Craniopharyngioma in children: Report of three cases and review of the literature

Craniopharyngioma is a rare benign epithelial tumor, originating in the pituitary stem or pituitary gland and developing in the sellar and / or suprasellar region. Of embryonic origin, craniopharyngiomas are considered to develop from epithelial remains of Rathke's pouch. It affects children as well as adults. All ages combined, craniopharyngiomas represent between 3 to 4% of intracranial tumors worldwide, or 0.5 to 2 new cases per year and per million inhabitants. In children, they represent 10% of all intracranial tumors with a peak frequency between 7 and 13 years and a predominance of men. Although benign, this tumor remains a serious pathology because of the frequent visual, endocrine, neuro-intellectual sequelae and the risk of recurrence that it entails, involving the visual and vital functional.The management of this pathology is multidisciplinary and involves several modalities such as surgery, radiotherapy and medical treatment of hormonal deficits very often associated. We report in this article three cases of boys aged 9, 10 and 12; treated for symptomatic craniopharyngiomas with a favorable clinical and radiological outcome after partial surgical excision and adjuvant external radiotherapy. The aim of this article is to review the epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of these benign tumors of the sellar and / or suprasellar region, with an emphasis on the interest of radiotherapeutic treatment.

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Cervical intramedullary solitary fibrous tumor: Case report and review of the literature

Surgical Neurology International ◽

10.25259/sni_698_2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 468

Author(s):

Ruben Rodríguez-Mena ◽

José Piquer-Belloch ◽

Jose Luis Llácer-Ortega ◽

Pedro Riesgo-Suárez ◽

Vicente Rovira-Lillo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surgical Excision ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Who Grade ◽

Clear Cut ◽

Solitary Fibrous Tumors ◽

Spinal Lesions ◽

Exophytic Tumor ◽

Fibrous Tumor ◽

Spinal Cord Edema

Background: Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are benign tumors derived from mesenchymal tissues that predominantly occur in the pleura. Establishing the diagnosis of these very rare intramedullary spinal lesions, with no clear-cut pathognomonic radiographic characteristics, is particularly challenging. Case Description: Two males, 30 and 41 years of age, presented with progressive cervical myelopathies attributed to a cervical intramedullary exophytic tumor with associated spinal cord edema. One patient showed that the lesion was highly vascularized. Both patients underwent surgical excision of firm, solid, focal, and, particularly in one of them, very vascular/hemorrhagic tumors; at surgery, there was some adherence between the tumors and the cord tissue, but gross-total resections were achieved in both cases, demonstrated on postoperative MR scans. Histological and immunohistochemical findings confirmed the diagnosis of SFT (WHO Grade I). After a 6-month postoperative period, both patients neurologically improved and had no MR evidence of tumor recurrence. Conclusion: Intramedullary cervical exophytic SFTs are extremely rare. Although these solid tumors may present with hemorrhagic features and at surgery demonstrate significant adherence to the pial/cord surface, complete surgical resections are feasible resulting in good outcomes.

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Intracranial Chondroma. Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature

Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques ◽

10.1017/s0317167100038865 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 132-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Daniel hacerte ◽

Francois Gagné ◽

Michel Copty

Keyword(s):

Surgical Excision ◽

Diagnostic Procedures ◽

Good Prognosis ◽

Intracranial Tumors ◽

Pathological Findings ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Falx Cerebri ◽

Intracranial Chondroma

ABSTRACT:Introduction: Chondromas are rare intracranial tumors. The authors present two cases of intracranial intradural chondroma, one originating from the falx cerebri and the other from the dura mater of the convexity. Method and Results: Diagnostic procedures, including magnetic resonance imaging, and surgical findings are described. In both cases, pre-operative diagnosis could have been at least suspected, and the tumor was completely removed, without recurrence after a follow-up of many years. The pathogenesis and pathological findings are discussed, and cases from the literature are reviewed. Conclusion: Benign intradural chondroma has a good prognosis, with no recurrence after surgical excision in most cases.

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Nasal Cavity Schwannoma—A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Ear Nose & Throat Journal ◽

10.1177/01455613211034598 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 014556132110345

Author(s):

Jyun-Yi Liao ◽

Herng-Sheng Lee ◽

Bor-Hwang Kang

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Nasal Cavity ◽

Surgical Excision ◽

Lateral Wall ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Recommended Treatment ◽

Complete Surgical Excision ◽

Slow Growing ◽

Histology And Immunohistochemistry

Schwannomas are rare slow-growing benign tumors arising from Schwann cells lining the nerve sheaths. Head and neck schwannomas account for about one-third of all cases, and only 4% of them arise from the sinonasal tract. Its diagnosis is based on histology and immunohistochemistry. Complete surgical excision is the most recommended treatment option, and endoscopic surgery has been widely performed in recent years. In this study, we presented a case of a 55-year-old female with schwannoma arising from the lateral wall of the nasal cavity, causing epistaxis and rhinorrhea. The patient underwent endoscopic excision with prompt resolution of symptoms. The reported cases of nasal cavity schwannoma were reviewed and summarized for educational purposes.

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Cavernous Hemangioma of the Gallbladder Case Report and Review of the Literature

Tumori Journal ◽

10.1177/030089160509100511 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 91 (5) ◽

pp. 432-435 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Antonio Crucitti ◽

Antonio La Greca ◽

Armando Antinori ◽

Vincenzo Antonacci ◽

Paolo Magistrelli

Keyword(s):

Cavernous Hemangioma ◽

Liver Tumors ◽

Correct Diagnosis ◽

Surgical Excision ◽

Final Diagnosis ◽

Additional Patient ◽

Pathological Examination ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Adjacent Structures

Hemangiomas are common benign tumors; they frequently occur in the liver but very rarely in the gallbladder, with only seven cases reported in the scientific literature to date. We here report an additional patient, a 49-year-old white woman presenting with an echogenic lesion of the gallbladder that was incidentally discovered. Cholecystectomy was performed after computed tomography had revealed a gallbladder neoplasm; pathological examination showed the mass to be a cavernous hemangioma. No postoperative complications occurred and the patient is alive and free of recurrence five years after the operation. We present a review of the literature on this topic with special emphasis on the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges these lesions may entail. Hemangiomas of the gallbladder may have extremely variable presentations (from non-specific abdominal pain to acute syndromes resembling cholangitis or choledocholithiasis) and can mimic different lesions (liver tumors, sarcoma). Only surgical exploration can provide a correct diagnosis. Excision is indicated as these lesions may grow to huge sizes, compress adjacent structures or bleed. Conclusions Gallbladder hemangiomas are uncommon benign tumors. A preoperative diagnosis is difficult to make. Surgical excision is mandatory both in reaching a final diagnosis and in preventing bleeding or compression of vital structures.

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Nerve-associated Schwann cell precursors contribute extracutaneous melanocytes to the heart, inner ear, supraorbital locations and brain meninges

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences ◽

10.1007/s00018-021-03885-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marketa Kaucka ◽

Bara Szarowska ◽

Michaela Kavkova ◽

Maria Eleni Kastriti ◽

Polina Kameneva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Schwann Cell ◽

Inner Ear ◽

Gene Knockout ◽

Hair Follicles ◽

Lineage Tracing ◽

Pigment Cells ◽

Hearing Function ◽

Embryonic Origin ◽

Schwann Cell Precursors ◽

Evolutionary Aspects

AbstractMelanocytes are pigmented cells residing mostly in the skin and hair follicles of vertebrates, where they contribute to colouration and protection against UV-B radiation. However, the spectrum of their functions reaches far beyond that. For instance, these pigment-producing cells are found inside the inner ear, where they contribute to the hearing function, and in the heart, where they are involved in the electrical conductivity and support the stiffness of cardiac valves. The embryonic origin of such extracutaneous melanocytes is not clear. We took advantage of lineage-tracing experiments combined with 3D visualizations and gene knockout strategies to address this long-standing question. We revealed that Schwann cell precursors are recruited from the local innervation during embryonic development and give rise to extracutaneous melanocytes in the heart, brain meninges, inner ear, and other locations. In embryos with a knockout of the EdnrB receptor, a condition imitating Waardenburg syndrome, we observed only nerve-associated melanoblasts, which failed to detach from the nerves and to enter the inner ear. Finally, we looked into the evolutionary aspects of extracutaneous melanocytes and found that pigment cells are associated mainly with nerves and blood vessels in amphibians and fish. This new knowledge of the nerve-dependent origin of extracutaneous pigment cells might be directly relevant to the formation of extracutaneous melanoma in humans.

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An Exceptional Case of Intraparotid Plexiform Neurofibroma Originating from Autonomic Fibers of the Auriculotemporal Nerve

Case Reports in Medicine ◽

10.1155/2017/8327215 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sarantis Blioskas ◽

Sotiris Sotiriou ◽

Katerina Rizou ◽

Triantafyllia Koletsa ◽

Petros Karkos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parotid Gland ◽

Plexiform Neurofibroma ◽

Surgical Excision ◽

Neurofibromatosis Type ◽

Exceptional Case ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

First Case ◽

Superficial Lobe ◽

The Right ◽

Auriculotemporal Nerve

Plexiform neurofibromas are benign tumors that tend to occur in patients suffering from neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1). This report addresses a rare case where the tumor affected the parotid gland, deriving almost exclusively from the peripheral portion of the facial nerve. A 6-year-old male was referred to us complaining about a gradually enlarging swelling over the right parotid area. Imaging localized the lesion to the superficial lobe of the parotid gland, suggesting a neurofibroma. Cosmetic disfigurement and a functional deficit led us to perform complete surgical resection. Meticulous surgical dissection as well as auriculotemporal nerve origin made complete extirpation possible with almost zero morbidity and ensured alleviation of both aesthetic impairment and pain. This is the first case of an intraparotid PN in a pediatric NF-1 patient, which originated from branches of the auriculotemporal nerve and particularly from fibers of the autonomic nervous system. Radical surgical excision was decided according to established decision-making algorithms.

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Nasal Epithelial Myoepithelial Carcinoma: An Unusual Cause of Epiphora, a Case Report and Review of the Literature

Allergy & Rhinology ◽

10.2500/ar.2015.6.0127 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. ar.2015.6.0127 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Juliette O. Flam ◽

Christopher D. Brook ◽

Rachel Sobel ◽

John C. Lee ◽

Michael P. Platt

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Physical Examination ◽

Nasal Cavity ◽

Surgical Excision ◽

Myoepithelial Carcinoma ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Nasal Symptoms ◽

First Case ◽

Nasal Tumor ◽

Epithelial Myoepithelial Carcinoma

Introduction Epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) of the nasal cavity is a rare tumor, and here we describe the first case of EMC of the nasal cavity presenting with epiphora. A case presentation and review of the literature is provided. Methods A case report is described of a 63-year-old man who presented with unilateral epiphora and was found via a thorough history and physical examination to have a nasal tumor. The physical examination consisted of an ocular examination, including probing and irrigation, and a detailed nasal examination (anterior rhinoscopy, nasal endoscopy). The nasal examination was prompted by the patient's report of concurrent nasal symptoms during history taking. Immunohistochemistry subsequently identified the nasal tumor as EMC. A literature search was performed to gain insights into similar malignancies of the nasal cavity. Results Eight cases of EMC of the nasal cavity were identified in the literature, none of the patients presented with epiphora. The case presented here resulted in resolution of the patient's symptoms and no evidence of disease after surgical excision. Conclusion Epithelial myoepithelial is a rare salivary gland malignancy that can arise in the nasal cavity. Unilateral epiphora with concurrent nasal symptoms should prompt nasal cavity examination for the possibility of an obstructive tumor.

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TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS: PRESENTATION OF A CASE AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

10.36106/gjra/4910349 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 95-96

Author(s):

Fabricio Andrés Lasso Andrade ◽

Jorge Alejandro Cadena Arteaga ◽

Ángela Maria Fajardo Arteaga ◽

Viviana Lizeth Echeverry Morillo ◽

David Alfredo Acevedo Vargas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Tuberous Sclerosis ◽

Tuberous Sclerosis Complex ◽

Autosomal Dominant ◽

Genetic Disorder ◽

Causal Link ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Dominant Inheritance ◽

Variable Expression

Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) also known as Bournneville disease. TSC is a multisystemic genetic disorder with autosomal dominant inheritance, of variable expression, which is mainly characterized by the presence of benign tumors or hamartomas in the nervous system and skin, but which may also be present in the heart, kidney, lung and other organs. The most frequent symptom is epilepsy, affecting 80-90% of patients with TSC which manifests itself in childhood between 1 to 3 years of age. We present a case of sporadic onset tuberous sclerosis with epilepsy that had a causal link with TSC after admission to the emergency room in a convulsive status.

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Metastases to the Pituitary Gland: Histological Patterns of Spread and Review of the Literature

Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology ◽

10.1093/jnen/nlab096 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

B K Kleinschmidt-DeMasters

Keyword(s):

Pituitary Adenoma ◽

Pituitary Gland ◽

Surgical Excision ◽

Disease Course ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Metastatic Cells ◽

Filling Pattern ◽

Pituitary Metastases ◽

Atypical Pituitary Adenoma ◽

Disease Stages

Abstract Few studies have focused on histological patterns of metastatic spread to the pituitary gland. We review our experience and that in the literature, 1970–present. Departmental cases, 1998–2021, were assessed for anterior versus posterior gland and/or capsular involvement and cohesive tumor obliterating underlying pituitary architecture versus metastatic cells filling pituitary acini with relative acinar preservation. Eleven autopsy/15 surgical cases, including 2 metastases to pituitary adenomas, were identified. Cohesive/obliterative patterns predominated histologically in both surgical and autopsy cases, but acinar filling by metastatic cells was extensive in 3/26 cases, focal in 5/26, and had resulted in initial erroneous impressions of atypical pituitary adenoma/pituitary carcinoma in 1 case and pituitary adenoma with apoplexy in another, likely due to focusing on necrotic areas in the specimen where the acinar pattern had been broken down and not appreciating nearby areas with acinar filling by metastatic cells. Although most pituitary metastases produce readily identifiable cohesive/obliterative patterns, diagnostic challenges remain with the less frequently seen “acinar filling” pattern. A dichotomy exists between patients with symptomatic pituitary metastases occurring early in the disease course and requiring surgical excision versus patients in whom asymptomatic small pituitary metastases are found incidentally at autopsy, the latter almost invariably in late disease stages, with widely disseminated metastatic disease.

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Olfactory Nerve Schwannoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

The Surgery Journal ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1669991 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 04 (03) ◽

pp. e164-e166 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mahmoud Taha ◽

Amr AlBakry ◽

Magdy ElSheikh ◽

Tarek AbdelBary

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Peripheral Nerves ◽

Traffic Accident ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Olfactory Nerve ◽

Anterior Cranial Fossa ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

Rare Entity ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Cranial Fossa

AbstractSchwannomas are benign tumors, which arise from the Schwann cells of the central or peripheral nerves. They form 8% of all intracranial tumors and most of the cases arise from vestibular division of the 8th cranial nerve. Rare cases are shown to arise from the olfactory or optic nerve, being devoid of myelin sheath. Up to date and according to our best of knowledge, 66 cases have been reported till now. Here we present a review of the literature and a case report of a 56-year-old male with an accidently discovered anterior cranial fossa schwannoma, following a road traffic accident. Tumor was completely excised, using a right frontal approach. Histopathology revealed Antoni-A cellular pattern. Although rare, but olfactory nerve schwannomas should be included in the differential diagnosis in anterior cranial fossa space occupying lesions, and the approach should be designed taking into consideration, this rare entity.

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