Assessing Factors Affecting Moringa Production at North-western Zone of Tigray, Ethiopia

Moringa is a highly valued plant that is mostly grown in arid and semi-arid areas which used for food, medication and industrial purposes. This study investigates the factors affecting Moringa plant cultivation among farmers in Northern Ethiopia. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed to collect data from 54 farmers using questionnaire. Data were analysed using the descriptive statistics. The study identified the socioeconomic characteristics of the sampled respondents. Literate farmers were better in cultivation of Moringa plant than the illiterate one. It also reveals that land size were not the limiting factor for Moringa cultivation in the study area. This study shows that though farmers utilize Moringa, but still there is lack of knowledge on production, utilization, nutritional and economic importance of the plant. Of the total sampled 46.3% of the respondents used Moringa for human consumption. While compared to the proportion who cultivates Moringa it is relatively low. This low utilization of Moringa in the area attributed due to limited or no awareness on nutritional importance of Moringa and lack of knowledge on preparation of the Moringa utilization. The farmers mentioned that the main constraints that hinder Moringa cultivation is lack of awareness, lack of seedling availability, easily damageable by animals and attacked by termites. Based on the findings; this study recommends that the respective districts, other stakeholders and projects should take responsibilities in creating awareness regarding benefits and utilization process of the plant and offering Moringa seedlings to the society.

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Effect of Farmers – Herdsmen Crisis on Yam Production in Southern Agricultural Zone of Nasarawa State, Nigeria

Asian Journal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry ◽

10.9734/ajraf/2018/v2i430027 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

A. A. Girei ◽

L. S. Ugwuanyi ◽

H. M. Turai

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Sampling Procedure ◽

Study Data ◽

Variable Cost ◽

Gross Margin ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Total Variable Cost ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Before And After ◽

Socio Economic Variables

The study analyzed effect of crisis on yam production in Southern Agricultural Zone, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to; determine the effect of socio-economic variables on yam production, determine the factors affecting yam production, and to compare the gross margin of yam production before and after crisis in the study area. A multi-stage sampling procedure was adopted for this study and a total of sixty (60) respondents were sampled for this study. Data were collected through the use of structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics which involves use frequency, percentages and the gross margin analysis. The study revealed that before the conflict the total variable cost was 233,288.4 while after the conflict, the total variable cost was 172310. The study conclude that price of fertilizer was doubled after conflict thereby reducing production. The result shows that 17.6% of the respondent’s stopped producing yam because of the fear of conflict. And also, there was a reduction in food production between the period of the conflicts and peaceful disposition. The study therefore recommend that government should develop policies and strategies to curtail future occurrence of crisis among farmers and herdsmen, and focus more on giving incentives to farmers and subsidy on farm inputs such as fertilizer, improved varieties, chemicals among others to boost food crop production, farmers income level and to ensure maximum security on lives and properties of prospective citizens and farmers.

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Factors affecting loan repayment rate among smallholder farmers got loans from the Amhara Credit and Saving Institution: In the case of Habru District, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia

International Area Studies Review ◽

10.1177/22338659211040993 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 223386592110409

Author(s):

Andualem Kassegn ◽

Ebrahim Endris

Keyword(s):

Smallholder Farmers ◽

Loan Repayment ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Explanatory Variables ◽

Secondary Sources ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Nonfarm Income ◽

Development Agents ◽

Land Size ◽

Road Distance

The aim of this paper was to examine factors affecting loan repayment rate among smallholder farmers in the Habru District, Ethiopia, who had taken loans from the Amhara Credit and Saving Institution. In this study, both primary and secondary sources were used. The study employed a combination of multi-stage purposive and stratified sampling techniques in the selection of 384 borrowers from smallholder farmers in the study area. The Tobit model result found that a total of 10 out of the total 15 explanatory variables involved in the model were found to be statistically significant. According to the result demographic factors (age and household size), socio-economic factors (educational level, land size, livestock size, nonfarm income, purpose of borrowing), and institutional factors (road distance, contact with development agents, training received on loan use) were among the factors that influenced loan repayment rate of smallholder borrowers in the study area. Education level, land size, livestock size in tropical livestock unit, nonfarm income, purpose of borrowing, contact with agricultural extension agents, and training received on loan use were found to determine loan repayment rate of borrowers positively and significantly, while age, family size, and road distance were found to negatively and significantly determine loan repayment rate in the study area. Therefore, the overall results of this study underlined the great importance of the significant factors to profoundly achieve high repayment rate on borrowed funds from the Amhara Credit and Saving Institution in the studied area.

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Factors Affecting Loan Repayment Rate from ACSI among Smallholder Farmers: In the case of Habru District, Eastern Amara Regional State, Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-684555/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Andualem Kassegn ◽

Ebrahim Endris

Keyword(s):

Smallholder Farmers ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Farm Income ◽

Loan Repayment ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Explanatory Variables ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Land Size ◽

Small Holder ◽

Road Distance

Abstract This paper aims to examine factors affecting loan repayment rate from Amhara Credit and Saving Institutions (ACSI) among smallholder farmers in Habru district, Ethiopia. In this study, both primary and secondary data sources were used. The study employed a combination of multi-stage purposive and stratified sampling techniques in the selection of 384 borrowers from small-holder farmers in the study area. The Tobit model result found that a total of 10 out of the total 15 explanatory variables involved in the model were found to be statistically significant. According to the result demographic factors (age and household size), socio-economic factors (educational level, land size, livestock size, non-farm income, purpose of borrowing), and institutional factors (road distance, contact with development agents, training received on loan use) were among the factors that influenced loan repayment rate of small-holder borrowers in the study area. Education level, land size, livestock size in TLU, non-farm income, purpose of borrowing, contact with agricultural extension agents, and training received on loan use were found to determine loan repayment rate of borrowers positively and significantly, while age, family size, and road distance were found negatively and significantly determine loan repayment rate in the study area. Therefore, the overall result of this study underlined the great importance of the significant factors to profoundly achieve high repayment rate on borrowed funds from ACSI in the study area.

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Determinants of Informal Land Renting Decisions by A1 and A2 Farmers in Mashonaland East Province of Zimbabwe

Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies ◽

10.22610/jebs.v10i6(j).2595 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (6(J)) ◽

pp. 70-78

Author(s):

Simbarashe Tatsvarei ◽

Abbyssinia Mushunje ◽

Saul Ngarava ◽

Clifton Makate

Keyword(s):

Developing Economies ◽

Crop Diversification ◽

Informal Markets ◽

Welfare Gains ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Land Rental ◽

Rental Markets ◽

Land Size ◽

Land Rental Markets

Land rental markets are critical in developing economies as they contribute to efficiency, equity and welfare gains to farmers involved under conditions of low transaction costs. Despite lack of policy consistency in Zimbabwe, A1 and A2 farmers have been involved in these land rental markets, albeit in an informal manner. This study sought to establish the determinants of farmersâ€™ decision to take part in these informal markets. A survey was carried out in Mashonaland East province with a sample of 339 households selected through multi-stage sampling methods and data analysed using a bi-variate Tobit model. Results showed that combined together, the proportion of farmers involved in informal land rental markets are as much as those not participating. Determinants of renting-in were identified as gender, household income, permanent labour, cultivated area, tenure certainty, irrigable land size and crop diversification. Factors affecting renting-out decisions were age, permanent labour, irrigable land size and crop diversification and these results are not in any way different from findings from previous studies. The conclusion was that household characteristics and land endowments factors were strong in decisions to rent-in land while land endowments factors were dominant in decisions to rent-out land. Any future considerations for formalising land rental markets should consider these important factors having a bearing on land rental decisions.

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Determinants of Informal Land Renting Decisions by A1 and A2 Farmers in Mashonaland East Province of Zimbabwe

Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies ◽

10.22610/jebs.v10i6.2595 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 70 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Simbarashe Tatsvarei ◽

Abbyssinia Mushunje ◽

Saul Ngarava ◽

Clifton Makate

Keyword(s):

Developing Economies ◽

Crop Diversification ◽

Informal Markets ◽

Welfare Gains ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Land Rental ◽

Rental Markets ◽

Land Size ◽

Land Rental Markets

Land rental markets are critical in developing economies as they contribute to efficiency, equity and welfare gains to farmers involved under conditions of low transaction costs. Despite lack of policy consistency in Zimbabwe, A1 and A2 farmers have been involved in these land rental markets, albeit in an informal manner. This study sought to establish the determinants of farmers’ decision to take part in these informal markets. A survey was carried out in Mashonaland East province with a sample of 339 households selected through multi-stage sampling methods and data analysed using a bi-variate Tobit model. Results showed that combined together, the proportion of farmers involved in informal land rental markets are as much as those not participating. Determinants of renting-in were identified as gender, household income, permanent labour, cultivated area, tenure certainty, irrigable land size and crop diversification. Factors affecting renting-out decisions were age, permanent labour, irrigable land size and crop diversification and these results are not in any way different from findings from previous studies. The conclusion was that household characteristics and land endowments factors were strong in decisions to rent-in land while land endowments factors were dominant in decisions to rent-out land. Any future considerations for formalising land rental markets should consider these important factors having a bearing on land rental decisions.

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Predicting changes in distribution of a large coastal shark in the face of the strengthening East Australian Current

Marine Ecology Progress Series ◽

10.3354/meps13322 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 642 ◽

pp. 163-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Y Niella ◽

AF Smoothey ◽

V Peddemors ◽

R Harcourt

Keyword(s):

Austral Summer ◽

Conservation Strategies ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Commercial Fisheries ◽

East Australian Current ◽

Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽

Marine Animals ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Southeastern Australia ◽

The Face

In the face of accelerating climate change, conservation strategies will need to consider how marine animals deal with forecast environmental change as well as ongoing threats. We used 10 yr (2009-2018) of data from commercial fisheries and a bather protection program along the coast of New South Wales (NSW), southeastern Australia, to investigate (1) spatial and temporal patterns of occurrence in bull sharks and (2) environmental factors affecting bull shark occurrence along the coast of NSW. Predicted future distribution for this species was modelled for the forecast strengthening East Australian Current. Bull sharks were mostly harvested in small to larger estuaries, with average depth and rainfall responsible for contrasting patterns for each of the fisheries. There was an increase in the occurrence of bull sharks over the last decade, particularly among coastal setline fisheries, associated with seasonal availability of thermal gradients >22°C and both westward and southward coastal currents stronger than 0.15 and 0.60 m s-1, respectively, during the austral summer. Our model predicts a 3 mo increase in the availability of favourable water temperatures along the entire coast of NSW for bull sharks by 2030. This coastline provides a uniquely favourable topography for range expansion in the face of a southerly shift of warmer waters, and habitat is unlikely to be a limiting factor for bull sharks in the future. Such a southerly shift in distribution has implications for the management of bull sharks both in commercial fisheries and for mitigation of shark-human interactions.

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Regeneration Status and Importance of Hyphaene thebaica L. (Doum Palm) and Associated Species in Tekeze Riverine Vegetation of the North Western Zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

Asian Journal of Geographical Research ◽

10.9734/ajgr/2019/v2i430093 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Kiros Abay ◽

Kahsu Gebretsion

Keyword(s):

Riparian Vegetation ◽

Ricinus Communis ◽

Basal Area ◽

Northern Ethiopia ◽

The North ◽

Regeneration Status ◽

Western Zone ◽

Riverine Vegetation ◽

Associated Species ◽

North Western

Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate the regeneration status and importance of Hypahene thebaica L. and associated species in Tekeze riparian vegetation of the North western zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Study Design: Systematic sampling technique. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out along Tekeze riverine vegetation, northern Ethiopia between January 2015 and March 2015. Methodology: Three transects (one and two transects on the right and left side of the Tekeze River, respectively) were laid. The distance between the two transects on the left side of the river was 200 m. Along the transects, 30 plots were established systematically at intervals of 100 m to collect vegetation data. Results: Eighteen plant species belonging to 12 families were recorded. Fabaceae was found to be the dominant family in the study area and were represented by five species, which contributed to 27.7% of the total species documented, whereas nine families were represented by one species each. The overall density of the study area was 70.97 individuals/ha. Hyphaene thebaica was the second abundant species with 16.13 individuals/ha, and contributed 22.7% to the total density of the riparian vegetation. The total basal area of plants was 1.03 m2 ha-1. Hyphaene thebaica was ranked third and accounts for 12.6% of the total basal area with 0.13 m2 ha-1. The species was the most frequent with 17.02%, followed by Ricinus communis and Balanites aegyptiaca. Balanites aegyptiaca (53.52%), H. thebaica (52.37%) and Ricinus communis (51.76%) were the three most important species. Conclusion: More mature trees were documented than saplings and seedlings, indicating “poor’’ regeneration status for the riparian vegetation. Hyphaene thebaica has shown “fair’’, while most species were found to have “poorly’’ or “no’’ regenerating. Hence a sound management plan is urgently required to sustainably utilize and conserve the riverine vegetation.

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Conservation of food tree species in Niger: towards a participatory approach in rural communities

Forest Systems ◽

10.5424/fs/2016253-09558 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. e080 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Dolores Agúndez Leal ◽

Soumana Douma ◽

Javier Madrigal ◽

Almudena Gómez-Ramos ◽

Barbara Vicenti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Species Conservation ◽

Woody Species ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Ecological Regions ◽

Food Species ◽

And Gender

Aim of study: Indigenous woody species play an important role as a complement on the diet of rural populations in Niger, especially in periods of food scarcity. However, these species are nowadays overexploited and management programmes are necessary to conserve them. In order to design a conservation programme for edible woody species, this paper presents a sociological analysis about the use of edible woody species and their products during shortage periods in Niger.Area of study: Four villages in two distinct agro-ecological regions were selected to conduct structured enquiries based on focus group discussions and surveys with key informants.Material and Methods: Perceptions of the conservation status of these species were identified; as well the factors affecting food values, perceptions, management and collection practices.Main results: Results show that B. senegalensis was a staple food in the driest areas, and M. crassifolia was used for fodder and human consumption in the most critical situations. The local communities related the drivers of species conservation status specific to the agro-ecological regions, and gender and ethnic differences were also identified.Research highlights: Understanding these factors constitutes a first step towards adaptive management strategies for the conservation of woody food species in rural communities of Niger.Keywords: Africa; biodiversity; cultural preferences; food; NTFPs.

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Analysis of Consumers’ Preference for Local Rice among Households in Ekiti State, Nigeria

Asian Research Journal of Agriculture ◽

10.9734/arja/2020/v12i130074 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 18-23

Author(s):

G. T. Ajayi ◽

A. Ajiboye

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Control Policy ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Sampling Procedure ◽

Primary Data ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Good Taste ◽

The Mean ◽

The Government

Consumers’ preference for local rice determines its demand. Therefore, the study was carried out to analyze consumers’ preference for local rice among households in Ekiti State. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select respondents for this study. A total of 240 women were randomly selected from three Local Government Areas (LGAs) in the State. Primary data were obtained with the use of a well-structured interview schedule. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics as well as inferential statistic like logistic regression. The mean age of the respondents was 38 years and more than half (53.3%) of the respondents were females. Most (70.0%) of the respondents had a mean family size of 7 persons. Most (87.0%) preferred local rice and factors influencing consumers’ preference for local rice include good nutritional value, quality of rice and good taste. Local rice was very much preferred by the respondents. Logistic regression shows that significant influence exists between price, taste, availability of rice and presence of particles and preferred choice of rice. Therefore, efforts should be made by the government to formulate price control policy on local rice for its affordability by the consumers and there should be improvement on processing technology of local rice to eliminate presence of particles for improved quality and good taste to enhance the consumers’ preference for choice of rice. Also, the government should support farmers through provision of incentives and credit facilities so as to produce more local rice for its availability all year round.

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