Comparison Between Procalcitonin and Traditional Blood Biomarkers in Diagnosis of Sepsis in Iraqi Wounded Soldiers

2018 ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Meroj A. Jasem ◽  
Alia E. Mahmood ◽  
Ayser I. Mahmood ◽  
Mahmood M. Mustafa ◽  
Khalid M. Farhood
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Blood Biomarkers ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Early Biomarker

      Early diagnosis of sepsis is a very critical matter especially for soldiers in battle field; on the other hand, Procalcitonin is a new promising biomarker for fast and accurate diagnosis of sepsis. The aim of this study is to investigate the ability of Procalcitonin (PCT) to indicate sepsis earlier than blood culture and other traditional biomarkers and then get use of this in early diagnosis of sepsis.Procalcitonin concentration was measured in 44 sera of Iraqi wounded soldiers who were admitted to GHAZI AL-HARIRI Hospital for surgery, using ELISA kit of BioRay/USA, along with blood culture and other infection biomarker like C-reactive protein, ESR, W.B.C. count. Six patients had elevated PCT and 3 of them had positive blood culture, two of these three died. PCT has good correlation with other inflammatory biomarkers. It is our recommendation to accredit PCT as a very early biomarker of sepsis in Iraqi hospitals along with blood culture but earlier than it, and to use the quick test of PCT in battlefield to determine the priority of transmission of wounded soldiers to hospitals.

scholarly journals Role of Serial C-reactive Protein (CRP) in Relation to Total Leucocyte Count, Platelet Count & Blood Culture for early Diagnosis of Neonatal Septicemia in Developing Countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
Chiranjib Barua ◽  
Md Nurul Anwar ◽  
Md Shahidullah ◽  
Shahadat Hossain ◽  
Sharmila Barua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Leucocyte Count ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Leucocyte Count ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Neonatal Septicemia ◽  
Reactive Protein

Neonatal septicemia is a clinical syndrome of systemic illness accompanied by bacteremia occuring in the first 28 days of life. Neonatal septicemia is one of the major causes of neonatal death in developing countries. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent neonatal mortality and morbidity. The present study includes: 1) usefulness of CRP (C-reactive protein), Total Leucocyte Count, Platelet Count and Blood Culture in early diagnosis of Neonatal Sepsis, 2) significance of serial CRP in diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. 3) the prognostic value of CRP in neonatal sepsis. This is a prospective study done in neonatal ward, Chittagong Medical College Hospital and carried out from January 2008 to January 2011. Sample size was 300. One hundred fifty neonates with suspected sepsis as cases and 150 healthy babies as control were enrolled in this study. Seventy two percent of cases neonates were preterm and low birth weight. Common risk factors for neonatal septicemia which were identified in this study; preterm (72%), low birth weight (72%), premature rupture membrane (60%), chorioamnionitis (26%) and maternal urinary tract infection (16%) . Out of 150 cases of suspected neonatal sepsis total 80.7%% had raised CRP, in initial sample 70.39% were CRP positive and in 2nd sample additional 9.31% case were CRP positive . In control group 91% were CRP negative. CRP was positive in 100% of culture proven sepsis. Sensitivity of CRP was 80.67% and specificity of CRP was 76.44%. Leucocytosis was observed in 7% of cases and leucopenia was found in 11% of cases. In 82 % cases leucocyte count was found normal. In control group, 95% had normal leucocyte count and 5% had leucocytosis but no leucopenia. Sensitivity of leucocyte count was 18% and specificity was 20.68%. Thrombocytopenia was found in 28% of case group. Out of 150 cases only 15.33% yielded growth of organisms in blood culture. Klebsiella was the most common pathogen isolated which was followed by E.coli and Strph. aureus. Sensitivity of blood culture was 15.33% and specificity was 100% Therefore serial CRP can be taken as alternative method for diagnosis of neonatal sepsis specially in developing countries where blood culture is not readily available.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2014; 32: 61-65

scholarly journals Septicemia detection by blood buffy coat smear in primary health care centers

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
BK Jha ◽  
YI Singh ◽  
S Mahadevmurthy ◽  
NK Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Primary Health Care Centers ◽  
Health Care Centers

Early diagnosis of childhood septicemia can be done by simple tests like C-reactive protein (CRP) and anticoagulant added blood centrifuged buffy coat smear (BBCS) examination, where there is no well equipped hospital setting for blood culture and identification facility in remote health care centers. This study was conducted between 1st Jan. 2007 to 27th Dec. 2007 in College of Medical Sciences, Bharatpur, Nepal. In this study we have selected 150 suspected cases of childhood septicemia for screening CRP by kit method and BBCS by two slide techniques. This kit is supplied by Span Diagnostic Pvt. Ltd. (Surat, India). Out of 150 cases of childhood septicemia of age group 0-14 years, 83 had positive C- reactive protein (CRP >6ì g/ml), 70 were positive for BBCS and blood culture was positive only in 83 cases, where predominant organism being Klebsiella species followed by Staphylococcus species. CRP test showed 100.0% sensitivity and 87.30% specificity, where BBCS showed 76.5% sensitivity and 91.2% specificity. Blood culture reports are available only after 48-72 hours and this facility is available only in well equipped centers but CRP and BBCS are easy and cheap procedure to perform even in remote areas for early diagnosis of childhood septicemia. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v7i1.5968 JCMSN 2011; 7(1): 19-23

scholarly journals Diagnostic Accuracy of Immunologic Biomarkers for Accurate Diagnosis of Bloodstream Infection in Patients with Malignancy: Procalcitonin in Comparison with C-Reactive Protein

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mansoureh Shokripour ◽  
Navid Omidifar ◽  
Kourosh Salami ◽  
Mohsen Moghadami ◽  
Babak Samizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Cutoff Value ◽  
Reactive Protein

Purpose. To calculate the diagnostic value of C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum procalcitonin (PCT) levels for the pathologic presence of microbes in the bloodstream of patients with malignancy, in comparison with blood culture. Methodology. Blood culture (by reference method) and assay results of PCT and CRP of febrile patients, with clinical suspicion to blood infections, were collected. Statistical aspects of PCT  and CRP tests were evaluated. Results. Data from 255 cases were gathered. The area under the curve for differentiating bacteremia from nonbacteremia for PCT (0.741) was superior to that of CRP (0.612). Amongst the different cutoffs of PCT and CRP, the cutoff of ≥1.17 ng/ml and >47 mg/l had the sensitivity of 75 and 58.3%, the best NPV of 91.5% and 81.3%, and the best specificity of 79.9% and 72.8%, respectively. Discussion. Despite statistically nonsignificant results, PCT seems to be a superior indicator to CRP for rejecting the presence of microorganism in bloodstream. For PCT, the cutoff value of 1.17 ng/ml (bacteremia from nonbacteremia) had the highest NPV value of 91.5% in malignant patients, suspicion of sepsis.

Early Diagnosis of Neonatal Sepsis

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1036-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair G. S. Philip ◽  
Jean R. Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Valuable Adjunct ◽  
Laboratory Facilities ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
Probable Infection

To better define the need for antibiotic therapy, several tests recommended as helpful in diagnosing neonatal sepsis were evaluated in 376 neonates during the first week after birth. The five most useful tests (with definitions of abnormality) were: band/total neutrophils ([unknown]0.2); leukocyte count (<5,000/cu mm); latex-C-reactive protein (positive >0.8 mg/100 ml); ESR ([unknown]15 mm for the first hour); and latex haptoglobin (positive >25 mg/100 ml). When these five tests were applied early (at the time infection was suspected and blood culture sent), 28 of 30 cases (93%) subsequently proven to have infection had two or more abnormal tests. This compares with only 24 of 320 babies (8%) with no subsequently documented evidence of infection. Of all babies who had two or more tests positive (n = 71), 39% had proven sepsis, and an additional 23% had "very probable" infection. The combination of leukopenia and an elevated band/total neutrophil ratio seems to be particularly predictive of sepsis (13 of 17 babies with this combination had proven sepsis). When less than two tests were positive, the probability that sepsis was not present was 99%. These simple, rapid tests require no special laboratory facilities and provide a valuable adjunct in the early detection of the neonate with sepsis.

scholarly journals COVID-19 is affecting elderly people more and increasing in its severity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuma Mertoglu ◽  
mehmet tahir huyut ◽  
hasan olmez ◽  
mustafa tosun ◽  
mecit kantarci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
The Other ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Blood Biomarkers ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Blood Tests ◽  
Routine Blood ◽  
Lymphocyte To Monocyte Ratio ◽  
Erythrocyte Sedimentation

Abstract Objective The important changes occur in routine blood tests in Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods The biochemical, hematological and inflammatory biomarkers of a total of 3969 COVID-19 patients’ results (3746 in the non-intensive care unit (non-ICU) group and 223 in the ICU group) were analyzed by dividing into three groups as spring, summer and autumn. Results In the non-ICU group, lymphocyte to monocyte ratio were lower in autumn than the other two seasons and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio was higher in autumn than the other two seasons. Also, monocyte and platelet were higher in spring than autumn and eosinophil, hematocrit, hemoglobin, lymphocyte and red blood cells decreased from spring to autumn. In the non-ICU group, alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase gradually increased from spring to autumn while albumin, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, total bilirubin and total protein gradually decreased. Additionally, C-reactive protein was higher in autumn than the other seasons, erythrocyte sedimentation rate was higher than the only summer. Conclusion The change in routine blood biomarkers in COVID-19 varies in the period from the emergence of the disease until now. Also, the timely change of blood biomarkers was mostly more negative and this indicates that the disease progresses more severely.

scholarly journals A substitution model of dietary manipulation is an effective means of optimising lipid profile, reducing C-reactive protein and increasing insulin-like growth factor-1

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 809-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian H. Heald ◽  
Cheryl Golding ◽  
Reena Sharma ◽  
Kirk Siddals ◽  
Sara Kirk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Substitution Model ◽  
Reactive Protein

There are two key methods in which fat intake may be manipulated; the ‘substitution model’ and the ‘reduction model’. However insufficient information is known about the mechanisms of dietary fat reduction in individuals who have successfully reduced their fat intake, to be clear as to which strategy offers the greatest chance of success. Our objective was to ascertain the most effective dietary intervention for improving cardiovascular risk profile. Eighty female volunteers (high fat consumers) were recruited. Each subject was randomly allocated into one of the following groups. Substitution of high-fat foods was made with reduced-fat products, by the reduction of high-fat foods, by a combination of substitution and reduction strategies, or no advice was given. Each intervention lasted 3 months. Anthropometric measures and fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and follow-up. The substitution intervention resulted in weight loss (mean −1.4 (95% CI −2.4, −0.2) kg) and reduced percentage body fat (mean −1.3 (95% CI −2.0, −0.5)%). There was no significant weight change with the other interventions. Fasting triacylglycerols (−0.2 (SEM 0.07) mM; P=0.04), cholesterol and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (0.8 (SEM 0.2) mg/l; P=0.04) fell with the substitution intervention, but not with the other interventions. Insulin-like growth factor-1 increased with both substitution and reduction (P=0.02). There was no significant change in fasting insulin or glucose with any intervention. The substitution model of dietary intervention is effective even over a relatively short interval of time in reducing fasting total cholesterol, triacylglycerols and CRP. Although the group size for the present study was small and involved females only, it has significant implications for population intervention strategies.

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