scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF WATER PRODUCTIVITY IN THE BANDA SEA BASED ON REMOTE SENSING SATELLITE DATA

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Sartono Marpaung ◽  
Risky Faristyawan ◽  
Anang Dwi Purwanto ◽  
Wikanti Asriningrum ◽  
Argo Galih Suhada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
La Niña ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Chlorophyll A Concentration ◽  
La Nina

Abstract. This study examines the density of potential fishing zone (PFZ) points and chlorophyll-a concentration in the Banda Sea. The data used are those on chlorophyll-a from the Aqua MODIS satellite, PFZ points from ZAP and the monthly southern oscillation index. The methods used are single image edge detection, polygon center of mass, density function and a Hovmoller diagram. The result of the analysis show that productivity of chlorophyll-a in the Banda Sea is influenced by seasonal factors (dry season and wet season) and ENSO phenomena (El Niño and La Niña). High productivity of chlorophyll-a  occurs during in the dry season with the peak in August, while low productivity occurs in the wet season and the transition period, with the lowest levels in April and December. The variability in chlorophyll-a production is influenced by the global El Niño and La Niña phenomena; production increases during El Niño and decreases during La Niña. Tuna conservation areas have as lower productivity of chlorophyll-a and PFZ point density compared to the northern and southern parts of the Banda Sea. High density PFZ point regions are associated with regions that have higher productivity of chlorophyll-a, namely the southern part of the Banda Sea, while low density PFZ point areas  are associated with regions that have a low productivity of chlorophyll-a, namely tuna conservation areas. The effect of the El Niño phenomenon in increasing chlorophyll-a concentration is stronger in the southern part of study area than in the tuna conservation area. On the other hand, the effect of La Niña phenomenon in decreasing chlorophyll-a concentration is stronger in the tuna conservation area than in the southern and northern parts of the study area. 

Seasonal–Interannual Variation and Prediction of Wet and Dry Season Rainfall over the Maritime Continent: Roles of ENSO and Monsoon Circulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 3675-3695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuantuan Zhang ◽  
Song Yang ◽  
Xingwen Jiang ◽  
Ping Zhao
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
La Niña ◽  
Monsoon Circulation ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Maritime Continent ◽  
La Nina

Abstract The authors analyze the seasonal–interannual variations of rainfall over the Maritime Continent (MC) and their relationships with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and large-scale monsoon circulation. They also investigate the predictability of MC rainfall using the hindcast of the U.S. National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2). The seasonal evolution of MC rainfall is characterized by a wet season from December to March and a dry season from July to October. The increased (decreased) rainfall in the wet season is related to the peak-decaying phase of La Niña (El Niño), whereas the increased (decreased) rainfall in the dry season is related to the developing phase of La Niña (El Niño), with an apparent spatial incoherency of the SST–rainfall relationship in the wet season. For extremely wet cases of the wet season, local warm SST also contributes to the above-normal rainfall over the MC except for the western area of the MC due to the effect of the strong East Asian winter monsoon. The CFSv2 shows high skill in predicting the main features of MC rainfall variations and their relationships with ENSO and anomalies of the large-scale monsoon circulation, especially for strong ENSO years. It predicts the rainfall and its related circulation patterns skillfully in advance by several months, especially for the dry season. The relatively lower skill of predicting MC rainfall for the wet season is partly due to the low prediction skill of rainfall over Sumatra, Malay, and Borneo (SMB), as well as the unrealistically predicted relationship between SMB rainfall and ENSO.

scholarly journals An assessment of El Niño and La Niña impacts focused on monthly and seasonal rainfall and extreme dry/precipitation events in mountain regions of Colombia and México

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 23-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Carolina Pinilla Herrera ◽  
Carlos Andrés Pinzón Correa
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
La Niña ◽  
Seasonal Rainfall ◽  
Seasonal Precipitation ◽  
La Nina ◽  
Mountain Landscapes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Precipitation Events

Abstract. The influence of El Niño and La Niña on monthly and seasonal rainfall over mountain landscapes in Colombia and México was assessed based on the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI). A statistical analysis was develop to compare the extreme dry/precipitation events between El Niño, La Niña and Neutral episodes. For both areas, it was observed that El Niño and La Niña episodes are associated with important increases or decreases in rainfall. However, Neutral episodes showed the highest occurrence of extreme precipitation/dry events. For a better understanding of the impact of El Niño and La Niña on seasonal precipitation, we did a compound and a GIS analyses to define the high/low probability of above, below or normal seasonal precipitation under El Niño, La Niña and cold/warm Neutral episodes. In San Vicente, Colombia the below-normal seasonal rainfall was identified during El Niño and Neutral episodes in the dry season JJA. In this same municipality we also found above-normal seasonal rainfall during La Niña and Neutral episodes, especially in the dry season DJF. In Tancítaro México the below-normal seasonal rainfall was identified during La Niña winters (DJF) and El Niño summers (JJA), the above-normal seasonal rainfall was found during La Niña summers (JJA) and El Niño winters (DJF).

scholarly journals PERUBAHAN IKLIM DALAM KONTEKS SISTEM PRODUKSI DAN PENGEMBANGAN KOPI DI INDONESIA / Climate Change in the Contex of Production System and Coffee Development in Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Syakir ◽  
E. Surmaini
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
La Niña ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
La Nina ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
The Impact

<p>Coffee is one of the Indonesian largest export commodities and has a strategic role in the economy of nearly two million farmers’ livelihood. The potency of Indonesia’s coffee export is quite high because of its preferred taste, however the trend of national coffee production is only 1-2% per year. On the other hand, the impacts of climate change also threaten the achievement of increased production targets. This paper reviews the impact climate change on coffee production and the adaptation strategies. The main coffee producing regions in Indonesia are Aceh, North Sumatera, South Sumatera, Lampung, Bengkulu, East Java and South Sulawesi Provinces. Most of these regions are vulnerable to climate change. The increasing of extreme climate events such as drought due to El Niño causes a decline in national coffee production to 10%. On the contrary, the longer wet season due to La Niña caused the decreased coffee production to 80%. Indirect impacts due to rising temperatures are increased incidence of coffee borer and leaf rust disease which can lead to a 50% decline on coffee production. Due to rising temperatures, the projected coffee production areas are projected to shift to higher elevations. Numerous adaptive technologies have been intoduced, however adaptive capacaity of farmers are still low. This condition is exacerbated by the limited access of most farmers to climate information, markets, technology, farming credits, and climate risk management information. To overcome the problem, policy makers, stakeholders and farmers have to accelerate the adaptation practices since the climate change has occurred and will continue to happen.</p><p>Keywords: Coffee, climate change, production, adaptation Top of Form</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Kopi merupakan salah satu komoditas ekspor yang berperan strategis dalam perekonomian hampir dua juta rumah petani di Indonesia. Potensi ekspor kopi Indonesia cukup tinggi karena cita rasanya yang disukai, namun tren peningkatan produksi kopi nasional hanya 1-2% per tahun. Di sisi lain, dampak perubahan iklim juga mengancam tercapainya target peningkatan produksi. Makalah ini merupakan tinjauan dampak perubahan iklim terhadap produksi kopi dan strategi adaptasinya di Indonesia. Daerah penghasil utama kopi seperti Aceh, Sumatera Utara, Sumatera Selatan, Lampung, Bengkulu, Jawa Timur dan Sulawesi Selatan rentan terhadap dampak perubahan iklim. Meningkatnya kejadian iklim ekstrim seperti kekeringan akibat El Niño mengakibatkan penurunan produksi kopi 10%. Sebaliknya, musim hujan yang panjang akibat La Niña menurunkan produksi kopi hingga 80%. Dampak tidak langsung perubahan iklim adalah meningkatnya serangan hama penggerek buah kopi dan penyakit karat daun yang menyebabkan penurunan produksi sekitar 50%. Akibat kenaikan suhu, sentra produksi kopi diproyeksikan akan berpindah ke wilayah dengan elevasi yang lebih tinggi. Berbagai teknologi adaptasi telah dihasilkan, namun tingkat adaptasi petani kopi umumnya masih rendah. Kondisi ini diperparah oleh terbatasnya akses sebagian besar petani terhadap informasi iklim, pasar, teknologi, kredit usaha tani, dan informasi pengelolaan risiko iklim. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, pengambil kebijakan, stakeholder, dan petani harus mengakselerasi upaya adaptasi karena perubahan iklim telah terjadi dan akan terus berlangsung.</p><p>Kata kunci: Kopi, perubahan iklim, produksi, adaptasi</p>

scholarly journals Influência da Oscilação da Temperatura do Oceano Pacífico Equatorial no Regime de Precipitação da Região Hidrográfica do Atlântico Leste

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1502
Author(s):  
Leandro De Santana Santos ◽  
Ludmilson Abritta Mendes
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Temperature Oscillation ◽  
La Niña ◽  
Equatorial Pacific Ocean ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
East Atlantic ◽  
Precipitation Regime ◽  
La Nina

Diante do cenário de estresse hídrico e alteração dos regimes pluviométricos, neste trabalho foi realizada uma avaliação da interferência do El Niño Oscilação Sul no regime pluviométrico da Região Hidrográfica do Atlântico Leste. Para tal, utilizou-se os testes não paramétricos de Kruskall-Wallis e Mann-Whitney para avaliar se, no período entre os anos de 1950 e 2018, há interferência dos fenômenos El Niño e La Niña na precipitação registrada nos períodos úmido e seco da região. Foi encontrada uma relação entre a ocorrência das anomalias climáticas sobre as médias das chuvas tanto nos meses secos quanto nos meses úmidos. Verificou-se que existe uma predominância dos efeitos de La Niña no período seco e que, no período úmido, La Niña influencia a porção norte da bacia e El Niño a porção sul. Influence of Equatorial Pacific Ocean Temperature Oscillation on the Precipitation Regime of the East Atlantic Hydrographic Region     A B S T R A C T   Given the scenario of water stress and alteration of rainfall regimes, in this work an evaluation of the interference of El Niño Southern Oscillation in the rainfall of the East Atlantic Hydrographic Region was performed. For this purpose, the nonparametric Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to evaluate the stationarity of the basin rainfall series from 1950 to 2018. A relationship was found between the occurrence of climatic anomalies on the mean rain both in the dry and wet periods. It was found that there is a predominance of La Niña effects in the dry season and that in the wet season La Niña influences the northern portion of the basin and El Niño the southern portion. Keywords: ENSO, Climate Variability, Precipitation.

scholarly journals ANALISIS SPASIAL PENGARUH KEJADIAN EL NINO KUAT TAHUN 2015 DAN LA NINA LEMAH TAHUN 2016 TERHADAP KELEMBAPAN, ANGIN DAN CURAH HUJAN DI INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibnu Athoillah ◽  
Rini Mariana Sibarani ◽  
Deassy Eirene Doloksaribu
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
La Niña ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Positive Anomaly ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Zonal Winds ◽  
La Nina ◽  
Meridional Winds ◽  
The Impact

IntisariKejadian El Nino Kuat tahun 2015 dan La Nina Lemah tahun 2016 sangat berpengaruh terhadap beberapa parameter cuaca di Indonesia seperti kelembapan udara, angin dan curah hujan. Dilihat dari kelembapan udara pada saat El Nino, kelembapan udara memiliki anomali negatif dan pada saat La Nina cenderung anomali positif. Dari pengaruhnya terhadap angin, saat El Nino angin zonal lebih dominan angin timuran, dan angin meridional lebih dominan angin selatan yang menyebabkan berkurangnya suplai uap air di Indonesia. Sedangkan saat La Nina, angin zonal lebih dominan baratan dan angin meridional lebih dominan dari utara. Pengaruh yang jelas terlihat dari adanya fenomena El Nino dan La Nina adalah kejadian hujan di wilayah Indonesia. Pola spasial kejadian hujan di wilayah Indonesia pada tahun 2015 dan tahun 2016 memperlihatkan pengaruh dari fenomena El Nino dan La Nina yang telah terjadi. Data hujan yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah data observasi per 1 jam dari satelit TRMM pada tahun 2015, 2016 dan data historis dari tahun 2001 - 2014. Dari hasil analisis spasial menunjukkan bahwa kejadian El Nino mulai terlihat dampaknya pada musim kering yaitu berupa penurunan curah hujan di bawah normalnya sekitar 50 – 300 mm/bulan terjadi pada bulan Agustus hingga Oktober 2015 terutama di wilayah Indonesia bagian Selatan sedangkan pada musim basah November 2015 – Maret 2016 tidak terlalu signifikan dampaknya. Kejadian La Nina terlihat dampaknya pada bulan September – Desember tahun 2016 dimana terlihat adanya penambahan curah hujan dibandingkan normalnya sekitar 50 – 400 mm/bulan. AbtractThe strong El Nino in 2015 and the weak La Nina in 2016 are very influential on weather in Indonesia. In this case will be seen the influence of them againts relative humidifty, wind, and rainfall. The relative humidity during El Nino tends to be a negative and when La Nina tends to be a positive anomaly. Impact to the wind during El Nino, zonal winds are dominant northern and meridional winds are dominant southern which leads to reduced supply of water vapor in Indonesia. While during La Nina, zonal winds are dominant western and meridional winds are dominant northern. The obvious influence of El Nino and La Nina are the occurrence of rainfall in Indonesia. Spatial pattern of rainfall events in Indonesia can show the effects of the El Nino and La Nina. Rainfall data used in this paper are the observation data from TRMM Satellite hourly from 2001 – 2016. Data were analyzed by monthly and seasonal analysis. From the result of spatial analysis shows the impact of El Nino began on dry season. That is decrease of rainfall below the normal around 50 – 300 mm/month occurs in August to October 2015, especially in southern Indonesia. while in wet season November 2015 – March 2016 the impact is not significant. The impact of La Nina is seen in September – December 2016, where there is an increase of rainfall above the normal around 50 – 400 mm/month. 

The Modulation of Daily Southern Africa Precipitation by the El Niño Southern Oscillation Across the Summertime Wet Season

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-63
Author(s):  
Andrew Hoell ◽  
Andrea E. Gaughan ◽  
Tamuka Magadzire ◽  
Laura Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
La Niña ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Spatiotemporal Evolution ◽  
La Nina ◽  
Precipitation Characteristics ◽  
Precipitation Anomalies ◽  
Mass Divergence

AbstractThe spatiotemporal evolution of daily Southern Africa precipitation characteristics, and associated atmospheric circulation, related to El Niño and La Niña are examined across the region’s November-April wet season. Precipitation characteristics are examined in terms of monthly changes in daily average precipitation, the number of precipitation days, and the number of heavy precipitation days in three independently constructed estimates of observed precipitation during 1983-2018. Mechanisms related to precipitation changes, including contributions from mass divergence, water vapor transports, and transient eddies, are diagnosed using the atmospheric moisture budget based on the ERA5 reanalysis.El Niño is related to precipitation anomalies that build during December-March, the core of the rainy season, culminating in significantly below average values stretching across a semiarid region from central Mozambique to southeastern Angola. A broad anticyclone centered over Botswana drives these precipitation anomalies primarily through anomalous mass divergence, with moisture advection and transient eddies playing secondary roles. La Niña is related to significantly above average daily precipitation characteristics over all Africa south of 20°S in February and much less so during the other five months. February precipitation anomalies are primarily driven through mass divergence due to a strong anomalous cyclonic circulation, whereas a similar circulation is more diffuse during the other months. The spatiotemporal evolution of anomalies in daily precipitation characteristics across Southern Africa related to El Niño and La Niña are not equal and opposite. The robustness of an asymmetric evolution, which could have implications for subseasonal forecasts, needs to be confirmed with analysis of additional empirical data and established with climate model experimentation.

Small anomalies in dry-season greenness and chlorophyll fluorescence for Amazon moist tropical forests during El Niño and La Niña

2021 ◽  
Vol 253 ◽  
pp. 112196
Author(s):  
Russell Doughty ◽  
Xiangming Xiao ◽  
Yuanwei Qin ◽  
Xiaocui Wu ◽  
Yao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
La Niña ◽  
La Nina

ANALISIS DAERAH RAWAN KEKERINGAN LAHAN JAGUNG BERDASARKAN IKLIM OLDEMAN DAN KETERSEDIAN AIR TANAH DI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR SAAT PERIODE EL NINO DAN LA NINA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1219
Author(s):  
Oki Adrianto ◽  
Sudirman Sudirman ◽  
Suwandi Suwandi
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
La Niña ◽  
La Nina

Perekonomian Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur secara sektoral masih didominasi sektor pertanian.Tanaman jagung menjadi salah satu produksi tanaman pangan terbesar berdasarkan data dari Dinas Pertanian dan Perkebunan Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur tahun 2015. Peningkatan produksi pertanian dapat dilakukan melalui berbagai strategi adaptasi dan upaya penanganan bencana, salah satu upaya tersebut adalah dengan penyediaan informasi iklim terkait penentuan daerah-daerah rawan kekeringan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sebaran wilayah rawan kekeringan lahan jagung bulanan di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur saat kondisi El Nino dan La Nina dengan periodeisasi bulanan januari hingga desember. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data curah hujan rata rata bulanan di 19 pos hujan di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur dan suhu udara rata-rata bulanan dihitung menggunakan pendekatan teori Brack dengan titik referensi Stasiun Klimatologi Lasiana Kupang. Periode dari masing-masing data yang digunakan adalah dari tahun 1991 dan 1997 digunakan sebagai tahun El Nino dan tahun 1999 dan 2010 digunakan sebagai tahun La Nina. Metode yang digunakan untuk menentukan tingkat rawan kekeringan dengan menggunakan pembobotan berdasarkan penjumlahan bobot tipe iklim Oldeman dan bobot ketersediaan air tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebaran daerah kekeringan di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timurpada tahun el nino lebih luas dibandingkan tahun la nina.

A Influência dos fenômenos El Niño e La Niña sobre a dinâmica climática da região Amazônica

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. e2018014
Author(s):  
Samya de Freitas MOREIRA ◽  
Cleiciane Silva da CONCEIÇÃO ◽  
Milla Cristina Santos da CRUZ ◽  
Antônio PEREIRA JÚNIOR
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
La Niña ◽  
La Nina

Caracterização climática da temperatura do ar em Veranópolis, Rio Grande do Sul

Agrometeoros ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Heemann Junges
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
La Niña ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
La Nina

Estudos locais de caraterização e variabilidade climática são fundamentais para geração de informações mais adaptadas às atividades agrícolas desenvolvidas em um município ou região. O objetivo desse trabalho foi caracterizar climaticamente e analisar a influência de eventos El Niño Oscilação Sul (ENOS) na série 1956-2015 de temperatura do ar de Veranópolis, RS. Para caracterização climática foram estabelecidas estatísticas descritivas das temperaturas do ar máximas, mínimas e médias mensais, estacional e anual na série e normal climatológica padrão 1961- 1990. Para identificação de diferenças entre estações e influência de eventos ENOS, os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e teste de Duncan. Os resultados indicaram que a temperatura média anual é de 17,3ºC, variando entre 12,7ºC (julho) e 21,8ºC (janeiro). O clima é do tipo Cfb, de acordo com a classificação climática de Köppen e TE (temperado) na classificação climática do Estado. Temperaturas mínimas médias mensais inferiores a 10ºC ocorrem de maio a setembro, período de maior variabilidade interanual das temperaturas máximas (desvio padrão entre 1,5º e 1,8ºC), mínimas (1,6-1,8ºC) e médias mensais (1,4-1,7ºC). Anos de La Niña possuem temperaturas médias estacionais inferiores as de El Niño, embora diferenciação em relação a neutros ocorra somente para temperaturas mínimas na primavera e máximas no outono.

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