Environmental problems raise important issues of justice when these problems affect people’s health prospects in systematically uneven ways, when people contribute to the problems in substantially unequal ways, and when the people who are affected by the problems have not been empowered to participate meaningfully and equally in the decisions that affect their lives. This chapter shows how these aspects of justice are relevant to waste disposal, air pollution, climate change, ecological footprints, and other environmental problems. After discussing how issues of justice arise, the chapter explores the work of environmental justice: ways to articulate, guide, and justify judgments of justice; ways to articulate and foster forms of responsibility; and ways to change social institutions and individual conduct to respond more adequately to environmental injustices.