP, (2) describe risk factors, and (3) examine if treated ROP predicts mortality. Study Design Retrospective data analysis was conducted using the Kids' Inpatient Database from 1997 to 2012. ROP was categorized into treated ROP (requiring laser photocoagulation or surgical intervention) and nontreated ROP. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Results Out of 21,955,949 infants ≤ 12 months old, we identified 70,541 cases of ROP and 7,167 (10.2%) were treated. Over time, the proportion of treated ROP decreased (p = < 0.001). While extremely low birth weight infants cared for in the Midwest was associated with treated ROP (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 29.05; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.64–79.34), black race (aOR = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.51–0.64) care for in the birth hospital (aOR = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.41–0.48) was protective. Treated ROP was not associated with mortality. Conclusion The proportion of ROP that is surgically treated has decreased in the United States; however, there is variability among the different regions. Demographics and clinical practice may have contributed for this variability.

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