scholarly journals THE EFFICACY OF INVERMECTION IN TREATMENT OF SARCOPTIC MANGE IN GOATS

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
Wahab Amin Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Sarcoptic Mange

 The efficacy of invermection in treatment of an outbreak of mange Moritanin and local adults caused by Sarcoptes Scabiei Var Carprae mites was studied  Invermection was given S/C at a dose rate 0.2 mg/kg. body weight twice at an interval of 14 days for 20 infested Moritanin adults and 20 local adults goats. Invermection was 100% effective, and all goats were in good condition after treatment.

scholarly journals Sarcoptic mange in wild ruminants in Spain: solving the epidemiological enigma using microsatellite markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Moroni ◽  
Samer Angelone ◽  
Jesús M. Pérez ◽  
Anna Rita Molinar Min ◽  
Mario Pasquetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Sarcoptic Mange ◽  
Wild Ruminant ◽  
Capra Pyrenaica ◽  
Wild Ruminants ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Genetic Clusters ◽  
Genetic Strains

Abstract Background In Spain, sarcoptic mange was first described in native wildlife in 1987 in Cazorla Natural Park, causing the death of nearly 95% of the local native population of Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica). Since then, additional outbreaks have been identified in several populations of ibex and other wild ungulate species throughout the country. Although the first epizootic outbreak in wildlife was attributed to the introduction of an infected herd of domestic goats, the origin and the cause of its persistence remain unclear. The main aims of this study are to understand (i) the number of Sarcoptes scabiei “strains” circulating in wild ruminant populations in Spain, and (ii) the molecular epidemiological relationships between S. scabiei and its hosts. Methods Ten Sarcoptes microsatellite markers were used to characterize the genetic structure of 266 mites obtained from skin scrapings of 121 mangy wild ruminants between 2011 and 2019 from 11 areas in Spain. Results Seventy-three different alleles and 37 private alleles were detected. The results of this study show the existence of three genetic strains of S. scabiei in the wild ruminant populations investigated. While two genetic clusters of S. scabiei were host- and geography-related, one cluster included multi-host mites deriving from geographically distant populations. Conclusions The molecular epidemiological study of S. scabiei in wild ruminants in Spain indicates that the spreading and persistence of the parasite may be conditioned by host species community composition and the permissiveness of each host population/community to the circulation of individual “strains,” among other factors. Wildlife–livestock interactions and the role of human-driven introduction or trade of wild and domestic animals should be better investigated to prevent further spread of sarcoptic mange in as yet unaffected natural areas of the Iberian Peninsula.

scholarly journals Non-Invasive Molecular Survey of Sarcoptic Mange in Wildlife: Diagnostic Performance in Wolf Faecal Samples Evaluated by Multi-Event Capture–Recapture Models

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Julieta Rousseau ◽  
Mónia Nakamura ◽  
Helena Rio-Maior ◽  
Francisco Álvares ◽  
Rémi Choquet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Sarcoptic Mange ◽  
Diagnostic Specificity ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Event Capture

Sarcoptic mange is globally enzootic, and non-invasive methods with high diagnostic specificity for its surveillance in wildlife are lacking. We describe the molecular detection of Sarcoptes scabiei in non-invasively collected faecal samples, targeting the 16S rDNA gene. We applied this method to 843 Iberian wolf Canis lupus signatus faecal samples collected in north-western Portugal (2006–2018). We further integrated this with serological data (61 samples from wolf and 20 from red fox Vulpes vulpes, 1997–2019) in multi-event capture–recapture models. The mean predicted prevalence by the molecular analysis of wolf faecal samples from 2006–2018 was 7.2% (CI95 5.0–9.4%; range: 2.6–11.7%), highest in 2009. The mean predicted seroprevalence in wolves was 24.5% (CI95 18.5–30.6%; range: 13.0–55.0%), peaking in 2006–2009. Multi-event capture–recapture models estimated 100% diagnostic specificity and moderate diagnostic sensitivity (30.0%, CI95 14.0–53.0%) for the molecular method. Mange-infected individually identified wolves showed a tendency for higher mortality versus uninfected wolves (ΔMortality 0.150, CI95 −0.165–0.458). Long-term serology data highlights the endemicity of sarcoptic mange in wild canids but uncovers multi-year epidemics. This study developed and evaluated a novel method for surveying sarcoptic mange in wildlife populations by the molecular detection of S. scabiei in faecal samples, which stands out for its high specificity and non-invasive character.

scholarly journals Of microbes and mange: consistent changes in the skin microbiome of three canid species infected with Sarcoptes scabiei mites

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra L. DeCandia ◽  
Kennedy N. Leverett ◽  
Bridgett M. vonHoldt
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Sarcoptic Mange ◽  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity

Abstract Background Sarcoptic mange is a highly contagious skin disease caused by the ectoparasitic mite Sarcoptes scabiei. Although it afflicts over 100 mammal species worldwide, sarcoptic mange remains a disease obscured by variability at the individual, population and species levels. Amid this variability, it is critical to identify consistent drivers of morbidity, particularly at the skin barrier. Methods Using culture-independent next generation sequencing, we characterized the skin microbiome of three species of North American canids: coyotes (Canis latrans), red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus). We compared alpha and beta diversity between mange-infected and uninfected canids using the Kruskal–Wallis test and multivariate analysis of variance with permutation. We used analysis of composition of microbes and gneiss balances to perform differential abundance testing between infection groups. Results We found remarkably consistent signatures of microbial dysbiosis associated with mange infection. Across genera, mange-infected canids exhibited reduced microbial diversity, altered community composition and increased abundance of opportunistic pathogens. The primary bacteria comprising secondary infections were Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, previously associated with canid ear and skin infections, and Corynebacterium spp., previously found among the gut flora of S. scabiei mites and hematophagous arthropods. Conclusions This evidence suggests that sarcoptic mange infection consistently alters the canid skin microbiome and facilitates secondary bacterial infection, as seen in humans and other mammals infected with S. scabiei mites. These results provide valuable insights into the pathogenesis of mange at the skin barrier of North American canids and can inspire novel treatment strategies. By adopting a “One Health” framework that considers mites, microbes and the potential for interspecies transmission, we can better elucidate the patterns and processes underlying this ubiquitous and enigmatic disease.

scholarly journals Effect of different transportation period on body weight loss, hematological and biochemical stress responses of sheep

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-123
Author(s):  
L. Lendrawati ◽  
R. Priyanto ◽  
A. Jayanegara ◽  
W. Manalu ◽  
D. Desrial
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Water Access ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Blood Profiles

The study was conducted to evaluate the duration of road transportation during 4, 8 and 12 hours on body weight loss, hematological and biochemical responses of sheep. Twenty-four male Javanese thin tailed sheep were separated into transported group (T4, T8 and T12) and non-transported group (NT4, NT8 and NT12). Transportation (T) groups were transported for 4, 8 and 12 h in the same open pick up with 0.28 m2/head of loading density. Body weight, haematological and biochemical blood profiles were determined. The results showed that increasing of transportation duration significantly increased (P<0.05) body weight loss and decreased (P<0.05) hematocrit, cortisol and glucose values in the blood. However, these values were in the normal range of sheep well-being. In conclusion, transported healthy Javanese thin tailed sheep under good condition without feed and water access up to 12 h can tolerate to adverse effect of transportation without disturbing their welfare.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal spread of sarcoptic mange in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in Switzerland over more than 60 years: lessons learnt from comparative analysis of multiple surveillance tools

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Roberto Rolando Pisano ◽  
Fridolin Zimmermann ◽  
Luca Rossi ◽  
Simon Capt ◽  
Ezgi Akdesir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
General Health ◽  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
Sarcoptic Mange ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
First Case ◽  
Combining Data

Abstract Background Sarcoptic mange is a contagious skin disease of wild and domestic mammals caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei. Reports of sarcoptic mange in wildlife increased worldwide in the second half of the 20th century, especially since the 1990s. The aim of this study was to provide new insights into the epidemiology of mange by (i) documenting the emergence of sarcoptic mange in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in the last decades in Switzerland; and (ii) describing its spatiotemporal spread combining data obtained through different surveillance methods. Methods Retrospective analysis of archived material together with prospective data collection delivered a large dataset from the 19th century to 2018. Methods included: (i) a review of historical literature; (ii) screening of necropsy reports from general health surveillance (1958–2018); (iii) screening of data on mange (1968–1992) collected during the sylvatic rabies eradication campaign; (iv) a questionnaire survey (<1980–2017) and (v) evaluation of camera-trap bycatch data (2005–2018). Results Sarcoptic mange in red foxes was reported as early as 1835 in Switzerland. The first case diagnosed in the framework of the general health surveillance was in 1959. Prior to 1980, sarcoptic mange occurred in non-adjacent surveillance districts scattered all over the country. During the period of the rabies epidemic (1970s-early 1990s), the percentage of foxes tested for rabies with sarcoptic mange significantly decreased in subregions with rabies, whereas it remained high in the few rabies-free subregions. Sarcoptic mange re-emerged in the mid-1990s and continuously spread during the 2000–2010s, to finally extend to the whole country in 2017. The yearly prevalence of mange in foxes estimated by camera-trapping ranged from 0.1–12%. Conclusions Sarcoptic mange has likely been endemic in Switzerland as well as in other European countries at least since the mid-19th century. The rabies epidemics seem to have influenced the pattern of spread of mange in several locations, revealing an interesting example of disease interaction in free-ranging wildlife populations. The combination of multiple surveillance tools to study the long-term dynamics of sarcoptic mange in red foxes in Switzerland proved to be a successful strategy, which underlined the usefulness of questionnaire surveys.

Isoflurane sparing effect of diazepam and midazolam to xylazine-ketamine induction and isoflurane maintenance in goats

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Vishnugurubaran ◽  
S. Ping Kathirvel ◽  
S. Senthilkumar ◽  
S. Balasundaram ◽  
S. Dharmaceelan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Clinical Study ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Isoflurane Anaesthesia ◽  
Isoflurane Concentration ◽  
Group I ◽  
Ketamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Sparing Effect ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
Induction Of Anaesthesia

The clinical study was undertaken to assess the isoflurane sparing effect of diazepam and midazolam during isoflurane anaesthesia in goats. The study was conducted in 12 clinical cases of goats randomly divided into two equal groups. In all the animals, xylazine hydrochloride was administered at the dose rate of 0.05 mg per kg body weight intramuscularly. In group I and II, diazepam and midazolam were administered at the dose rate of 0.5 mg per kg body weight i.v. respectively, prior to induction of anaesthesia. Anaesthesia was induced with ketamine hydrochloride at the dose rate of 5 mg per kg body weight i.v. and was maintained with isoflurane employing rebreathing circuit. The end-tidal isoflurane concentration required to maintain surgical plane of anaesthesia was significantly lower in group II (0.82 ± 0.03 per cent) indicating that inclusion of midazolam in the anaesthetic protocol had significant (28 per cent) isoflurane sparing effect.

scholarly journals Epizootic process of demodicosis and sarcoptosis of pet dogs in the metropolis

2021 ◽  
pp. 140-146
Author(s):  
D. Feshchenko ◽  
O. Zghozinska ◽  
O. Dubova ◽  
T. Bakhur ◽  
T. Redko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Sarcoptic Mange ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Hunting Season ◽  
Veterinary Clinic ◽  
Demodex Canis ◽  
Wild Fauna ◽  
Hunting Dogs

Scabies mites, in particular Sarcoptes scabei and Demodex canis, remain undesirable but permanent members of zoocenoses in metropolis around the world. This is due to the contacts of domestic animals with wild relatives (foxes, raccoon dogs, coyotes), which are massively infected with various types of ticks. The purpose of our research was to find out the epizootic situation with demodicosis and sarcoptic mange of domestic dogs in Kyiv, as well as to establish the sources of their infection. The actual results were obtained on the basis of the "Veterinary Clinic of Doctor Medvedev" (Kyiv) according to the data of routine work with patients for 2009-2020. Diagnostic procedures consisted of clinical and dermatological examination of dogs, examination of skin scrapings, trichoscopy, "Scotch tape" test, a Wood's lamp examination and others. Over 11 years, 1473 dermatological examinations of domestic dogs were carried out. Of these, 230 dogs (15.6%) suffered from demodicosis at the age of 5 months to 7 years. Sarcoptic mange was much less common: a total of 59 sick dogs (4.0%) were identified. Both of acaroses were seasonal, with an increase in the incidence in fall and winter. Regarding the breed factor: Pugs (10.43%), Staffordshire Terriers (10.0%) and French Bulldogs (9.56%) were more prone to demodicosis; to sarcoptic mange – German wirehaired pointer (13.6%), German hunt terrier (11.9%) and Shorthaired pointer (10.2%). The stray dogs and cats were source most often of infection of domestic decorative dogs with mites Sarcoptes scabei var canis. Hunting dogs mainly became infected during the hunting season during contact with animals of the wild fauna, most often – foxes. Clinical manifestations of acaroses occurred mainly in young animals not older than 3 years (70.5 and 76.7% for demodicosis and sarcoptic mange, respectively). In addition, in male dogs sarcoptic mange is more often recorded (59.3%), in female dogs – demodicosis (53.9%). Key words: scabies, mites, Sarcoptes scabiei, Demodex canis, prevalence, dogs, foxes.

scholarly journals Sarcoptes scabiei: an important exotic pathogen of wombats

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee F Skerratt
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Sarcoptic Mange ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
Common Wombat ◽  
Pseudocheirus Peregrinus ◽  
Exotic Pathogen ◽  
Ringtail Possum

Sarcoptes scabiei is a parasitic astigmatid mite, which causes scabies in people and sarcoptic mange in mammals. Importantly, it is an emerging disease in wildlife throughout the world. The mite originates from a human ancestor and is thought to have spread to domestic and then free-living animals. Based on the recent emergence of sarcoptic mange in Australian wildlife and Aboriginal communities, it is thought that Sarcoptes scabiei was probably introduced to Australia by the Europeans and their animals. The mitochondrial genetic similarity of mites from Australian wildlife and domestic animals supports this. In Australian wildlife, sarcoptic mange has been reported in the common wombat Vombatus ursinus, southern hairy-nosed wombat Lasiorhinus latifrons, koala Phascolarctos cinereus, common ringtail possum Pseudocheirus peregrinus and in 2003 in the agile wallaby Macropus agilis. Compared with other native species, sarcoptic mange has by far its greatest impact on wombats, particularly common wombats, and is capable of causing high morbidity and mortality rates.

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology of a fatal sarcoptic mange epidemic in endangered San Joaquin kit foxes (Vulpes macrotis mutica)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime L. Rudd ◽  
Deana L. Clifford ◽  
Brian L. Cypher ◽  
Joshua M. Hull ◽  
A. Jane Riner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Genetic Difference ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Sarcoptic Mange ◽  
Canis Lupus Familiaris ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Kit Fox ◽  
Vulpes Macrotis ◽  
Vulpes Macrotis Mutica

Abstract Background: In 2013, sarcoptic mange, caused by Sarcoptes scabiei mites, precipitated a catastrophic decline of the formerly stable urban population of endangered San Joaquin kit foxes ( Vulpes macrotis mutica ) in Bakersfield, California, USA. In 2019, a smaller sarcoptic mange outbreak affected kit foxes 58 km southwest of Bakersfield in the town of Taft, California. To determine whether the Taft outbreak could have occurred as spillover from the Bakersfield outbreak and whether epidemic control efforts must involve not only kit foxes but also sympatric dogs ( Canis lupus familiaris ), coyotes ( Canis latrans ), and red foxes ( Vulpes vulpes ), we evaluated genotypes and gene flow among mites collected from each host species.Methods: We used 10 Sarcoptes microsatellite markers (SARM) to perform molecular typing of 445 S. scabiei mites collected from skin scrapings from twenty-two infested kit foxes, two dogs, five coyotes, and five red foxes from Bakersfield, Taft, and other nearby cities.Results: We identified 60 alleles across all SARM loci; kit fox- and red fox-derived mites were relatively monomorphic, while genetic variability was greatest in Bakersfield coyote- and dog-derived mites. AMOVA analysis documented distinct mite populations unique to hosts, with an overall F ST of 0.467. The lowest F ST (i.e. closest genetic relationship, F ST = 0.038) was between Bakersfield and Taft kit fox-derived mites while the largest genetic difference was between Ventura coyote- and Taft kit fox-derived mites (F ST = 0.843).Conclusion: These results confirm the close relationship between the Taft and Bakersfield outbreaks. The Sarcoptes host specificity suggests that, although an inter-species spillover event likely initiated the kit fox mange outbreak, mite transmission is now primarily intraspecific. Therefore, any large-scale population level intervention should focus on treating kit foxes within the city.

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