Rats Development of Contactless Thermal Detector for Animal: Comparison of Three Sensor Types

Methods are described for sampling and analysing rumen gases. The analysis requires less than 15 minutes for the determination of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulphide, i.e., for all gases occurring in the rumen. The method is sensitive and requires only a small quantity of sample, and the sample volume need not be known. The presence of water or other vapours in the sample does not influence the results. Relative thermal detector responses have been determined for gases which occur in the rumen. These eliminate the necessity for the calibration of gas chromatographs using thermal detection. The first complete analysis of rumen gas is presented.

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Comparison of Thermal Detector Arrays for Off-Axis THz Holography and Real-Time THz Imaging

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s16020221 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 221 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Erwin Hack ◽

Lorenzo Valzania ◽

Gregory Gäumann ◽

Mostafa Shalaby ◽

Christoph Hauri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Thz Imaging ◽

Thermal Detector ◽

Detector Arrays

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Thermal Detector Focal Plane Arrays

Infrared Detectors ◽

10.1201/b10319-28 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 702-736

Keyword(s):

Focal Plane ◽

Focal Plane Arrays ◽

Thermal Detector

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Innovative Techniques for X-ray Calorimetry

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100012574 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 115 ◽

pp. 357-360

Author(s):

S. Labov ◽

E. Silver ◽

D. Landis ◽

N. Madden ◽

F. Goulding ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Detection System ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Thermal Response ◽

Diagnostic Procedures ◽

Resolving Power ◽

Infrared Light ◽

Temperature Control System ◽

Thermal Detector ◽

X Ray ◽

Noise Characteristics

AbstractIn our x-ray calorimetry effort, we have developed several techniques which may be helpful to other groups working in this field. We are studying several different monolithic and composite calorimeter designs. In our readout configuration, the preamplifier circuit employs negative voltage feedback which allows us to accurately measure the temporal profile of the thermal pulse produced by an x-ray absorbed in a micro-calorimeter. Rise times of less than two microseconds have been observed in monolithic devices operating at .3 K. Furthermore, the feedback preamplifier can be configured for either positive or negative electro-thermal feedback. This preamplifier system is followed by an analog pulse shaping amplifier with a frequency response that can be adjusted to yield the maximum signal to noise ratio for a given thermal response of the calorimeter. In addition, we have developed several diagnostic procedures which have been useful in determining the operating and noise characteristics of our devices. These include an infrared light-emitting diode which flashes a discrete amount of energy on to the calorimeter, and a capacitively coupled test input to the preamplifier which allows us to directly determine the total noise in the thermal detection system. Finally, we are developing an adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator with a temperature control system that is designed to stabilize the 0.1 K cold stage to better than 8 μK. This is required for a resistive thermal detector with resolving power of 1000.

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Dual-Level Capacitive Micromachined Uncooled Thermal Detector

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s19245434 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (24) ◽

pp. 5434 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hani H. Tawfik ◽

Karim Allidina ◽

Frederic Nabki ◽

Mourad N. El-Gamal

Keyword(s):

Integrated Circuits ◽

Performance Comparison ◽

The Other ◽

Effective Length ◽

Capacitance Change ◽

Thermal Detector ◽

Trade Off ◽

Single Level ◽

Level Design ◽

Structural Layer

This paper presents a novel dual-level capacitive microcantilever-based thermal detector that is implemented in the commercial surface micromachined PolyMUMPs technology. The proposed design is implemented side-by-side with four different single-level designs to enable a design-to-design performance comparison. The dual-level design exhibits a rate of capacitance change per degree Celsius that is over three times higher than that of the single-level designs and has a base capacitance that is more than twice as large. These improvements are achieved because the dual-level architecture allows a 100% electrode-to-detector area, while single-level designs are shown to suffer from an inherent trade-off between sensitivity and base capacitance. In single-level designs, either the number of the bimorph beams or the capacitance electrode can be increased for a given sensor area. The former is needed for a longer effective length of the bimorph for higher thermomechanical sensitivity (i.e., larger tilting angels per degree Celsius), while the latter is desired to relax the read-out integrated-circuits requirements. This thermomechanical response-to-initial capacitance trade-off is mitigated by the dual-level design, which dedicates one structural layer to serve as the upper electrode of the detector, while the other layer contains as many bimorph beams as desired, independently of the former’s area.

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Rapid-flow enthalpimetric determination of urea in serum, with use of an immobilized urease reactor.

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/22.8.1314 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 22 (8) ◽

pp. 1314-1318 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

L D Bowers ◽

L M Canning ◽

C N Sayers ◽

P W Carr

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Measured Temperature ◽

Serum Urea ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Thermal Detector ◽

Temperature Changes ◽

Rapid Flow ◽

Diacetyl Monoxime ◽

Flow Stream

Abstract We used a differential thermal detector in conjunction with an immobilized urease reactor to determine urea in serum. Samples (120 mul) are introduced into a flow stream and passed through an "adiabatic" column, which is packed with enough insolubilized urease to completely convert urea to ammonia and carbon dioxide. Measured temperature changes are directly proportional to the serum urea concentration. Urea in the presence of protein, bilirubin, and hemoglobin can thus be rapidly, simply, and inexpensively measured. Results correlate well with those obtained by the manual diacetyl monoxime and urease/indophenol methods.

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