scholarly journals LONG-TERM CHANGES OF COPEPODA (CRUSTACEA) ABUNDANCE AND BIOMASS IN THE DANUBE AND ODESA REGIONS OF THE BLACK SEA AS INDICATOR OF WATER QUALITY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuliia Kharytonova ◽  
◽  
Vasil Dyadichko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Zooplankton Biomass ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Ecological State ◽  
Total Zooplankton ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Total Zooplankton Biomass

Copepoda are the most important zooplanktonic group constituting the primary food for fish larvae and some fishes. Copepoda have the longest life cycles among the Black Sea mesozooplankton, so their biomass and percentage of total zooplankton biomass is greatly reduced by eutrophication. The percentage of Copepoda from the total biomass of zooplankton is a reliable indicator of the ecological status of the water bodies. For the Black Sea marine waters the indicator of “good” ecological status (GES) is the average annual biomass of Copepoda, which exceeds 45% of the total biomass of zooplankton. Changes of total biomass of zooplankton, biomass of Copepoda, the abundance and biomass of dominant species – Oithona davisae Ferrari F. D. & Orsi, 1984, Acartia (Acartiura) clausi Giesbrecht, 1889 and A. (Acanthacartia) tonsa Dana, 1849 in the Danube and Odesa marine regions from 1970 to 2019 were analysed. Also the ecological quality class in the Nort-Western part of Black sea by Copepoda indicators from 2004 to 2017 were established according to Water Framework Directive US. The total zooplankton biomass had been decreasing in Ukrainian waters and % of Copepoda from total zooplankton biomass was increasing. These tendencies shown a positive change in the forage base of commercial planktophagous fishes and ecological class status of the investigated aquatories. The abundance and biomass of O. davisae, A. clausi and A. tonsa were decreased from 2016 to 2019. The highest values of their metrics were in 2016 and the lowest rates observed in 2019. O. davisae, A. clausi and A. tonsa were the main components of copepods number and biomass. The Acartia species formed higher part of Copepoda biomass than O. davisae. The ecological state was “good” (GES) only in Danube-Dnieper coastal waters and Danube delta in 2004–2017 where Copepoda formed more than 45 % of total zooplankton biomass. In waters of Northwester Black Sea bays, shallow and deepwater shelfs the ecological state was “Bad” (notGES), the part of Copepoda was lower than 45 %.

scholarly journals Seasonal variation in copepod abundance in relation to other zooplanktonic groups in the northwestern Mediterranean

1993 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana H.M. Kouwenberg
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Zooplankton Biomass ◽  
High Abundance ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Total Zooplankton ◽  
Copepod Abundance ◽  
Bottom Depth ◽  
Total Zooplankton Biomass ◽  
Northwestern Mediterranean

Abundance of adult copepods and late copepodid stages from the upper 50 m in the Golfe du Lion (N.W. Mediterranean) was studied by the author in 1986, 1987, and 1988 for each season. Altogether 87 stations at 22 fixed locations were sampled in the frame of the multidisciplinary French/Spanish programme Pélagolion/Leopel in the near-coastal region (≤ 25 m bottom depth), the Rhone dilution zone, the neritic region (≤ 200 m bottom depth), and the oceanic region (200–2000 m bottom depth). Abundance of other zooplanktonic groups was estimated and total zooplankton biomass was determined for the upper 50 m. Copepod abundance was highest during September 1986 (all regions) and July 1987 (neritic). Total biomass was highest during July 1987 and May/June 1988, caused by high abundance of many other zooplankters.

scholarly journals Current state and long-term changes in the mesozooplankton community of the Ukrainian and Georgian parts of the Black Sea as indicators of its ecological status

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
Y. V. Kharytonova ◽  
M. V. Nabokin ◽  
M. M. Mgeladze ◽  
P. A. Vadachkoria ◽  
V. G. Dyadichko
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
High Water ◽  
Zooplankton Biomass ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Mesozooplankton Community ◽  
Noctiluca Scintillans ◽  
Average Abundance

Water quality assessment is a key task of any measures in the field of water use, environmental management and protection. Thus, it is necessary to conduct systematic monitoring to assess the ecological state in the marine waters and to develop a strategy for its recovery. Anthropogenic impacts of various types leading to eutrophication and pollution of the Black Sea are changing the main characteristics of all components of the aquatic ecosystem. Zooplankton plays a key role in the pelagic food web. This article presents the results of the research on the state of zooplankton which was conducted during the Ukrainian-Georgian expedition in the framework of the international project “Emblas-plus” during 2016, 2017 and 2019. The ecological quality class of the investigated Black Sea waters was determined by the zooplankton integrated index (IZI). In Ukrainian waters in total, 49 taxa of zooplankton were registered. In 2017 taxonomic composition of zooplankton was more diverse (36 taxa in 2016, 35 in 2019). In Georgian waters in 2019, 40 taxa of mesozooplankton were registered, most of them are widespread forms in the Black Sea. The most diverse group is Crustacea (Cladocera and Copepoda).The most prevalent crustaceans were the eurythermic species, an important representative of forage zooplankton – Acartia (Acartiura) clausi Giesbrecht, 1889 and two thermophilic species of Calanoida – Acartia (Acanthacartia) tonsa Dana, 1849 and Centropages ponticus Karavaev, 1895. In Ukrainian waters average abundance and biomass of zooplankton in 2019 was similar to those in 2016 and much higher than in 2017. Dominant taxa and spatial distribution of zooplankton in 2019 were similar to those in 2016 and 2017. Average biomass of forage zooplankton in 2019 was approximately 10 times higher than in 2016 and 2017. In the Georgian coastal waters annual average abundance and biomass of mesozooplankton decreased, due to a sharp decline in the abundance of Noctiluca scintillans (Macartney) Kofoid & Swezy, 1921. It was found that at most of the stations the dominant role in the formation of zooplankton biomass was played by the organisms of forage zooplankton. By the IZI index, the subdivision Northwestern Black Sea Bays had “Good”, “Poor” and “Moderate” water quality in spring, summer and autumn respectively. The subdivision’s deepwater shelf and shallow shelf had “Bad” water quality. The subdivision Danube-Dnieper interfluve coastal waters had “High” water quality. The Danube Avandelta area had “High”, “Good” and “High” water quality in spring, summer and autumn respectively. The best ecological class status was in 2019 and the worst – in 2016. The main tendencies in changes in the mesozooplankton community in the Black Sea are decrease in the percentage of N. scintillans in the total zooplankton biomass and increase in the percentage of Copepoda. Those tendencies indicate decrease in the pressure of the negative eutrophication factor and show positive changes in the forage base of commercial planktophagous fish and the ecological status of the Black Sea waters.

scholarly journals Influence of net-cage fish farming on zooplankton biomass in the Itá reservoir, SC, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Roque Loureiro ◽  
Christina Wyss Castelo Branco ◽  
Evoy Zaniboni Filho
Keyword(s):  
Fish Farming ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Zooplankton Biomass ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Total Zooplankton ◽  
Net Cage ◽  
Uruguay River ◽  
Cage Fish ◽  
Total Zooplankton Biomass

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to verify the influence of net-cage fish farming on zooplankton biomass in the Itá reservoir (Uruguay River, Brazil). METHODS: Samples were collected monthly from October/2009 to May/2010 at the surface and at the bottom in two sampling stations, the net-cage area and in a control area using a Van Dorn bottle and a plankton net (68 µm). RESULTS: The Cladocera and Copepoda biomass was estimated by dry weight using a micro-analytical balance, and the Rotifera biomass by Biovolume. Total zooplankton biomass varied between 6.47 and 131.56 mgDW.m-3 Calanoida copepod presented the highest value of biomass (127.56 mgDW.m-3) and rotifers, despite having an important contribution to total density, showed a maximum biomass of 2.01 mgDW.m-3. Zooplankton biomass at the net-cage area surface was higher when compared with the control area during the months of October to January. However, the zooplankton biomass was similar at the bottom of the two areas throughout the studied period. From February until May, zooplankton biomass decreased in both sampling stations, a fact probably associated with the flushing of the reservoir, followed by an increase in water transparency and a decrease in chlorophyll-a concentration in the following months (February to May). CONCLUSIONS: The influence of fish farming on zooplankton biomass was detected at the surface of the net-cage area only from October to January. From February to May this influence was not found, probably by the influence of the flushing of the reservoir.

scholarly journals Fish larvae as food item of planktonic predator (Chaetognatha)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-96
Author(s):  
I. V. Vdodovich ◽  
P. S. Podrezova ◽  
T. N. Klimova
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Food Item ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
High Abundance ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Larvae And Juveniles ◽  
Food Competitor ◽  
First Time ◽  
Active Predator

Photos of predation of sagitta (Chaetognatha) to fish larvae are presented for the first time for the Black Sea. While analyzing ichthyoplankton samples obtained in May and November in 2017 (94ᵗʰ and 98ᵗʰ cruises of RV “Professor Vodyanitsky”) several sagittas were found with their guts containing fish larvae. Fish larvae seem to have been captured by sagittas in the same way as sagittas in cannibalism cases, with both folding in half at the spot of capture. The data obtained allow us to assume sagittas in conditions of high abundance of eggs and fish larvae in the plankton to be not only a food competitor of larvae and juveniles of fish, as a fodder plankton consumer, but an active predator, being able to play a significant role in the elimination of ichthyoplankton.

scholarly journals LEGAL ORGANIZATION OF SALES PORTS SAFETY MEASURES IN THE BLACK SEA REGION OF RUSSIA IN THE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 800-804
Author(s):  
Artur N. Sharmoiants ◽  
Ekaterina P. Klimenko ◽  
Boris V. Zmerzly ◽  
Ekaterina S. Ivashenko ◽  
Alina P. Nikitina
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Dialectical Approach ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Scientific System

Purpose: Based on the analysis of legal acts and work of other researchers, a historical and legal analysis of the security measures organization was done for trading ports of the Black Sea region of Russia in the 19th and early 20th centuries in this paper. Methodology: This study was based on a dialectical approach to studying the legal phenomena and processes by using general scientific (system, logical, analysis and synthesis) and private scientific methods. Result: The following main components of the legal organization of security measures that are complex in nature: quarantine service; customs; pilot organizations; and port controls. The quarantine and customs authorities included quarantine and, accordingly, border guards. The tasks faced by these bodies were of anti-epidemiological measures nature, i.e. the prevention and detection of offenses with an economic, social and political persuasion. Applications: This research can be used for businessmen and students in economy. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of sales ports safety measures in the black sea region of Russia in the 19th and early 20th centuries is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.

scholarly journals Benthic Diatom Composition in Coastal Zone of Black Sea, Sasyk Reservoir (Ukraine)

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 458
Author(s):  
Olena P. Bilous ◽  
Agata Z. Wojtal ◽  
Natalia O. Ivanova ◽  
Petro M. Tsarenko ◽  
Olga V. Burova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Benthic Diatoms ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Salinity Changes ◽  
The Status ◽  
Freshwater Reservoir ◽  
First Time

The Sasyk Reservoir is one of the largest seaside reservoirs in Ukraine, artificially maintained as a freshwater area including various floodplain areas. The Reservoir originated from an estuary to now being an almost freshwater reservoir. The diatoms (Bacillariophyta) in benthos were investigated for analyzing the coastal zone diversity of the Black Sea inside the borders of Ukraine. The indicated diatom composition was formed by 97 species (100 infraspecies taxa). Some rare marine and freshwater taxa were noted, as well as three species reported in Ukrainian territory for the first time (Navicula vandamii Schoeman et R.E.M. Archibald, Sellaphora difficillima (Hustedt) C.E. Wetzel, L. Ector et D.G. Mann, and Mastogloia laterostrata Hustedt). The bioindicative characteristics of the diatom composition testified to the freshwater condition of the reservoir. Changes to the salinity level of the Sasyk Reservoir were exposed due to the composition of benthic diatoms. The presence of mesohalobous species (7 taxa) acknowledges conditions that are typical for estuaries and mouths of rivers and reveals the salinity changes in the Sasyk Reservoir. Likewise, the prevailing number of oligohalobous diatoms (61 taxa) reveal presence of freshwater in the reservoir. The implementation of the Polish phytobenthos lake assessment method for the nearby Ukrainian Reservoir was conducted for the first time. The multimetric Diatom Index for lake values varied from 0.39 to 0.76, and revealed alterations in the status over the Sasyk sites, ranging from good, moderate, to poor. Thus, it may be concluded that the current ecological status relating to the composition of benthic diatoms of the reservoir located in the coastal zone of the Black Sea is evaluated as having a moderate status class with some exceptions.

Production of the Euphausiid Crustacean Thysanoëssa raschii in the Gulf of St. Lawrence

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Berkes
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Zooplankton Biomass ◽  
Total Zooplankton ◽  
Loss Of Weight ◽  
Annual Biomass ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Zooplankton Biomass ◽  
Population Numbers

From field data on growth and population numbers, production of Thysanoëssa raschii, excluding molts, was calculated to be about 1.8 mg dry wt∙m−3∙yr−1 in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The mean annual biomass of T. raschii was 0.47 mg dry wt∙m−3, comprising about 1% of the total zooplankton biomass in the Gulf, and giving a production to biomass (P:B) ratio of about 4. Production and biomass were probably underestimated due to some sampler avoidance, lack of egg to nauplius–metanauplius interval of population production and loss of weight due to leaching in preserved samples.

Zooplankton and Trophic State Relationships in Florida Lakes

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1813-1819 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Bays ◽  
T. L. Crisman
Keyword(s):  
Trophic State ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Zooplankton Biomass ◽  
Crustacean Zooplankton ◽  
Trophic State Index ◽  
Total Zooplankton ◽  
Eutrophic Lakes ◽  
Florida Lakes ◽  
Total Zooplankton Biomass

Zooplankton, including ciliated protozoans, were collected from 39 Florida lakes of widely ranging trophic state. Annual mean biomass values for different zooplankton groups were regressed against Carlson's Trophic State Index based on annual mean chlorophyll a concentration. Whereas total zooplankton biomass yielded a significant regression with increasing trophic state, microzooplankton (ciliates, rotifers, and nauplii) accounted for more of the relationship than macrozooplankton (cladocera, calanoids, and cyclopoids). Within the microzooplankton, the regression improved with decreasing body size. Macrozooplankton biomass exhibited a weak statistical relationship with lake trophic state, but the different component groups were variable in their response. The dominance within the zooplankton community shifts from macrozooplankton to microzooplankton with increasing trophic state, and the microzooplankton can constitute between 50 and 90% of the total zooplankton biomass in eutrophic lakes. Changes in zooplanktivore community structure with increasing trophic state show that whereas total fish biomass increases, dominance shifts from visually oriented predators, such as bass and bluegill, to pump filter-feeding planktivores, such as gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum). While Florida zooplankton communities are similar in size structure to tropical communities, no statistically significant differences were found between empirical equations of crustacean zooplankton biomass and trophic state determined from temperate and Florida data bases.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of Pollution by Some Persistent Organic Pollutants of the Marine Environment of the Northwestern Part of the Black Sea

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Ecological State

Purpose. The study is aimed at estimation of marine pollution in the northwestern part of the Black Sea by some persistent organic pollutants (POPs), in particular polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB). Methods. Peculiarities of marine pollution were determined on the basis of research conducted at the Ukrainian Scientific Center of Ecology of the Sea (UkrSCES). The content of PCBs and HCB was determined on a gas chromatograph Agilent 7890B with a capillary column and an electronic capture detector using the methods of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA-3545A, 3630C, 8081, 8082A, 8275A). The ecological state of the marine environment was determined using developed in UkrSCES the “Ecological standards of marine environment quality”, which allow us to assess the quality status of such components of the marine environment (sea water, bottom sediments and biota). Results. The methodology of environmental standards has been adapted to assess the pollution of the marine environment of POPs. The ecological state of sea water and bottom sediments of the northwestern part of the Black Sea is determined according to the established values of Maximum Concentration Limit (MCL) and Ecological Standards (ES). The ecological state of marine biota was assessed by HCB pollution according to the established Ecological Standard. The European analogue of MCL (MAC-EQS) for industrial marine organisms was used to assess the ecological state of marine organisms for PCBs pollution (but it should be noted that the assessment was performed only for non-dioxin-like PCBs. Standard for the content of PCBs in marine organisms, in particular, – of industrial importance, must be implemented in Ukraine at the legislative level. For integral assessment of the ecological state of the marine environment and the specifics of POPs pollution in the northwestern part of the Black Sea, it is necessary to introduce a comprehensive monitoring system that would analyze marine pollution by all POPs required by the Stockholm Convention. Conclusions. The ecological state of the sea water of the northwestern part of the Black Sea by POPs pollution in most cases corresponds to the category "very good". The state of marine biota in most cases corresponds to the quality classes "good" and "very good", but in Ukraine there are no clear standards that would regulate the content of PCBs in marine biota, in particular – for industrial important species of marine organisms. The ecological condition of bottom sediments is mainly classified as "satisfactory" and "poor", which under certain natural conditions can be a source of secondary pollution of sea water and biota. For integral assessment of the ecological state, it is necessary to take into account all POPs, which can significantly change the results of the assessment of the quality of the marine environment of the northwestern part of the Black Sea.

scholarly journals History and prospects of research of the Black Sea estuaries

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-75
Author(s):  
V.O. YEMELIANOV ◽  
T.B. KULAHA
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Water Area ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Specific System ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Individual

Black Sea estuaries are phenomenon of geological nature and are not only an important component of the Black Sea geoecosystem, but also they are important component of local and regional ecological, socioeconomic systems of the coastal territory of Ukraine. Affecting the livelihoods and wellbeing of the population of these systems, estuaries from ancient times have attracted the attention of researchers. Unfortunately, the ecological status of these reservoirs has been worsening over the last decades because of the complex of reasons that require comprehensive study, analysis, development and implementation of a specific system of action, which cannot be realized without knowing at least the major milestones in the history of the research of these unique formations. Based on the published materials, information on the history of studies of estuaries of the northwestern Black Sea coast has been systematized. The history of the research has been reproduced in chronological order for the largest estuaries of the Black Sea, taking into account the current level of their study and identifying the main problems regarding their ecological status. The article gives a brief description of the current conditions and status of the largest Black Sea estuaries and some facts from the history of their research. In order to preserve the natural value of estuaries for their further research and rational use, the authors propose to use the methodology, the basic component of which is the geoecosystem paradigm, and henceforth study each estuary as a complete geoecological system taking into account all its components (subsystems), elements and conditions, which affect the formation and functioning of all components and the system as a whole. Geoecosystem paradigm together with a certain ecological and economic approach will allow to study in detail the geoecological conditions of water area of estuaries and adjacent territories, to evaluate their geoecological systems in terms of the prospects for their provision of certain services to the individual and / or society. Geoecosystem paradigm also allows to draw conclusions on optimizing the use of resources of these estuaries.

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