scholarly journals Bacterial rhamnolipids (RLs) in saliva of Alzheimer's disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment patients and correlation with neuroinflammation and cognitive state

2021 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 209-219
Author(s):  
Eleni G. Andreadou ◽  
Georgios Katsipis ◽  
Magda Tsolaki ◽  
Anastasia A. Pantazaki
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cognitive State ◽  
Cox 2

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is increasingly affecting the aging population and the estimated prevalence reaches 50 million people worldwide. The need for the discovery of new biomarkers for AD diagnosis is urgent and especially in biological fluids other than cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), as its collection is invasive. Arguments are numerous that chronic bacterial infections might be considered as one of the possible causes of AD. Rhamnolipids (RLs) are bacterial virulence factors, suspicious for dysfunctions and disorders including AD. The aim of this pilot trial was to investigate RLs levels in saliva of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and AD patients with indirect ELISA. Specifically, salivary RLs were determined in 30 AD patients, 24 MCI patients and 15 cognitively healthy individuals and were found elevated in AD and MCI patients compared to those of the control group. The established biomarkers of AD, tau and Aβ42 amyloid, and the inflammatory markers cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) were also determined, to evaluate their possible interdependence from RLs levels. Levels of RLs positively correlate with COX-2 levels and negatively with the mental state according to Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of donors. Multilinear regression verified the tight interrelation of RLs with COX-2 in saliva of MCI and AD patients. The results of this study stand by the hypothesis of inflammatory involvement in AD and indicate that RLs could be suggested as eventual biomarkers for AD diagnosis using saliva as biological fluid.

scholarly journals Cognitive Skills Questionnaire: Comparative Results in Elderly Population without Cognitive Deficit, Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Edith Labos ◽  
Edith Labos ◽  
Sofia Trojanowski ◽  
Karina Zabala ◽  
Miriam Del Rio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Disorder ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cognitive Complaint

The increase in consultations for changes and/or cognitive complaints in the elderly, together with the current interest in epidemiological research in this context creates the need for screening tools for cognitive assessment to enable the detection of early deficits. Evidence shows its predictive value in the development of dementia disease. This study aims at displaying the results of a Cognitive Skills Questionnaire (CSQ) in a patient population with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), both compared with a control group (CG) with no cognitive disorder and verifying its sensitivity and specificity in order to identify risk patients with cognitive disorder. Participants and Methods: A total of 208 participants were evaluated, out of which 60 had MCI, 46 had AD and a remaining group of 102 subjects who had no cognitive disorder. All participants were administrated the CSQ and a battery of neuropsychological proofs. We analysed the statistical data using ANOVA, Student’s t-test, Tuckey test, ROC curve and principal components analysis. A multiple regression analysis was carried out so as to single out those questions which better differentiated the studied groups. Results: The CSQ showed significant differences between the CG and both groups of patients (AD p> 0.01 and MCI p> 0.05). It was established a cut-off point of 17.5 in the CSQ total score with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 91.3%. Conclusion: The CSQ could eventually allow us to identify patients with cognitive disorders and those others with a cognitive complaint greater than expected. Thus, this questionnaire could be a useful testing and counselling tool in health primary attention.

Is the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) screening superior to the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in the detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) in the elderly?

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (04) ◽  
pp. 491-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago C. C. Pinto ◽  
Leonardo Machado ◽  
Tatiana M. Bulgacov ◽  
Antônio L. Rodrigues-Júnior ◽  
Maria L. G. Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Montreal Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
State Examination

ABSTRACTObjective:To compare the accuracy of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in tracking mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD).Method:A Systematic review of the PubMed, Bireme, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, and PsycInfo databases was conducted. Using inclusion and exclusion criteria and staring with 1,629 articles, 34 articles were selected. The quality of the selected research was evaluated through the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 tool (QUADAS-2).Result:More than 80% of the articles showed MoCA to be superior to MMSE in discriminating between individuals with mild cognitive impairment and no cognitive impairment. The area under the curve varied from 0.71 to 0.99 for MoCA, and 0.43 to 0.94 for MMSE, when evaluating the ability to discriminate MCI in the cognitively healthy elderly individuals, and 0.87 to 0.99 and 0.67 to 0.99, respectively, when evaluating the detection of AD. The AUC mean value for MoCA was significantly larger compared to the MMSE in discriminating MCI from control [0.883 (CI 95% 0.855-0.912) vs MMSE 0.780 (CI 95% 0.740-0.820) p < 0.001].Conclusion:The screening tool MoCA is superior to MMSE in the identification of MCI, and both tests were found to be accurate in the detection of AD.

scholarly journals Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) for the detection of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI)

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 362-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Arevalo-Rodriguez ◽  
Nadja Smailagic ◽  
Marta Roqué i Figuls ◽  
Agustín Ciapponi ◽  
Erick Sanchez-Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
State Examination

The Mini-Mental State Examination: Czech Norms and Cutoffs for Mild Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment due to Alzheimer's Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 50-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ales Bartos ◽  
Miloslava Raisova
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Mild Dementia ◽  
Dementia Patients ◽  
Early Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
State Examination

Background: There is a lack of normative studies of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) for comparison with early Alzheimer's disease (AD) according to new diagnostic criteria. Participants and Methods: We administered the MMSE to normal elderly Czechs and to patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild dementia due to AD according to NIA-AA criteria. Results: We established percentile- and standard deviation-based norms for the MMSE from 650 normal seniors (age 69 ± 8 years, education 14 ± 3 years, MMSE score 28 ± 2 points) stratified by education and age. Dementia patients scored significantly lower than the MCI patients and both groups (110 early AD patients) had significantly lower MMSE scores than the normal seniors (22 ± 5 or 25 ± 3 vs. 28 ± 2 points) (p < 0.01). The optimal cutoff was ≤27 points with sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 79% for early detection of AD patients. Conclusion: We provided MMSE norms, several cutoffs, and higher cutoff scores for early AD using recent guidelines.

scholarly journals Subjective Cognitive Complaints Contribute to Misdiagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 836-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily C. Edmonds ◽  
Lisa Delano-Wood ◽  
Douglas R. Galasko ◽  
David P. Salmon ◽  
Mark W. Bondi
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cognitive Complaints ◽  
Informant Report ◽  
Cognitive Problems ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Complaints

AbstractSubjective cognitive complaints are a criterion for the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), despite their uncertain relationship to objective memory performance in MCI. We aimed to examine self-reported cognitive complaints in subgroups of the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) MCI cohort to determine whether they are a valuable inclusion in the diagnosis of MCI or, alternatively, if they contribute to misdiagnosis. Subgroups of MCI were derived using cluster analysis of baseline neuropsychological test data from 448 ADNI MCI participants. Cognitive complaints were assessed via the Everyday Cognition (ECog) questionnaire, and discrepancy scores were calculated between self- and informant-report. Cluster analysis revealed Amnestic and Mixed cognitive phenotypes as well as a third Cluster-Derived Normal subgroup (41.3%), whose neuropsychological and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarker profiles did not differ from a “robust” normal control group. This cognitively intact phenotype of MCI participants overestimated their cognitive problems relative to their informant, whereas Amnestic MCI participants with objective memory impairment underestimated their cognitive problems. Underestimation of cognitive problems was associated with positive CSF AD biomarkers and progression to dementia. Overall, there was no relationship between self-reported cognitive complaints and objective cognitive functioning, but significant correlations were observed with depressive symptoms. The inclusion of self-reported complaints in MCI diagnostic criteria may cloud rather than clarify diagnosis and result in high rates of misclassification of MCI. Discrepancies between self- and informant-report demonstrate that overestimation of cognitive problems is characteristic of normal aging while underestimation may reflect greater risk for cognitive decline. (JINS, 2014, 20, 1–12)

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