reCAPTCHA: Human Based Embedded Image Generation and Recognition for Web Security

In this paper a fundamental study is considered for the conversion of the thermal energy to electrical energy using ISCC and ORC system and also work provides a descriptive study about the ORC system. The study also recommends some future direction for further research on the basis study of different aspects of the system. The study recommends the usage of the spray system for the enhancement in the surface area of solar collector arrays and also different working is being used based on thermal and electrical properties which works fine in the complete conversion process. The joined framework comprises of a traditional petroleum gas consolidated cycle, natural Rankine cycle and solar fields. Utilization of ORC framework is done for natural liquid flow for the power production through extension and mechanical process where the determination of the working liquid compasses properties likebreaking point and condensing level are properly measured. Minimization of the loss of power in various cycles or procedures is due to the reuse of stored heat and spray system. The purpose of the work is to present a study relying over the ISCC and ORC system for the electricity generation and reuse of the thermal energy. The work also presents study that actually revels the various phases, points about the ORC system using ISCC in two different forms and modes can be used further for better and efficientresearch.


Author(s):  
George J. Mahl

This paper explores and challenges the underlying basis of the Second Law of Thermodynamics. The second law of thermodynamics and its related equations define the relationship between thermal energy and its conversion into mechanical work. The second law of thermodynamics and its equations are based on theory developed by analysis of the Carnot cycle, then with a leap of faith, applies this theory and these equations to the Rankine cycle and to the general conversion of thermal energy into mechanical energy. This paper explores the original analysis, which forms the basis of the second law of thermodynamics, and offers new analysis which may form a new understanding of thermodynamics. If proven correct, this new understanding may unlock tremendous resources for the production of mechanical and electrical energy.



2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Abdel Hakim

Abstract Multi-megawatt thermoelectric energy storage (TEES) based on thermodynamic cycles is a promising alternative to pumped-storage hydroelectricity (PSH) and compressed air energy storage (CAES) systems. The size and cost of energy storage are the main advantages of this technology as it generally uses inexpensive energy storage materials and does not require high-pressure tanks or rare geographic terrain, but the round trip electric efficiency of this technology remains low compared to its competitors. In this context, the objective of this article is to study and simulate a TEES system. A TEES system converts electrical energy to thermal energy by means of an electric heater uses joule heating effect, the system storage this thermal energy in solar salt. Stored thermal energy is converted into electrical energy by a thermal engine uses the organic Rankine cycle (ORC). An auxiliary energy source is integrated with the organic Rankine cycle to improve the round trip electric efficiency of the system. Auxiliary energy source can be solar thermal and geothermal at an average temperature between 100 and 140 °C, which is used to evaporate the working fluid to saturation. The steam is then superheated by stored thermal energy. The superheated steam expands in a turbine producing a good amount of energy compared to the saturated steam expansion. Methanol (CH3OH) has been used as a working fluid because its boiling point is less than 100 °C at the atmospheric pressure.



Author(s):  
Miltiadis Kalikatzarakis ◽  
Christos A Frangopoulos

The recovery of high temperature thermal energy released by propulsion engines in order to cover thermal loads is commonplace in contemporary ships. However, the medium- and low-temperature thermal energy is only partially exploited or not exploited at all. In the present work, an organic Rankine cycle system driving an electric generator is considered, in addition to the exhaust gas boiler, in order to recover available heat and produce electrical energy. The specifications of the system are determined by an optimization procedure taking economic criteria into consideration, apart from the technical criteria usually used in this kind of studies. More specifically, with the net present value as the objective function and by application of optimization algorithms, the optimal synthesis, design and operation of the organic Rankine cycle system are determined. For the particular vessel considered, the installation of the organic Rankine cycle is technically feasible and economically profitable, with a dynamic payback period of 4 years. The solution of the optimization problem is supplemented with a sensitivity analysis with respect to important parameters.



Author(s):  
E. L. Wolf

The Sun’s spectrum on Earth is modified by the atmosphere, and is harvested either by generating heat for direct use or for running heat engines, or by quantum absorption in solar cells, to be discussed later. Focusing of sunlight requires tracking of the Sun and is defeated on cloudy days. Heat engines have efficiency limits similar to the Carnot cycle limit. The steam turbine follows the Rankine cycle and is well developed in technology, optimally using a re-heat cycle of higher efficiency. Having learned quite a bit about how the Sun’s energy is created, and how that process might be reproduced on Earth, we turn now to methods for harvesting the energy from the Sun as a sustainable replacement for fossil fuel energy.





1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 889-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Phillips ◽  
Robert J. Coraor ◽  
Steven R. Prescott




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